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Boxing may be strange to us, but many colorful everyday words come from boxing. You survived the failure (by using a bell to indicate the end of a round)? Are you still in trouble? You were caught off guard (by an opponent below the waist)? You were declared defeated (the referee counted down to 10)? Or are you just tired of infighting and decided to give up?

Boxing is a game in which gloves are worn. It is both an amateur sport and a professional sport. The goal of the game is to get more points than the opponent to beat or knock down the opponent and end the game. At the same time, the competitor (boxer) should try to avoid the opponent's blow.

The boxing match is held in a boxing ring surrounded by three ropes. There are three rounds of amateur boxing, each of which lasts for three minutes. Boxers should wear gloves. Other appliances include: helmet, tooth protector, sports shorts and crotch protector. Boxers are graded according to their weight.

Empty-handed boxing is a self-defense skill practiced by ancient Greeks and Romans, and it was included in the ancient Olympic Games. 1867, Britain adopted queensberry boxing rules, requiring (competitors) to wear gloves in the competition. 1880 British amateur boxing Federation was established. The International Amateur Boxing Federation was established.

The world's leading boxing countries are the United States, Cuba, Britain and Russia. Boxing needs strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, ferocity, coordination, determination and courage.

Introduction to boxing knowledge

1. The name of the world amateur boxing management organization is: AIBA International Amateur Boxing Federation is the world amateur boxing management organization.

2. The main international boxing competitions are: American Amateur Boxing Championship and European Amateur Boxing Championship.

3. The referees of boxing match include an on-stage referee, several off-stage referees and a timekeeper.

The referee's duty on the stage is to control the whole game. The timekeeper rings the bell to indicate the beginning or end of each game.

4. Actions that constitute a foul include hitting below the waist, hitting the back of the head or neck, and hitting an opponent who has fallen to the ground.

5. If there is a foul, the score of the fouler will be deducted until the game is disqualified.

6. The difference between knockout (opponent's) victory and technical knockout victory: knockout victory refers to the situation that a boxer is knocked to the ground and can't stand up before the referee scores; Technical victory refers to the situation in which the referee stops the game.

7. Scoring: Obviously, when the knuckles (right front) of boxing gloves hit the opponent, they will be scored.

8. Boxing techniques include attacking, dodging, moving up and down, wrestling and being good at counterattack.

9. Attacking techniques include left straight fist, left jab, left hook, right uppercut, right cross fist and combination boxing, such as 1-2 combo combination boxing routine.

(boxing) competition

All these literal terms in boxing are often used as metaphors with the same meaning outside the boxing ring. It can be seen that boxing has been loved by all walks of life in recent years, which makes boxing the most exciting game in the Olympic Games and the focus of attention of the audience.

Not all the words used in this sport are familiar to us. For example, the symbolic phrase TKO of professional boxing is rarely used in daily life. The queensberry Rules adopted in boxing matches have a history of about one and a half centuries, and the rules adopted in Olympic Games and professional boxing matches are quite different.

Only men's boxing competitions are held in the Olympic Games. The boxing match was played by two players in a square boxing ring. In amateur boxing, the goal of the game is to score points by hitting opponents or make them unable to continue the game.

Boxers must wear boxing gloves and are only allowed to hit the side and front of each other's waist with clenched fists. At the Sydney Olympic Games, each boxing match consists of four rounds, each lasting two minutes, with a one-minute break between rounds. In the past, every Olympic boxing match had three rounds, each lasting three minutes. However, medical reports show that the new competition system can reduce the physical injury suffered by boxers in the competition.

score

As soon as the bell rings, a boxing match begins. Boxers approached each other, trying to score points by hitting each other effectively. Make a clear and powerful blow to the reasonable part of the opponent's body with the fist peak of clenched gloves, and score one point. Effective hitting positions include the front side of the opponent's head and the front side of the upper body above the waist. A blow on the arm is invalid. If the blow to the effective hitting position is judged not to constitute a hitting force, no score will be scored.

A team of five judges decides whether to score a blow or not, and the electronic scoring system will ensure that only when at least three of the five judges decide to score. There are two buttons in front of each judge, one for each player. When the referee thinks that the player has an effective blow to his opponent, he can press the corresponding button. Only when at least three referees press the same button in less than one second will the scoring system score points.

Boxers can get one point for one effective hit, and the score is calculated by the electronic system. When two boxers hit each other quickly and continuously in close combat, neither side can strike with enough force. At this time, the judge can wait until the close combat is over and give the dominant party a point.

At the end of the boxing match, add up the points given by each referee, and the person who gets more points from most referees is declared the winner. If the two players score the same score in the end, the referee will decide the winner by evaluating which player is better in the game scene or has a better sports style. If the judges are still flat after weighing these factors, they can turn to the defensive skills of the players and make a final evaluation.

Can't afford to fall, can't afford to fall.

In boxing, if a boxer is hit and any other part of his body touches the table above his feet, he will be sentenced to the ground. After being hit, a player falls off the rope, leans or hangs on the rope, or can stand up after being hit hard, but the referee on the stage thinks that he can't continue the game, so he should be sentenced to the ground. When the boxer was knocked down, the referee began to count from 1 to 10. Now electronic counting equipment has been adopted, and every time the equipment counts tickets, it will beep, but the judges on the stage often do it for a few seconds by themselves. The referee on the stage asked to keep a hand in front of the fallen player for a few seconds and gestured for the second. After counting to 10 seconds, if the player who falls to the ground can't stand up, it can be judged that the opponent has knocked down the opponent and won.

Even if the fallen player stands up immediately, he can't continue the game. He must first accept the referee's eight seconds on the stage. After a few seconds to eight seconds, the referee on the stage will order "start" to continue the game if he thinks that the game can continue. If the knocked-down player stands up and misses again, the referee on the stage will start for 8 seconds at a time.

Players who fall to the ground and are being beaten for a few seconds can only stop for a few seconds when the bell rings at the end of the final round to avoid being sentenced to failure. In other rounds and competitions, the referee continues backstage for a few seconds when the bell rings.

If both sides are knocked down at the same time, the referee on the stage will hold for several seconds at the same time. As long as one side stays on the ground, it will continue for several seconds to 10. If both sides can't stand up to 10 in a few seconds, the game is over at this time, and the one who scored the most points before the time of falling to the ground wins.

Give up the game

In other cases, including because the player can't bear the heavy blow, or the player is not qualified to participate in the competition, the referee on the stage can end the game and declare the opponent as the winner. Most of these situations are caused by injuries in boxing confrontation. In addition to the referee on the stage, the assistant on the sidelines can decide whether the player can bear a heavy blow and throw a towel on the court to show his abstention.

Break the rules

When a boxer commits a foul, he will face a warning, a warning or the severest punishment, and be disqualified from the competition. Two warnings to the same kind of offenders are equal to one warning. Three warnings, regardless of the same foul, will lead to the player's disqualification. Common fouls include: hitting the opponent below the waist line, hugging the opponent, squeezing the opponent's face with elbow, pushing the opponent's head out of the rope, hitting with open palm, hitting with palm back, hitting the opponent's back of head and neck and body. Other fouls include passive defense, not taking a step back when the referee orders "separation", hitting the referee verbally on the stage, and hitting the opponent immediately after the referee orders "separation".

Other rules

1. If any boxer gets three seconds in a round and four seconds in a match, the referee on the stage can stop the match and declare the opponent won.

If the referee on the stage stops the game in the first round because of the player's eye injury or similar reasons, then the opponent wins. However, if the referee stops the competition in the second or third round for the above reasons, the winner of the competition will be evaluated by accumulating the scores given by the referee so far.

Players are required to shake hands with each other before the first round of competition and after the results of the competition are announced to show friendship. Players participating in the Olympic boxing competition must be at least 17 years old and at least 34 years old.

4. It is forbidden to keep a beard on the chin, and the longest beard on the upper lip cannot exceed the upper lip.

Before each competition, the medical examiner must announce whether the health condition of the contestants is suitable for the competition. In the competition, there are three doctors on the sidelines. Any doctor can stop the game if he thinks it is necessary for medical reasons.

squared circle

The square boxing ring used in the competition covers an area of 6. 1 m2 and is surrounded by ropes. The surface of the boxing ring consists of a stretched canvas with a cushion under it. The area of the whole boxing ring extending out of the rope is 45.72 square centimeters.

The ropes on both sides of the boxing ring are composed of four parallel ropes. The lowest rope from the floor of the boxing ring is 40.66 cm high, and the height distance between the two ropes is 30.48 cm.

The four corners of the boxing ring are distinguished by different colors. Boxers can use red and blue platform angles in the competition, and the other two neutral angles are white.

Schedule

Players participating in the Olympic boxing competition will be randomly arranged in pairs, regardless of ranking. With the single elimination system, the winner enters the next round and the loser is eliminated. Players enter the finals through the preliminary round, quarter-finals and semi-finals. The winners of the semi-finals competed for gold and silver medals, and the losers all won bronze medals.

Qualification for the Olympic Games

There are 3 12 boxers who will take part in the boxing competition in Sydney Olympic Games. The last Atlanta Olympic Games was 364. They qualified for the Olympic Games by participating in regional championships in Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Oceania.

The number of people in each region depends on the boxing strength in each region, and the number of people in different levels is different. For example, in every boxing match, there are 8 people in Europe, 7 people in Asia, 6 people in America, 6 people in Africa and Oceania 1.

The first boxing ring

The boxing ring for competition must meet the following requirements:

1. The height of the boxing ring is 1 m, and the inner area of the rope is 4.9 to 6. 1 m square, but the inner area of the rope in the boxing ring of the national competition must be 6.0 to 6. 1 m square.

2. The boxing ring should be firm, flat, safe and reliable. The rope extending from the table top shall not be less than 46 cm; Install four corner posts at the four corners of the platform to fix the rope; Place corner pads with moderate hardness, width of 25 cm and thickness of 10 cm at the four corners of the rope. The color of the corner pad is: facing the arbitration seat, the near left corner is red, the far left corner is white, the near right corner is white and the far right corner is blue.

3. The countertop should be padded with felt, rubber or other suitable materials with the same elasticity and thickness of 1.5 to 2 cm, and then covered with flat and fixed canvas. Each of the above materials must cover the whole countertop (including the parts other than the rope).

4. There are four ropes around the boxing ring, and the height of each rope from the table top is 42cm, 72cm, 102cm and 132cm respectively.

The diameter of the rope is 3 to 5 cm, and the surface of the rope should be wrapped with soft and smooth cloth. Both sides of the rope are connected up and down with two 5 cm wide canvas belts. The canvas belts should be stable and cannot slide along the rope. The distance between the left and right canvas belts should be equal. The distance between each corner post and the rope angle should be 50 to 60 cm.

There are three steps in the boxing ring. The red and blue corners are provided with steps for athletes and their assistants to use; The neutral corner is provided with steps for referees and on-site medical supervisors.

6. On the outside of the two neutral corners of the boxing ring, a small plastic bag is prepared for the referee on the stage to wipe the cotton balls that the boxer has tried.

You can use two boxing rings in a big game.

The second boxing glove

1. Athletes participating in the competition must wear gloves recognized by the State Sports Commission and the Chinese Boxing Association and provided by the organizers, otherwise they may not participate in the competition.

Second, the organizer must provide clean and standard gloves:

The weight of gloves worn by athletes at all levels is 284g (1 oz). Among them, the weight of the leather part shall not exceed half of the total weight, the weight of the filler shall not be less than half of the total weight of the glove, and the filler shall not be misplaced or damaged. The effective hitting position of gloves must be marked with a white mark with a width of 15cm. The strap of the glove should be tied on the back of the wrist.

Third hand bandage

1. Athletes can use a soft medical bandage with the length of each hand not exceeding 2.5m and the width not exceeding 5cm, or they can use "Vilppo" instead. It is forbidden to use bandages made of adhesive tape or other fabrics, but it is allowed to use adhesive tape with a length of 8 cm and a width of 25 cm to fix bandages.

Second, the hand bandages used by the athletes are provided by the organizers. When necessary, with the approval of the Arbitration Commission and inspection by the registration office, you can also use your own shed belt.

Article 4 Athletes' clothing and protective gear

I. Athletes' clothing and protective gear must meet the following requirements:

Wear vest shorts: Athletes should prepare a red vest and a blue vest. The color of the vest must be consistent with the color of the corners, and the color of the shorts is not limited.

If the vest and shorts are the same color, the waistline must be marked with eye-catching color, and the width of the waistline is 10 cm (from forehead to navel). Shorts must reach the middle and upper thighs.

2. Wear soft-soled boots or shoes without heels or nails.

3. Wear hard plastic crotch protector and fix it with briefs or protector.

4. Wear tooth protection: The organizers of the competition provide tooth protection for athletes without tooth protection at their own expense.

5. Wearing headgear: The organizers of the competition should provide red and blue headgear for athletes, and athletes can also wear their own headgear, but it must be verified by the arbitration commission.

Athletes don't have to wear head protectors when they enter the stadium. After being introduced to the audience, athletes from both sides wore head protectors. Please take off your helmet after the game and before the results are announced.

The standard of head protection: covering the upper edge of eyebrow arch, cheeks, ears, neck and posterior skull; It is necessary to use 1 cm thick latex and foam plastic as the inner liner, and fasten it with the buckle to prevent the head protector from moving and falling off. The weight is 227 grams, but the weight of leather shall not exceed half of the total weight.

2. For athletes who don't wear head protectors, crotch protectors, teeth protectors or untidy clothes, the referee on the stage has the right to stop them from participating in the competition. If the gloves or clothing protectors come loose during the competition, the referee on the stage should stop the competition and resume the competition after the gloves or clothing protectors of the athletes are arranged.

Three, in addition to the provisions of clothing, protective gear, athletes are not allowed to wear any other decoration. Athletes are prohibited from smearing any grease or other substances harmful to each other on their faces, arms or other parts of their bodies.

Athletes must shave, and they are not allowed to grow long beards, and they are allowed to grow short beards, but not beyond their upper lips.

Article 5 Competition venues and equipment

competition range

Second, in addition to the boxing ring, you need the following equipment:

Two rosin boards in length (there is loose powder in the board for the contestants to wipe the soles and prevent slipping).

There are two chairs in the red corner and two chairs in the blue corner are for athletes. Auxiliary use.

3. Prepare a plastic bucket, a cup and a funnel at the red corner and the blue corner respectively (the funnel must be connected with a conduit to make water flow into the bucket outside the boxing ring).

4. Number of tables and chairs used by referee staff.

5. Boxing timer, gong (with gong hammer) or bell.

Article 6 Pre-competition physical examination and weighing

I. Physical examination

1. Before weighing, the contestants must have a physical examination by a doctor appointed by China Boxing Association. In order to ensure the smooth physical examination and weighing, if there are too many athletes participating in the competition, with the consent of the organizing Committee, some physical examinations can be carried out the day before the competition.

2. During the physical examination and weighing, the contestants must show the registration certificate, athlete's manual and life insurance procedures issued by China Boxing Association, so that doctors and referees can record on them. If he can't show his registration certificate, athlete's handbook and life insurance procedures, he won't be able to participate in the competition.

Second, the weight level.

1.48kg。

2.48-5 1 kg.

3.5 1-54kg。

4.54-57 kg.

5.57-60 kg.

6.60-63.5 kg.

7.63.5-67kg。

8.67-7 1 kg.

9.7 1-75kg。

10.75-8 1 kg class.

11.81-91kg class.

12.9 1 kg or above.

Third, weigh yourself

1. National weighing regulations:

(1) At 7:00-9:00 am on the first day of the competition, the contestants at all levels will be weighed. In the future schedule, only the athletes participating in the day's competition are required to weigh themselves again at 7:00-8:00 in the morning. It shall not be less than 3 hours after weighing and before the start of the competition.

(2) Weighing shall be supervised by the representative designated by the Arbitration Commission. When the athletes weigh themselves, their team leader or assistant (limited to one) can accompany them, but they can't interfere with the work of the conference in any way.

(3) The level of athletes' participation is determined by their weight at the first weighing. However, it will still be required to weigh again on the day of the competition to ensure that its actual weight meets the competition level.

(4) When weighing for the first time, if the athlete's weight exceeds or fails to reach the original registration level standard, he should participate in the competition with his actual weight. However, there must be a vacancy in the unit of this level, and it must be determined before the end of weighing. The participating units can ask for the replacement of athletes at any time before the first weighing and physical examination, but the substitute athletes must meet the relevant requirements of the competition and have served as substitutes at this level or other levels at the time of registration.

(5) When athletes weigh naked, metric meter or watt-hour meter should be used.

(6) After weighing, athletes will get a weighing card signed by the competent doctor and filled in by the designated weigher.

2. The organizers of the competition should prepare the weighing scale and the training ground in advance for the athletes to use before the competition.

Article 7 draw lots and bye bye.

First, draw lots: draw lots must be carried out after physical examination and weighing. When drawing lots, representatives of participating teams must be present. Every athlete takes part in a competition every day. Under special circumstances, the Arbitration Commission has the right to change this provision.

Bye-bye: Bye-bye athletes will be decided by drawing lots. Athletes who fail to pass the competition can't get rankings and medals. In a competition in which more than two athletes participate, the first round bye is determined by drawing lots, so that the number of athletes participating in the second round is two (for example, 4,8,16,32). Athletes who have a bye in the first round will be the first to participate in the second round. If the bye is odd, the athlete who draws the bye will compete with the winner of the first game in the first round; If the bye is an even number, the athletes who bye will appear first in the second round in the order of drawing lots. In a competition, an athlete must not win twice without a competition. In this case, before the second round, the athletes who had a bye in the first round should be put together with those who didn't participate because the other side abstained or those who only played one round to draw lots again.

Third, the order of the competition: the competition should be carried out according to the heavyweight as far as possible, from small level to heavy level.

Article 8 Competition Round

1. 10 from 0997+65438+65438, the competition adopts a five-turn system, and each round lasts for 2 minutes. These 2 minutes do not include the time when the game is suspended due to warnings, warnings, clothing arrangements or other reasons. Rest between rounds 1 minute.

Two, teenagers or novice competition, using four turn system, a round of 2 minutes, rest between rounds 1 minute.

Article 9 Assistant

1. Each athlete can have two assistants in the competition.

Second, only two assistants can board the ring, of which only 1 person is allowed to enter the ring rope.

Third, the assistant can't stay in the ring except for the rest between rounds. The assistant needs to wipe the boxer's face five seconds before each round, clean up the chairs, towels, buckets and other things in the boxing ring, and then leave the boxing ring quickly.

4. Assistants should prepare towels or sponges for athletes. He can give up for the athletes, or throw a towel or sponge into the boxing ring to show his abstention when he thinks that the athletes can't continue to insist on the game. Except when the referee is on stage for a few seconds.

5. During the competition, the assistant shall not give any guidance, help or hint to the athletes, otherwise they will be warned or disqualified, and the athletes may be warned, warned or disqualified.

Six, in the competition, the assistant shall not use language or gestures to incite the audience, in order to achieve the purpose of guiding or encouraging the team's boxers. If the above situation occurs, he will be disqualified from continuing to perform his duties as an assistant in this competition. If the assistant is ordered by the referee to leave the boxing ring because of a foul, he shall not enter the competition hall before the end of the competition and shall not serve as the assistant of his own unit. If the assistant fouls for the second time, he will be disqualified as an assistant in this competition.

Article 10 On-stage referees and off-stage referees

1. The on-stage referees and off-stage referees of national championships, championship matches and other national official competitions shall be selected by the State Sports Commission.

Second, the official competition, each competition must have 1 referees on the stage and 5 referees off the stage. Position of judges under the stage: two judges sit on the same side of the ring opposite the arbitration commission (a certain distance should be kept), and the other three judges sit in the middle of the other three sides of the ring, close to the edge of the ring. Invitational games, competitions, trials, regionals, etc. You can also use three judges.

Three, in order to ensure neutrality, the referee on the stage and the referee under the stage of each game must meet the following requirements:

1. come from different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and from areas outside the provinces and municipalities where the participants are located.

Under normal circumstances, two referees in the same province and city are not allowed to judge the same game.

3. In case of special circumstances, when the Arbitration Commission cannot comply with the above provisions, it shall try its best to ensure the neutrality and non-bias of the selected referee, and shall report the situation to the Arbitration Commission in time. If the referee committee can't solve the problem, the chairman of the arbitration committee or his representative will draw lots to decide who will be the referee of this competition.

Four, in any competition or the whole process, as a referee or competition organizer, can not serve as the manager, coach or assistant of athletes or sports teams, or perform the above duties in the competitions in which provincial and municipal athletes participate.

Five, the organizing committee may, according to the recommendation of the Arbitration Commission, cancel the use qualification of the referee who failed to effectively implement the rules in this competition and the referee who failed to score correctly and effectively.

6. Electronic scorer: The electronic scorer recognized and approved by the Equipment Committee of China Boxing Association must be used in national competitions.

Article 11 Arbitration Commission

1. Composition: An arbitration committee composed of 5-7 persons shall be set up for national competitions, with 1 director and 2 deputy directors responsible for the work of the committee (an arbitration committee composed of 3-5 persons may be set up for general competitions, with 1 director and 65,438 deputy directors respectively).

Members of the National Competition Arbitration Committee are appointed by the Boxing Management Center of the State Sports Commission and the China Boxing Association.

Second, responsibilities:

1. Members of the Arbitration Commission shall take turns to serve as on-site arbitration members during the competition. Except the members who perform the work on site, other members shall not sit on the arbitration seat. The rotation table of the members of the Arbitration Commission during the competition should be arranged before the competition. If it is necessary to change members, the consent of the chairman of the Arbitration Commission must be obtained in advance.

2. The on-site arbitration committee shall record the scores of athletes from both sides in each competition and compare these scores with the final scores of the referee.

3 Review the referee's scorecard and ensure that:

(1) Calculate the total score correctly;

(2) Accurately register the names and units of athletes;

(3) Propose the winner;

(4) Sign the score sheet;

The arbitration commission must carefully examine the results of scoreboards and electronic referee records.

4. The Arbitration Commission shall decide the winner according to the results put forward by the majority of scoreboards and electronic referees, and notify the announcer of the winner and announce the name of the winner.

5. The Arbitration Commission shall, after each competition, review the work of the referees under the stage and submit to the Arbitration Commission a list of referees whose work they think is not up to standard.

6. Members of the Arbitration Commission may summon the referee on the stage who fails to effectively implement the rules and the referee under the stage who fails to correctly score points to understand the situation.

7. If the referee on the stage or the referee off the stage in charge of a game is absent for some reason, the chairman or deputy director of the Arbitration Commission may choose a referee who has been approved to perform referee work instead of the absent referee.

8. In case of an accident that hinders the normal running of the competition and the referee cannot take effective action, the arbitration commission may order the competition to stop and report to the organizing committee and the referee commission in time, so as to make the competition go on as usual.

9. Make suggestions to the referee committee on relevant matters and consult the referee committee on possible decisions.

10. Determine the on-stage referee and off-stage referee of each final.

1 1. If an athlete intentionally fouls, and the circumstances are serious, the arbitration commission has the right to suggest that the organizing committee of the General Association give the athlete a penalty for not participating in the competition in the future. The organizing committee may also cancel and deprive the athlete of the ranking, medals and bonuses obtained in this competition.

12. modification: the arbitration commission may modify the judgment of the referee on the stage or the referee off the stage under the following circumstances:

(1) The referee on the stage made an obvious violation (you can use a video recorder when considering such issues).

(2) When the judgment of the judges under the stage is 5: 0 or 4: 1, and the judgment of the three judges under the stage is 3: 0, the arbitration commission cannot modify the judgment.

(III) Accepting the appeal: The appeal shall be submitted by the team leader to the arbitration commission in writing within half an hour after the end of the competition, and 800 yuan's appeal fee shall be paid. Once the appeal is successful, 40% of the appeal fee shall be refunded.