History of Qiu Jin

An admirable woman, I have read and written her biography, which is very admirable.

Qiu Jin (1875- 1907), a modern democratic revolutionary, was originally named Qiu Guijin, Xuanqing and Yugu. After dongdu, she changed her name to Jin, Ming, and called herself "Jianhu Girl" with a pen name. She used to use the pen name Bai Ping, whose ancestral home was in Zhejiang. Actively participated in the revolution, and successively participated in revolutionary organizations such as the underworld, Guangfu Association, and League. The liaison party failed in planning and coordinating the June 1 uprising. 1907, she and Xu Xilin organized the Guangfu Army, and planned to revolt in Zhejiang and Anhui at the same time on July 6th, but she was arrested. /kloc-died in Xuantingkou, Shaoxing in July of 0/5.

Strong rhythm (especially in jazz and rock music)

Qiu Jin was born in 1875 1 1.8 (October 11th, the first year of Guangxu). Born in Zhejiang (now Shaoxing), he was born in Ziyang Academy (Mr. Qi Temple) in Yunxiao County, Fujian Province. [7] Another 19 16 revision of Xiangxiang's "Family Tree of Southern Kings in Shangxiangcheng" contains: Sui Qiu, Zi Jin, Shou Nangong female. Mrs. Qing Haofeng was born in Shimao on October 11th, Guangxu three years, and died in Zhejiang on June 6th, Guangxu thirty-three years.

Qiu Jin sitting photos.

There is a tablet pavilion in Shanyin County where the West Lake is located. Son, Yuan De, FuFu half son put as heir. Female, Gui Fang. "

1894, when his father Qiu Jin was the general manager of Xiangxiang County, he betrothed Qiu Jin to Wang Tingjun, Ye He Town, Shuangfeng County. 1896, Qiu married Wang. Wang Tingjun opened a "Yiyuan Pawnshop" in Xiangtan, while Qiu Jin lived in Xiangtan and often went back to her husband's family.

When Qiu Jin was in the lotus leaf of her husband's family, she often interacted with Tang Qunying and Ge. "Like brothers and sisters, she often gets together, or drinks and writes poems, or plays the piano on the moon, or plays chess and talks." . Later, the three men were known as "Three Heroes of Xiaoxiang".

1In June, 897, Qiu Jin gave birth to her first child, King Yuan De.

1900, took over as Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and Qiu Jin went to Beijing with Wang. Soon, because of the war when Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing, he returned to his hometown of Lotus Leaf. The following year, the second child, Canzhi Wang, was born here. In the 29th year of Guangxu, Wang Tingjun went to Beijing to be reinstated, and Qiu Jin went with her daughter.

Revolutionary career

1In July, 904, she broke through the feudal shackles and went to Japan to study at her own expense, regardless of her husband Wang Tingjun's opposition. In Tokyo, she went to the Japanese workshop set up by the China Overseas Students' Association to study Japanese, and often attended the meetings of the Overseas Students' Association and the Zhejiang-Hunan Association, giving speeches on revolutionary national salvation and women's rights. [12] In addition to studying at school, Qiu Jin also made friends with people with lofty ideals among international students, such as Lu Xun, Tao, Huang Xing, Song and Chen Tianhua. During this period, Qiu Jin took an active part in the revolutionary activities of students studying in Japan, and once launched a * * * love meeting with Chen Xiefen as a group to carry out the women's movement; He and Liu Daoyi, Wang Shize and other ten people formed a secret meeting. In order to finally break the feudal shackles, he rebelled against the Qing court, restored the Central Plains, founded vernacular newspapers, and participated in the Hong Men Heaven and Earth Society, and was named "white paper fan" (strategist).

In the process of editing the Japanese monthly "Vernacular", Sun Yat-sen suggested that she could "use the propaganda tools based on this major to report current events and solve practical problems. The more direct and quick, the better the effect". Qiu Jin has always been committed to promoting women's rights and interests. She said, "Women's learning is not strong, and their ethnicity is not strong; If women's rights are weak, the country will be weak. " To achieve equality between men and women, "women should be knowledgeable and self-reliant, and don't give everything back to men." [13] "Imitate the example of European and American newsprint, take slang as the text, ... think that women are the leaders of obedient children". Under the pseudonym of "the woman who built the lake", she published articles in magazines such as The Benefits of Speech, A Letter to 200 Million Women Compatriots in China and A Letter to My Compatriots, attacking the ugliness of the feudal system, propagating women's rights and calling for saving the country. She wrote: "Ladies and gentlemen, you should know that it is impossible to rely on people in the world. You always want to do your own thing." At the beginning, those corrupt scholars said that "men are superior to women", "women without talents are virtue" and "husbands should be obedient to their wives"

Qiu Jin Memorial Statue

If we women are ambitious, we should call on our comrades to oppose it. ""But from now on, I still hope that our sisters can put aside everything in the past and go all out to do a good job in the future ... If we don't cheer ourselves up, it will be too late for the country to die. " Between the lines, full of passion for women's rights liberation. Join Castle Peak Training Girls' School in autumn and join the triads organized by Feng Ziyou in Yokohama.

After graduating from the Japanese workshop, I signed up for the specialized course of Qing Women's Accelerated Normal College affiliated to Tokyo Castle Peak Practical Girls' School, and immediately went back to China to raise money for further study. 1905, Qiu Jin returned to China. During the spring and summer, he met with Cai Yuanpei and Xu Xilin in Shanghai and Shaoxing respectively, and was introduced by Xu to attend the Guangfu Association. After Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin successively joined the Guangfu Association, the domestic revolutionary situation developed rapidly.

1In July, 905, Qiu Jin went to Japan again and soon entered Qingshan Practical Girls' School. Introduced by Feng Ziyou, he joined the league in Huangxing Apartment and was promoted to be a member of the appraisal department and a member of the Zhejiang main group. During her study in Japan, she wrote many revolutionary poems and said passionately, "How dare you feel sorry for yourself in such a dangerous situation?" ? I am willing to sacrifice my life. ""If you fight for a hundred thousand heads of blood, you must save Li Kun. "

1906, in protest against the Japanese government's regulations prohibiting foreign students, he angrily returned to China and founded the Chinese Public School in Shanghai. First, I took a substitute class at Shaoxing girls' school. In March, she went to teach at Xunxi Girls' School in Nanxun Town, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Xu, who is in charge of education affairs, and Xu Shuangyun, a student, also joined the organization. I left for Shanghai in the summer vacation, together with Yin Ruizhi and Chen Boping, and in the name of "Ruijin Society", I contacted Aojiaxiong and Lv Xiongxiang to join the party along the Yangtze River and prepare for the uprising. After the Pingyi Uprising, she and Yang, Ning Diaoyuan and other members of the League sought responses in the provinces of the Yangtze River basin and served as the initiator in Zhejiang. After arriving in Hangzhou, it was agreed with Xu Xilin, who was about to go to Anhui, that it would be launched simultaneously in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. At this time, she also developed many people in the new army of Hangzhou, such as Lu and Zhu Rui, to participate in the League and the Guangfu Association. Soon, the Pingyi uprising failed, and the response to the uprising came to an end.

In autumn and winter of the same year, in order to raise funds for China Women's Daily, I went back to Lotus Leaf's husband's house, took a sum of money from his husband's house, bid farewell to my family, and broke off family relations. In fact, Qiu Jin "decided to be afraid of implicating his family after the revolution, so he left home to hide his eyes and ears."

190765438+1October 14, China Women's Daily was founded. Qiu Jin wrote an article advocating women's rights and propagating revolution. With the aim of "opening up the atmosphere, advocating women's education, uniting feelings and forming organizations, and creating a foundation for China Women's Federation in one day". He also wrote a "preface" for the newspaper, calling on the female group to "be driven away before the lion wakes up" and "become the forerunner of civilization".

Give one's life fearlessly

Xuan returned to Shaoxing for his mother's funeral, and Qiu Jin contacted the parties in Zhuji, Yiwu, Jinhua and Lanxi successively. At this time, Datong school was not in charge, but was invited to preside over the school affairs in the name of a director. Based on the school, he continued to send people to contact the parties all over Zhejiang. He traveled back and forth between Hangzhou and Shanghai to prepare for the uprising. She secretly compiled the military system of the recovery, and drafted the campaign and notice, agreeing to start with the Jinhua Uprising before the country resounded.

Statue of Qiu Jin in Nvjie Square, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province

We should lure the Qing army to attack from Hangzhou, and then cross the river from Shaoxing to attack Hangzhou. If it fails, it will return to Shaoxing, and then enter Jiangxi and Anhui through Jinhua and Chuzhou, echoing Xu Xilin from afar. The uprising was originally scheduled for1July 6, 907, and later changed to1June 9, 9.

1On July 6th, 907, Xu Xilin failed in Anqing Uprising, and Qiu Jin was implicated in the confession of his brother Xu Wei.

In July 1907, 10, she learned the news of Xu's failure, but refused all advice to leave Shaoxing, saying that "the revolution can only succeed if it bleeds." She dismissed everyone and decided to stay in Datong school. /kloc-On the afternoon of 0/4, the Qing army surrounded Datong School and Qiu Jin was arrested. She is determined not to confess, but to write "autumn wind and autumn rain are sad."

1907 15 In the early morning of July, Qiu Jin died in Xuantingkou, Shaoxing at the age of 32.

Major achievements

From 65438 to 0904, Qiu Jin actively participated in activities, preached revolution and women's rights, founded women's sports teams, held secret meetings and founded vernacular newspapers, which played a pioneering role in the democratic revolution and women's liberation.

From 65438 to 0905, Qiu Jin was in charge of the revolutionary development in Zhejiang Province, paving the way for the revolutionary propaganda of China League in Zhejiang Province.

1906, Qiu Jin expanded the league members twice on a large scale, and since then many league members have become the backbone of the league members; Undertake the preparatory work for the uprising along the Yangtze River and make contributions to the revolutionary work of the League.

From 65438 to 0907, Qiu Jin founded China Women's Newspaper, which had a great social influence in the history of women's movement in China. He has always been responsible for the uprising work in various parts of Zhejiang, rectifying the military system, agreeing to complete the great cause of revolutionary uprising and shouldering the heavy responsibility for the revolutionary work of the League.

postscript

After Qiu Jin was killed, no one dared to accept the body, and the China newspaper "lost all its voice". Before he died, his friends Lv Bicheng and Wu Zhiying managed to steal his body and bury it.

1908, Wu Zhiying, a former friend, buried his body beside Xiling Bridge in Hangzhou West Lake. Due to the court's forced relocation, his son Wang Yuande moved his tomb to Zhaoshan, Xiangtan in the autumn of the first year of Xuantong (1909).

19 12 years, Hunan people built the Qiu Jin Martyrs' Temple in Changsha, and Hunan and Zhejiang provinces agreed to send their bodies to Zhejiang and rebury the original cemetery of West Lake. Later generations compiled Qiu Jin Collection.

Qiu Jin went to the theatre.

Qiu Jin's most shocking move in Beijing was "going to the theatre". At that time, all the women in Zhaimen listened to the "church meeting" at home, so it was impossible to show their faces in the theater, and the theater did not sell tickets for "Kunke". Qiu Jin went to the opera in a western-style carriage, which pioneered the entry of upper-class women into the theater.

conjugal relation

Qiu Jin was born in Xiamen, Fujian and grew up in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. 1895 years old, she followed her father Qiu Shounan, an official, to Xiangtan County, Hunan Province. Qiu Shounan met Wang Diancheng, the richest man in Xiangtan and Zeng Guofan's cousin. Seeing that Qiu Jin was beautiful, dignified, smart and lovely, Wang asked the matchmaker to send a gift to his son to propose marriage. Qiu Jin was not satisfied with this marriage, but in feudal society, children's marriage could only be done according to parents' orders and matchmakers' words. 1On April 20th, 896, Qiu Jin was greeted by colorful sedan chairs of the Wangs.

Although Wang Jiafu was extravagant, Qiu Jin, who was lofty and strong-willed, didn't like the pampered life and couldn't stand the bondage of feudal families. Her husband, Wang Tingjun, is two years younger than himself and has nothing in common with him in hobbies. She sighed: "Qin and harp have different tastes, but the couple don't get along very well." Wang Tingjun is not good at reading, and he doesn't do his business. He idles, eats, drinks and plays every day. At that time, at the end of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government and Japan signed the "treaty of shimonoseki", which was strongly opposed by the people all over the country. Qiu Jin often advised her husband, "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. You should study hard, think about the future prosperity of the country and think about your personal future. " However, Wang Tingjun said, "The imperial court can only cede land for compensation, and we ordinary people have no responsibility." On another occasion, they talked about Tan Sitong, and Qiu Jin praised him for dying for the benefit of the country and the nation. He is a great reformer. On the other hand, Wang Tingjun cursed Tan Sitong as a scum of China disorderly party and scholars. In order not to compromise, they almost quarreled. Qiu Jin was in great pain. She wrote in a poem: "Poor thing, don't marry Bao to join the army." Expressed her dissatisfaction with Wang Tingjun.

Qiu Jin spent six or seven years in the lotus pond and Xiangtan, Hunan Province, and gave birth to a son and a daughter. Although Wang Jiasheng has a good life, he has nothing in common with the people around him and is extremely depressed. Emotionally, she tried her best to exclude Wang Tingjun and scoffed at his words and deeds. The latter was repeatedly left out in the cold, unable to compete, so he found another gentle hometown, lingered in the Chu Museum, and climbed high to advocate smelting leaves. The world used to be strange, but people often hold double standards when commenting on the same thing. Wang Tingjun is not a great revolutionary like Cai Songpo, nor is he a handsome celebrity Su Like Schumann. He slept with Liuliu, and his affair became obscene.

Qiu Jin detests evil, and dislikes the vulgar custom of men keeping concubines and the lewdness of prostitutes on weekdays. According to Feng Ziyou's Anecdotal History of the Revolution, Chen Fan, a native of Hunan, was rich and took his second concubine powder and Fang Xin to Japan to have tea and read foreign books, which was very pleasant. How can Qiu Jin get used to his virtue? She thinks that the arrogance of Chen Fan's concubinage has tarnished the reputation of her compatriots, so she tries her best to help Xiangfen and Fang Xin get rid of Chen Fan's control and become independent from now on. Later, cynical Chen Fan betrothed her daughter Chen Xiefen to Liao, a wealthy businessman in Guangdong, and Qiu Jin publicly opposed it and ruined the marriage. According to Xu's "Anecdote of Qiu Jin", on one occasion, when they were traveling together in Shanghai and having a tea nap, Qiu Jin saw an international student coming by car with a child prostitute. She is so frivolous in this beautiful land that she can't stand it. She immediately went forward and gave him a good lesson in Japanese. The man was very clever and left soon. Seeing this, Xu could not help joking that Qiu Jin's wanton intervention was "a real disaster". Qiu Jin readily replied: "I am like a fish in my throat. I can't spit quickly!"

1903, the Wangs donated a householder position for Wang Tingjun in Beijing, and Qiu Jin moved to Beijing with her husband and lived in Rope Craftsman Hutong. When Qiu Jin first arrived in Beijing, he was a stranger and unaccustomed to life. He often sighs: "Because he lives in seclusion, he has few bosom friends and people feel bored." Later, she moved to Nanban Street Hutong, where she met Wu Zhiying, the wife of Wang Tingjun colleague Lian Quan. Mr. and Mrs. Wu are more open-minded and admire Dr. Sun Yat-sen. They are very accomplished in literature and calligraphy. Qiu and Wu soon became bosom friends.

Qiu Jin's revolutionary ambition and ideal not only failed to get her husband's understanding and support, but was reprimanded by her husband: "This is a man's business. Don't think about it." Qiu Jin did not show weakness: "I want to seek the truth, and women also have the responsibility to save the country and the people." The two men quarreled with each other. Wang Tingjun knew that Qiu Jin was a stubborn woman, and it was impossible to persuade her. She had to take despicable measures, stole all her jewelry and savings in Qiu Jin, in an attempt to stop her from going to Japan. Qiu Jin said angrily, "You can steal my money, but you can't restrain my determination to study abroad." Qiu Jin sold his remaining property and clothes, and with the support of Wu Zhiying and others, he went to Japan alone on April 1904, taking a crucial step in his life.

In Japan, Qiu Jin made friends with many young people who were motivated to explore the revolutionary truth, organized "* * * Love Society", joined the secret anti-Qing group "Three Youth League", met with Sun Yat-sen, joined the League with Huang Xing, Yu Peilun and others, and actively ran for saving the country and the people. For these, Wang Tingjun has heard and strongly opposed them, and the distance between their thoughts is getting farther and farther. Qiu Jin has been in Japan for three years, and they have never written to each other. The relationship between husband and wife exists in name only. /kloc-in the winter of 0/906, Qiu Jin heard the news of Wang Tingjun's concubinage, but when he was happy, he felt separated from Wang Tingjun.

Qiu Jin image

The reason for the relationship. So she wrote a letter to her eldest brother Qiu, asking him to handle the divorce on his behalf. Qiu ran several times, but the divorce failed because of her obstruction.

1907 Spring, Qiu Jin returned from Japan. In order to contact the Guangfu Association, Hongjiang Association and plan the Pingli Uprising, she disguised as a man and went to Changsha to live with a friend. People call her "Uncle Qiu". At that time, she went to Wang Tingjun's house to visit her children. The Wangs thought that she had come back from the end of the road, changed their minds, received her warmly, and hoped to marry his wife for the second time. But she was spying in case she ran away again. Qiu Jin made an excuse to go out to the theatre, slipped out through the back door and took a boat along the Xiangjiang River. Qiu Jin's trip to Xiangtan was her farewell to the Wangs.

Qiu Jin's complete works, such as the poem "I'm going to Shanghai to send dust" (four chapters): "When I left, I was given a new poem, which is more important to your family: I wouldn't be a ninja if I didn't sing" Yangguan ",and I was sad because it was useless. Explanation:1In May, 906, Qiu Jin left Xunxi Girls' School and went to Shanghai. When he left, Xu and his classmates sent him to the river. When leaving, Qiu Jin wrote these four poems, and his sister Xu also wrote a farewell poem. Another example is the poem "Ancient Meaning": "No one in the Golden House sees tears, and it is like a dream. The autumn wind donates fans, and the snow falls on the earth and abandons his wife. " Commentary: 1903 After the summer, Qiu Jin and her husband Wang Tingjun often clashed, and Qiu Jin left in a fit of pique. Wang Tingjun wants to marry a concubine, but Qiu Jin certainly opposes it. Her heart ached and she felt abandoned. This poem expresses her sad mood through ancient meaning.

1907, in order to effectively publicize women's liberation and mobilize women to unite and take part in the struggle, she decided to set up a magazine-China Women's Daily, which is convenient for ordinary women to read, and proposed that the founding purpose was to "open up the atmosphere, advocate women's studies, unite feelings, form groups, establish the foundation of China Women's Federation and create another day".

Qiu Jin devoted a lot of energy to this issue, and published articles and poems in these two issues, such as China Women's Reports, Dear Sisters, Nursing Tutorial and Encouraging Women's Rights. She said in the article "Your Sisters":

"alas! 200,000 men have entered the new civilized world, and my 200,000 female compatriots are still sinking in eighteen layers of hell and don't want to climb up. Small feet and bare hair; Flower, bud, tie, embed and wear; Silk, satin, rolling, coiling and finishing; The powder is white and the fat is red. I only know that I rely on men all my life, and I rely on men for food and clothing. Children who are soft and smooth, angry and abusive are bored, and tears often drip down. Life is a stuttering knot: a prisoner for life, an ox and a horse for half a life. I want to ask my sisters, have you ever eaten some freedom and happiness in your life? "

She was saddened by the fact that the majority of women had not realized at that time, and hoped that women would not be content with their fate, but determined to gain the ability of economic self-reliance in order to get rid of slavery and fight for women's rights. It is said that after reading these articles, many women were moved to tears and began to think deeply.

Qiu Jin attached great importance to women's unity and struggle, and she tried to set up China Women's Newspaper as the basis of "uniting feelings, forming a group and creating China Women's Federation for another day". She also closely linked the feminist struggle with the liberation of the whole country and nation, and called on women to share the responsibility with men in the struggle to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.

As a pioneer of the feminist movement, she called on women to "liberate", participate in the anti-Qing revolutionary struggle and create "natural hands" in the cause of national liberation.

After the publication of the second issue of China Women's Newspaper in March of that year, Qiu Jin was busy preparing for the armed uprising and had to drop out of school because of financial difficulties. /kloc-in June of 0/7, she said in a letter to a friend that the edited third issue of the magazine "will be printed about this month". But in July of 13, Qiu Jin was arrested because of the failure of the armed uprising, and was killed by the Qing court in Xuantingkou, Shaoxing, at the age of 3 1. Although China Women's Daily was only published twice, it had a great social impact and left a glorious page in the history of women's movement in China.