On the Advantages of Wuhan's Urban Development

Wuhan is located in the east of Jianghan Plain, where the middle reaches of the Yangtze River meet the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. East longitude11341'-1505', north latitude 29 58'-3122'. The eastern end is in Jiangjun Mountain, Liuhe Township, Xinzhou District, the western end is in Yaowan Village, Chenggong Township, caidian district, the southern end is in Liu Jun Bao Village, Hu Si Township, Jiangxia District, and the northern end is in Jiatian Village, Caidian Rural Section, huangpi district. The urban area consists of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang, separated by the river, commonly known as the three towns of Wuhan. It borders with Huangzhou, Ezhou, Daye, Xianning, Jiayu, Honghu, Xiantao, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Dawu, Hong 'an, Macheng and other 12 cities and counties in Hubei Province, and looks like a butterfly from west to east. In the economic geography circle of China, Wuhan is in a superior central position, within 700 kilometers from Changsha, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Nanchang, Jiujiang, Hefei and Nanjing, and within 200 kilometers from Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing and Xi 'an/KLOC-0. The express train will arrive in about 10 hour.

zone

The terrain of Wuhan is mainly plain, with a small number of low mountains, hills and hills.

Classification of flat plains, ridges, plains, hills and low mountains

Percentage 39.25% 42.56% 12.32% 5.85%

Plain: Located on the banks of the Yangtze River, the Han River and their tributaries and around lakes. It is the producing area of cotton and vegetables.

Longgang Plain: Located around the lake, in the transition zone from hills to plains, it is rich in rice and fish.

Hills: divided into three rows, all covered with trees.

Beilie: Distributed in Xinzhou District and northern huangpi district.

Middle column: through the city

Minami: Distributed in caidian district and the northern part of Jiangxia District.

Low mountain: mainly distributed in huangpi district and the northeast of Xinzhou District, with an altitude of 200-500m. The two peaks at the junction of huangpi district and Xiaogan are 873 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in Wuhan.

Climate environment

Wuhan has a subtropical humid monsoon climate with abundant rainfall and sunshine, and four distinct seasons. The overall climate is good. In recent 30 years, the average annual rainfall is 1.269mm, mostly in June-August. The annual average temperature is 15.8℃- 17.5℃, the annual frost-free period is generally 2 1 1 -272 days, and the annual total sunshine hours are1810-2/kloc-0.

river system

The water quality of five rivers in Wuhan, such as Yangtze River, Hanjiang River, Daoshui River, Yanshui River and Jushui River, has reached the environmental quality standard of surface water, and the water quality of suburban counties has basically reached the standard of natural drinking water. The huge water network with the urban area as the center and the Yangtze River as the trunk line ensures good forest vegetation and ecological environment. The Yangtze River enters Wuhan from Hannan District, flows from southwest to northeast, turns to southeast at Tianxingzhou, turns to northeast near Zuo Ling, and leaves at Tai Po in Xinzhou District, with a flow of 150.5km ... The Wuhan section of the Yangtze River has a large amount of water, with an annual average of 765.438 billion +m3, a long flood season and great water level changes. The river channel is relatively straight, but there are hills approaching the river bank, controlling and restraining the river channel, resulting in sandbars deposited in Tianxingzhou and Baishazhou. The narrowest part of the Yangtze River in Wuhan is located under the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, with a width of 1 100 m; The widest point is located in Qingshan town, with a width of 3880 meters. The Hanjiang River enters Wuhan from caidian district and joins the Yangtze River at Nan 'an Mouth. In Wuhan, the river bends in 22 places.

Regional area

Wuhan covers an area of 8467. 1 1 km2, accounting for 4.6% of the total land area of Hubei province. Wuhan belongs to Jianghan Plain, and most areas are below 50 meters above sea level. Huangpi and northern Xinzhou belong to the middle and low hilly areas, which are the continuation of Dabie Mountain. The water system develops from the northern hills to the south and flows into the Yangtze River. There are many lakes in the plain, and the terrain is low and flat. The modern alluvium is 30-50 meters thick and is a good agricultural area.

Natural resources and administrative divisions

Wu Hanyou is blessed with natural resources, which are rare in big cities at home and abroad. First, adequate water resources. There are many rivers, lakes and harbors in our city. The Yangtze River and Hanshui River meet in the city center, and the north and south tributaries meet at the confluence. Many large and small lakes are embedded on both sides of the river, forming a water network of lakes and swamps. The water area of the city is 2205.06 square kilometers, accounting for 25.79% of the total area of the city, ranking first among the big cities in China. The second is inexhaustible products and biological resources. Our city is called the land of plenty, with more than 240 kinds of food crops. 50 cash crops, * * *; Fish resources, *** 1 1 orders1/families, 88 species, aquatic animals, * * * 8 orders 14 families, 45 species. Third, rich mineral resources. At present, 38 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered in our city, including 24 kinds of proven reserves (excluding groundwater), accounting for 30.38% of the province's proven reserves. Accumulated proven reserves are 9,665,438+256,500 tons, and retained mineral reserves are 798,297,500 tons. Non-metallic mineral resources are very rich, mainly including timely sandstone for building materials, clay for bricks and tiles, limestone for ash making, limestone for flux and dolomite for metallurgy. Among them, the reserves of bentonite, metallurgical dolomite and glass timely sandstone rank first in the province, and the reserves of gypsum rank third in the province. There are 384 mineral deposits with proven reserves in the city, including 4 large mineral deposits, 4 medium mineral deposits 10, 43 small mineral deposits and 327 ore occurrences.

By the end of 2003, Wuhan had jurisdiction over Jiang 'an, Jianghan, Qiaokou, Hanyang, Wuchang, Qingshan, Hongshan, Caidian, Jiangxia, Huangpi, Xinzhou, Dongxihu and Hannan 13 districts. The first seven are central cities. It has jurisdiction over 108 sub-district offices, 2 1 town, 15 townships and 3 140 mass organizations, including 1 107 community neighborhood committees and 2033 villagers' committees.

Population size

At the end of 2003, the total registered population of the city was 78 1. 1.9 million, an increase of 1.7% over the end of last year. The male population is 4,029,900, accounting for 565,438 0.6%, an increase of 65,438 0.7% over the end of last year. ; The female population was 3.782 million, accounting for 48.4%, an increase of 1.7% over the end of last year. The agricultural population is 306. 265438+100000, a decrease of 0.8% over the previous year; The non-agricultural population was 4,749,800, an increase of 3.4% over the previous year. In 2003, the birth rate was 7. 16‰, the death rate was 5.0 1‰, and the natural growth rate was 2. 15‰. The net mobility is 15.99‰. The planned fertility rate is 98.80%.

traffic

Intercity traffic

Wuhan is located at the intersection of Jianghan and enjoys convenient water transportation. Ming and Qing dynasties were called thoroughfares of nine provinces. Modern Beijing-Han Railway and Guangdong-Han Railway were built one after another, making Wuhan one of the most important land and water transportation hubs in China.

Roads and railways

National Highway: National Highway 3 16, National Highway 3 18, National Highway 106 and National Highway 107 meet here.

Expressway: Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway and Han Shi Expressway meet here. Wu Hanyou Tianhe Airport Expressway and Wuhan Outer Ring Expressway.

Wuhan is one of the most important railway hubs in China, located at the intersection of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Handan Railway, Changjing Railway, Wujiu Railway and Wuma Railway. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway passes through the city, Beijing-Kowloon Railway passes through Xinzhou District in the northeast corner of the city, and Wuhan-Guangzhou Railway Passenger Dedicated Line and Hefei-Wuhan Express Railway are under construction. Wuchang Railway Station, Hankou Railway Station and Wuhan Railway Station under construction constitute Wuhan Passenger Transport Hub. Wuchang South Marshalling Yard, Jiang 'an West Marshalling Yard and Wuhan North Marshalling Yard under construction in the northern suburbs constitute Wuhan Freight Hub. There is Wuhan Railway Bureau, one of the national 18 railway bureaus (groups).

Most of the trains in Hankou Railway Station are northbound.

Wuchang Railway Station has more trains going south.

Air and water transport

Wuhan is the aviation center of Central China, with Wuhan Tianhe Airport, which is connected with Tianhe Airport at high speed in the urban area.

Wuhan is an important port of the Yangtze River. There are Wuhan Port and Yangluo Port. Wuhan Port is a transit station of the "golden waterway" of the Yangtze River. However, with the decline of the Yangtze River shipping, Wuhan Port has gradually changed its functions and become a long-distance bus station, with special tourist routes leading to the suburbs and long-distance passenger transport inside and outside the province. In recent years, the state and local governments have attached great importance to the development of the Yangtze River waterway, and the "golden waterway" has shown signs of recovery. The governments of Hubei Province and Wuhan City have also increased their investment in Wuhan Port. With the introduction of foreign capital from Hong Kong, the hardware facilities of Wuhan Port will have a qualitative leap in the next few years. There will be new berths for large ships (5000 tons) and modern oil booms to provide better transportation services for enterprises in development zones in Wuhan. This has also injected new vitality into the development of Wuhan.

urban communications

bridge

There are many bridges in Wuhan because of its unique geographical environment. From upstream to downstream, there are four highway bridges, namely Junshan Yangtze River Bridge (the fifth Yangtze River Bridge), Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge (the third Yangtze River Bridge), Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge (the first Yangtze River Bridge and the highway-railway bridge), Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge (the fourth Yangtze River Bridge and the highway-railway bridge are under construction), Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge (the sixth Yangtze River Bridge) and two highway-railway bridges. From upstream to downstream, there are five highway bridges and one railway bridge on the Hanshui River, namely Changfeng Bridge, Yinzhi Bridge, Railway Bridge, Yuehu Bridge, Jianghan Bridge and Qingchuan Bridge.

Buses and ferries

The earliest bus in Wuhan is the 1 bus from Shuangdun to Five Blessingg Road. Up to now, there are hundreds of bus lines and seven trolley bus lines with the prefix 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. In recent years, in order to implement the suburban bus integration project, Wuhan has opened a 4-digit suburban bus. However, because this project involves the interests of CMB owners in the suburbs, there are still many obstacles in its implementation.

In 2002, Wuhan Gonggong Transportation Group was established by Wuhan Gonggong Automobile Company, Wuhan Tram Company, Wuhan Ferry Company, Wuhan Taxi Company, Wuhan Automobile Ferry Management Office and Wuhan Bus Factory, and was officially listed in 2003.

Railway traffic

In 2000, after the state approved Changchun, Dalian, Wuhan and Chongqing as the first batch of light rail construction demonstration cities, Wuhan Rail Transit Company was established. At the end of 2000, the first phase of the project with an investment of 2199 million yuan and a total length of about 10 km was officially started. It was ready for trial operation at the end of 2003 and put into trial operation in July 2004. Due to short lines, high fares, inconvenient transfer and unreasonable lines, Wuhan Light Rail has a low passenger capacity during the trial operation and the initial stage of official operation. Later, Wuhan Rail Transit Company took price reduction measures to attract the public, but the effect was not obvious.

The planned future rail transit network in Wuhan consists of 7 lines with a total length of 222.8 kilometers. Except for 1 line Wujiashan to Zhijiao 30.5km light rail, the other six lines are subways. They are: Line 2, from Changqing Garden to Liu Fang, Line 39.8km3, Dunkou to Sanjintan, Line 32.2km4, Yong 'antang to Qingshan, 29.3km; Line 5, Qingshan to Qingling, 33 kilometers; Line 6, Laoguancun to Dijiao, 25.3km7, Gutian to Ye Zhi Road, 32.7km.. Among these seven lines, lines 2, 3 and 4 cross the two rivers and connect the three towns; 1 and Line 5 run through Hankou and Wuchang respectively. Line 6 connects Hankou, Hanyang Old Town and Houhu New District; Line 7 connects the northern part of Hankou and the southeastern part of Wuchang.

Cross-river tunnel

(under construction, started on October 28th, 2004/KLOC-0, with a total construction period of 45 months).

Wuhan Tunnel is the first tunnel crossing the Yangtze River, with a total length of about 3.6 kilometers (including ramp). Hankou's crossing point is near Jiangtan Park, Shengli Street has a right tunnel ramp, and Tianjin Road has a right tunnel ramp. Wuchang River crossing point is located on Heping Avenue, and Friendship Avenue is connected by four ramps. The project is a two-way four-lane highway tunnel with isolated left and right lanes, with a design service life of 100 years, which can resist the earthquake with magnitude 6 and the flood once every 300 years.