Were there "lottery tickets" in ancient times?

China lottery has a long history, and the earliest lottery casting method with lottery characteristics is probably the "Cai Meng" in Qin and Han Dynasties. The second year after Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, that is, in 205 BC, the first "colored man" appeared in Ganyang City, not far from the royal family. "Painter" neatly arranged 64 three-inch square paint boxes in a booth supported by four legs, which was about ten feet long and five feet wide. "Colorful objects" such as silver ornaments, jade ornaments and gold ornaments are all built in boxes, and some boxes are empty and have nothing. Before gambling, let the onlookers see the contents of the box first, and then pull up a curtain in front of the booth to cover their eyes. The "lottery" removed all the gold and silver in the box so as not to be remembered by the scheming bystander, the lottery, and won the prize in one fell swoop. Finally, the "colored man" covers each box with a piece of black linen cloth to prevent the color thrower from seeing whether there are colored objects in the box. After that, interested bidders can "bet" freely, five times (three boxes) each time, one silver and two yuan each time. That is, one or two pieces of silver can be cast five times. The highest lucky amount of the lottery winner is 10 silver, that is to say, if you are lucky, you can not only get colorful objects in the box, that is, gold and silver jade ornaments, but also get a high "bonus" according to the ratio of 1: 10. The latter is the key to people's great interest in lottery since ancient times! During the prosperous Tang Dynasty and Kaiyuan period, the streets and alleys of Chang 'an, the capital, were full of stalls and even gates. Citizens enjoy it tirelessly, just like guessing riddles, and want to try their luck. At that time, from dynasty to dynasty, soldiers and horses often wore plain cloth shoes to go for a ride to "choose colors". In the Song Dynasty, there were more gambling phenomena. Although it has not formed "industrialization", it is widespread in big cities and counties. Even when Hui Di and Qin Emperor were captured by the nomads from the Jin Dynasty, the lottery-makers along the Qinhuai River in Nanjing often made photocopies in the clear waves of the river. If the above-mentioned "lottery", "lottery" and "lottery number selection" have the nature of gambling, and the lottery is still in the embryonic stage of the people, then gambling has become an official lottery from the people during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, floods and famines occurred frequently in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, which affected the social stability and local taxation of the Qing government. As a result, Emperor Guangxu Qin Yun issued a large number of lottery tickets on the grounds that people in flood-stricken areas such as Jiangsu and Anhui were in urgent need of relief. In the 30th year of Guangxu, that is, A.D. 1904, Cen Chunxuan, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, raised as much as 3 million private funds by issuing lottery tickets, which were used to exploit mineral resources, build water conservancy projects and build railways. The color grid is divided into five grades: monochrome, bicolor, tricolor, and even five colors. The prize amount of the luckiest person is 1: 10000. That is to say, if you invest one or two pieces of silver, you can get 12 thousand lottery money if you win the first prize. The scale of winning the bid is mouth watering! As the saying goes, horses have no grass at night, and people have no money-the huge sum of money in the lottery encourages the speculative psychology of lottery players, lures thousands of people to try and then vote one after another. The lucky person who voted won the first prize, the second prize and the third prize, and became a "celebrity" in society and a target of public criticism. Many people who lost the big bet, as well as those gangsters who hid in the dark for money, began to target these rich people who won the lottery and became rich overnight. Therefore, from the beginning of lottery, even in the gestation stage of Tang and Song Dynasties, with its germination and birth, countless lottery cases appeared. Chen, a painter in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was killed on the fifth day of the third lunar month in the second year of Jianwu. This day is a day of offering sacrifices to God. People in Luoyang gathered in front of the altar to pray for the blessing of the dragon god and good weather. Suddenly, a flying horse came to report to Peng Yuchun, the official who presided over the "big sacrifice": a person was killed in front of the "Cai Meng" (lottery booth), and the blood was all over the street, which was terrible. Suddenly, people talked about it one after another: at sunrise, this terrible thing is blasphemy to the gods! ..... Peng Yuchun led the soldiers and horses to the scene of the accident. I saw a bloody body lying in front of a stall in Cai Meng, male, with a white face and a beard, about forty years old. Blood oozed from his neck ... obviously, he was killed by knives, axes and other sharp things. I checked the witnesses around and told the deceased that he was a relatively rich janitor not far from here, named Chen Ma, and this booth was also set up by Chen Ma. The crowd on the sidelines told Peng Yuchun: Earlier, a big man came to gamble on the lottery, but he missed the bet. Later, he used his quick wits to borrow money from the stall owner Chen Jiabiao. Chen lent him five taels of silver, but the man was unlucky and soon lost. The man seemed unwilling and borrowed money from Chen to buy lottery tickets. In view of the fact that the man borrowed it many times, Chen's words were rude, his manners were rude, and his temperament seemed abnormal. He never borrowed it again, so the two men had a dispute. In the quarrel, the more the man said, the more angry he became, and he took out his waist knife. It would be nice if Chen saw the situation and stepped down, but Chen insisted on reasoning with the man and called him a "donkey"! Scold the man go on the rampage, swoops down in the past, only a knife, then cut on the neck of the Chen code ... Priest officer Peng Yuchun looked at the stall, covered with coloring tools-dozens of paint boxes are intact, and the gold and silver ornaments in the boxes are also there, so that officials can guard the scene. Some soldiers quickly report to Luoyang county magistrate Yu Yan, and they trace the murderer all the way. Peng Yuchun quickly found out the whereabouts of the murderer. After the murder, running all the way, the man, fled to the front door of the richest man in Luoyang, and then disappeared ... Yu Yan, the magistrate of Luoyang, listened to Peng Yuchun's return and urged his men to conduct a comprehensive investigation, with the Yin family as the center. As a result, the murderer's name was He Guangzhou and he was hiding in Yin's house. The headache is that Yin, as the richest man in Luoyang, is not an ordinary person. He is the younger brother of Yin Lihua, the queen of light. He usually relies on the power of the emperor, is lawless and often does evil. What makes the people even more disgusted is that not only did Yin harm his own village, but his men also raised nearly 100 public servants. Some of these public servants do have martial arts and literary talent, but many of them are thieves. He Guangzhou, the murderer who killed Chen Jiabiao because of repeated arrests and defeats, is one of them. To Yan Yu's surprise, when he sent troops to search for He Guangzhou in Yinjiu House, the soldiers searched up and down, but they couldn't find him. Obviously, He Guangzhou secretly absconded with the permission and support of his master. As the days passed, Yu Yan, the magistrate of Luoyang County, repeatedly ordered his men to step up investigation, and sent people to sneak into the house with the chef as the "inside" to find out the absconding whereabouts of He Guangzhou, but day after day, month after month, two years passed, but there was no trace. The image of He Guangzhou disappeared from the earth. Just as the case was about to enter the dead volume, a message came from Zhangye County, Gansu Province. It is reported that Wei Liang, a local butcher who kills cattle and pigs for a living, was arrested and imprisoned on suspicion of murder for money. Wei Liang speaks with a Central Plains accent, but he doesn't say where he belongs. He only said that his parents died when he was a child. Because there are many cattle and sheep in the western regions and he is good at slaughtering skills, he went out to Yangguan in the west and made a living and made a fortune in Gansu. His wife, Li, revealed that her husband, Wei Liang, was from Luoyang. He traveled to western Xinjiang and arrived in Gansu due to an accident at home. Because he is big and skillful, she married this foreigner who is ten years older than her. It turns out that this person is He Guangzhou. According to the law of the Han people, killing people requires beheading. He Guangzhou was finally escorted back to Luoyang from Zhangye, and was beheaded at Zhenggongmen in the winter of 27 AD in the third year of Jianwu (Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty). Yu Yan hurt Yin Jiu's face and even hurt his relationship with Queen Yin Lihua, but Yu Yan was not afraid. He said, "It is difficult to treat without standing upright." Yu Yan's fair law enforcement has been highly praised by all the people in Luoyang, and thus left this eternal legal proverb: "With this sergeant, the sky will be restored, and it will not leak!" A shocking case occurred in Changsha, Hunan Province during the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty. Hua Dang, a student who became rich overnight in the west of the city, was killed, and his millions of property earned by lottery tickets were looted. The news shook Changsha city and even the whole land of Xiangjiang River. Hua Dang, 27, has been brilliant since he was a child, and his neighbors praised him as a child prodigy. Regrettably, Hua Dang often fails to catch up with the exams, as if heaven were playing tricks on him. Every time he faces the exam, he either has a cold and headache, or he vomits, so weak that he doesn't even have the strength to write in the venue. However, who would have thought that Hua Dang, who was frustrated in his scientific research career, became famous in Changsha's popular "lottery" wind. It turns out that the lottery in the Song Dynasty is a bit like the lottery in the Han Dynasty, and the lottery ticket is placed in a box. The difference is that the box used in the lottery in Song Dynasty is made of hard paper, and the box is divided into many compartments, in which there are paper rolls representing the lottery notes, that is, the lottery winning value. These are "lotto", that is, lottery tickets with high goals, so the risks are also great. Relatively speaking, "Xiao Cai", that is, some small and exquisite decorations, such as fake jade, fake jade bracelets and other imitations, are placed in the box grid. Because it is imitation jewelry, the price is naturally very low. Perhaps it's because Hua Dang is so smart that he repeatedly chooses lottery tickets and rarely makes mistakes. Therefore, he also has the nickname "Choose johanna", which means that he is a natural lottery number selection expert. Hua Dang became a famous "rich man" on both sides of Xiangjiang River overnight. It is this kind of easy money that makes him killed in his prime and his body lying in bed, shocking! After the incident, the Privy Council (the central body in charge of military affairs and supervision) ordered Ouyang Feng, the capital of Changsha, to solve the case quickly to prevent civil strife. Due to the drought, locust plague and flood in the last years of Ming Dow, Song Renzong, thieves ran rampant and the society was in chaos. After investigation, both parents died three years ago. After the mourning period, that is, when Hua Dang made a fortune by choosing lottery tickets, he married Hui Zhen, the wife of Fang Hongchu, an early policeman in this city (an official who specialized in catching criminals and thieves in coastal areas). Hua Dang was hit by heavy objects (hammers, axes and other crime tools) on the night of the sixth day of April, and his brain splashed and he died. Strangely, Fang, the wife of Hua Dang who knows the situation best at the scene, also disappeared. Fang Hongchu, an old catcher who has retired to his hometown in his 60s, was very shocked to hear this news, because he and his wife have only one daughter under their knees, and they love her like the apple of their eyes. Her daughter has been married to Huadang for less than a year. How come ... Ouyang Feng was full of doubts after checking the documents: Fang Hongchu was born as a catcher, but in any case, he would never kill the son-in-law of the young new rich. Then, could it be Hua Dang's wife, a bloody husband, and then run away for fear of sin and wealth? However, according to Fang's family and Hua Dang's neighbors, they were inseparable after marriage. At that time, Hua bought some cakes, food and clothes for Fang from time to time, which was very good to his wife. Moreover, Hua Dang is a man with extraordinary intelligence, good looks and good looks. How could she kill such a husband after the wedding? Ouyang Feng analyzed it for a long time and thought that the case was committed by people near Huadong, and its motive was nothing more than killing people for money. But from this theory, why can't Fang Sheng see people and die without bodies? Isn't that weird? After such reasoning, Ouyang Feng gradually focused the suspect of the case on Fang's disappearance. One day, Fang Hongchu came to the secret report that when her daughter was young, she had made childhood friends with Yang, the son of her former neighbor. Later, the Yang family moved to Yuelu Mountain. A few years ago, the Yang family also came to ask for relatives, but because her daughter had known Hua Dang for a long time, she declined politely. Now my daughter suddenly disappeared and my son-in-law was killed. Is that what he did? Hearing this, Ouyang Feng urgently ordered the son of Yang to appear in court. After Yang Qing appeared in court, he told Hui Zhen frankly that he was afraid to watch killing chickens since he was a child. He was a decent man. How dare he kill with his bare hands? The prisoners searched the residence of the Yang family and their relatives, but found no trace of Fang. At this moment, Ouyang Feng's counselor assistant Lin proposed: "It seems that someone killed Hua Dang and then took Fang away. If there is, it can't be found in this city. " He suggested searching all the missing men inside and outside the city, so as to find the murderer. Sure enough, Lin's investigation suggestions were quickly answered. -The day after the order was issued, Master Wu Chan, the abbot of Yuelu Mountain Temple, sent a report that a monk named Hui Zhen suddenly disappeared from the temple a few days ago. The day Cha disappeared was the day Hua Dang was killed! According to the address of the village where Hui Zhen lived before becoming a monk provided by Yuelu Mountain Temple, Ouyang Feng immediately found Huizhen's home in Wang Du Town, west of Changsha, and found a tearful peace party from his cellar. It turns out that when Hui Zhen was a child, he was rude and savage, causing trouble many times. His parents sent him to Yuelu Temple to become a monk, hoping that he could change from evil to good and return to the truth under the influence of the abbot's Buddhism. However, Hui Zhen is evil and hard to change. Although she recites the scriptures, whenever she sees a woman who worships Buddha and burns incense, she will dream. On that day, Mr. and Mrs. Hua Dang came to beg for incense, and the family said that Fang was like a fairy, so they couldn't help but have evil thoughts. After their pilgrimage to China, they followed them to Huadang's residence, killed Huadang and robbed Fang Huizhen ... The news that Hui Zhen was punished shocked Changsha. This case is not only the first case in which local monks have been brought to justice for evil deeds since ancient times, but also the first major case since the appearance of "color election" in Xiangjiang River. In the third year of Qing dynasty, the lottery line was stolen. Chen Huizu, a big family in Zhanjiang and Dongguan, Guangdong Province, read ancient books and was very knowledgeable. He suddenly had an association from reading history, and thought that it was a profitable way to make money by learning from the lottery habits in Qin and Han Dynasties and even in Tang and Song Dynasties. Therefore, he recruited Guangdong officials and even examiners, and listed the names of many candidates who had obtained the provincial examinations and took the examinations, and wrote them in thousands of paper rolls as a "color background". Of course, there are also "empty tickets", that is, "empty tickets" without the examiner's name-such tickets naturally cannot win the lottery. Due to Chen Huizu's deep pockets and the support of the government, and Chen Huizu's deep pockets, he is a local philanthropist, so Daoguang's three-year "Lotto" has gathered thousands of lottery players, which is unprecedented. Unfortunately, after the imperial examination was posted, many people got "white tickets", but too few people won, even "small tickets", which aroused public resentment, especially those big ticket holders who paid a lot of money for lottery tickets. Some people even claimed: "Kill Chen blood and hate!" On September 9th, on the Double Ninth Festival, Chen Hui's ancestors led more than 30 members of his family to worship their ancestors and sacrifice in Yaoshan Township, Qionghai, his hometown. On the way, a group of robbers suddenly appeared in the jungle, all armed with sticks and covered with black scarves, and only their eyes glared. Chen Yihang didn't guard against it, and Chen Huizu was immediately pulled out of the sedan chair by gangsters and hacked to death with a knife. His family shouted "Help", but he was in the wilderness, with no one to help, killing and injuring dozens of people, almost in no one lives. The only survivor is Wei Maoren, who lives in Chenhui Zugang. After being hit in the head by a gangster with a wooden stick, he fainted and was mistaken for dead, only to escape. When Wei Maoren woke up, it was already midnight. With the help of starlight and moonlight, he suddenly found a bus knife more than three feet long with sticky blood on it among twenty or thirty bodies. He immediately concluded that this blood blade must have been abandoned by the robber who killed his master's family because he fled and panicked ... Dongguan County Magistrate You Kun felt very strange after listening to Wei Maoren's story, because although Chen Huizu was rich, he did not treat people badly, and he often helped the victims in the years of famine and hunger. When the people have a good reputation for him, he wants to kill all his doors? You Kun personally led Li Li and other officials to the scene of the murder case in Shili Wuli, Haiyao Township, and made a thorough investigation of the scene and its surroundings, but found no clues to solve the case such as the remains. You Kun carefully observed the blood blade that Wei Maoren accidentally got from the scene and found that the bus knife was cast by a local blacksmith. He asked his men to call all the blacksmiths in the county to the county government and ask them to identify who cast it on the spot. Yang Muxing, the first recognizer, took the knife in his hand, looked up and down, and then said, "This knife is made by Chen Gong." Chen Gong, whose real name is Chen, is a veteran of the local blacksmith. He is nearly sixty years old, so this pedestrian respectfully calls him "Chen Gong". Chen took the knife and saw that it was indeed made by himself, because there was a special circular mark on the handle, which was not an insider and could not be seen. Pointing at the knife, Chen replied to the county magistrate You Kun: "This knife was called by Lin Yuning in the north street of the city west a month ago. Lin used to be a mountain thief. Later, because his mother was seriously ill, he abandoned evil and went home to serve his sick mother. But I don't know what he's doing with a knife. So he asked Lin why. Lin Yuning said that in the past, all knives were given to the government, but now they are bought only for protection. But the villain saw that he didn't want to tell the truth, so he laid a knife mold and asked him when quenching water. Do you still want to go back to your old job? He told me that he spent several hundred taels of silver on a lottery ticket and didn't win a single ticket. He really wants to kill people with a knife. Say, let me sharpen my knife ... "After investigation, Lin Yuning is indeed a bully in Dongguan. In the past, he made some ill-gotten gains by cutting roads, so there was a lot of money at home. Chen Huili, the first manager of the lottery (Chen Huizu's distant brother), was also investigated, which confirmed that Lin Yuning was indeed one of the "lottery winners" who invested the most money. However, what the county magistrate You Kun never expected was that when the suspect Lin Yuning was arrested, the Lin family was crying. It turned out that almost all Lin Yuning's family members died of a strange disease inexplicably. Three years ago, Lin Yuning's father felt numb and miserable at midnight. When Lin Yuning's mother Jia looked up, Lin's father died with a "ouch". According to Lin Yuning's neighbors, the night before yesterday, Lin Yuning went out with a big knife and her mother fell in front of the door. When the chefs carried her to bed, she was numb and miserable ... before everyone could find Lin Yuning, she gasped and died. Lin Yuning came home and saw her mother die of illness at the bedside. She couldn't help crying. She couldn't cry for a long time, frowning and crying all over. Without shouting, she fell limply to the ground and died. You Kun, the county magistrate, ordered the soldiers to search the Lin family and found bloody clothes and trousers. Further examination of Charing's body revealed blood between his fingers. And Lin's shoes, especially the heels of his shoes, also have blood ... At this point, Lin Yuning, one of the murderers who killed dozens of Chen Huizu's family in the lottery incident, is basically beyond doubt. But Lin is dead and can't be convicted. In order to investigate the case in depth, You Kun posted notices several times later, clearly announcing that Lin Yuning, the principal offender, was dead, and the rest of the criminals could be pardoned as long as they surrendered themselves ... But year after year, until the last year of Daoguang, that is, A.D. 185 1 year, when Emperor Xianfeng succeeded to the throne, You Kun was promoted to the magistrate of Liangzhou, and no one surrendered himself, leaving only layers of suffering. What's the gangster's name, where he lives, and why did he kill people with Lin Yuning? Today, the mystery of lottery in Qing Dynasty is still a mystery.