Zhang Yi's Historical Story

Zhang Yi is a native of Wei Anyi and a descendant of Wei nobles. She was Lian Heng's first diplomatic strategy, lobbying for Qin. In the state of Qin, King Hui of Qin founded Zhang Yi as the phase. Later, after the death of King Hui of Qin, Qin Wuwang acceded to the throne, and Zhang Yi fled from Wei, became Wei Xiang, and died a year later. After Zhang Yi finished her studies, she went to lobby the governors. On one occasion, he accompanied the minister of Chu to drink. During the dinner, Chu Xiang lost a piece of jade. The guests suspected that Zhang Yi had taken it, so they said, "Zhang Yi is poor and despicable. He must have stolen the jade of the Prime Minister. " Let's take a look at Zhang Yi's historical story.

Be humiliated and vote for Qin.

Zhang Yi is wei ren. At the beginning, I studied with Mr. Guiguzi with Su Qin and learned the art of lobbying. Su Qin thinks he is not as talented as Zhang Yi. After Yi Cheung and Su Qin completed their studies, they went to lobby the governors. Later, Su Qin persuaded him to lobby the governors of various countries to implement a vertical alliance, but he was worried that Qin would take the opportunity to attack the vassal States, and the Covenant would be destroyed before it was concluded. Su Qin thought twice and couldn't find a suitable candidate to be sent to the State of Qin to work for him, so he sent someone to quietly persuade Yi Cheung to come to him.

So Zhang Yi went to Zhao, presented a famous card and asked to see Su Qin. However, Su Qin ignored Yi Cheung and only brought food to the servants and maids. He also humiliated Zhang Yi in public, saying that Zhang Yi was so talented that he was not worth taking in, so he sent Zhang Yi away. Zhang Yi came to see Su Qin this time, thinking that she was an old friend and could benefit from it. But he was humiliated instead. In a rage, he thought that only Qin could threaten Zhao, so he went to Qin.

After Zhang Yi left, Su Qin secretly sent someone to help Zhang Yi reach the State of Qin and help him meet King Hui of Qin. In the tenth year of Qin Huiwen (the first 328 years), King Hui of Qin took Zhang Yi as a guest and discussed with him the plan to attack the governors of various countries. At this time, people who helped Zhang Yi said that Su Qin deliberately angered him for Zhang Yi's better development in the future.

Zhang Yi said: "Alas, these tactics were originally within the scope of my study. I didn't expect that I was not as clever as Teacher Su!" Besides, I have just been appointed, how can I plot to attack Zhao? Please thank Mr. Su for me. How dare I, Zhang Yi, talk about attacking Zhao when Mr. Su is in power? "

Ren Xiang of Qin State.

In the tenth year of Qin Huiwen (the first 328 years), Gongzi Hua and Zhang Yi of the Qin school besieged Wei Puyang and captured Puyang. Zhang Yi took the opportunity to persuade Qin Huiwang to return Puyang to Wei and send her son to Wei as a hostage. Zhang Yi also took the opportunity to persuade Wei Wangdao: "Qin is so generous to Wei, and Wei should reciprocate."

Wei then dedicated the fifteen counties of Heshaoliang to Qin to thank King Hui of Qin. So King Hui of Qin appointed Zhang Yi as Xiang (the ancient official name), the head of the hundred officials, to participate in military, political and diplomatic activities.

In the 13th year of Qin Huiwen (325 BC), in April of the lunar calendar, Wei Xiangwang and Han Xuanhui respected each other as kings in order to fight against the State of Qin. So King Hui of Qin sent Zhang Yi as a crusade, occupied Shaanxi (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province) of Wei State, and handed over all the Ren Wei there to Wei State. King Hui of Qin ordered Zhang Yi to build a fortress in Shang Jun.

In the 14th year of Qin Huiwen (324 BC), Zhang Yi officially became the King of Qin and was renamed the first year of Qin.

In the second year of King Hui of Qin (323 BC), King Hui of Qin sent Zhang Yi to form an alliance with Prime Minister Qi and Chu in Sang Mu (place name).

Guo Wei Ren Xiang

Zhang Yi returned to the State of Qin from Sang Mu and was relieved of his post.

In the third year of King Hui of Qin (322 BC), for the benefit of Qin, Zhang Yi went to Wei as Minister of State, intending to let Wei serve Qin first and let other vassal states follow suit. Wei Huiwang refused to accept Zhang Yi's suggestion. King Hui of Qin was furious and immediately sent troops to pacify Quwo and Zhou Ping of Wei, secretly giving Zhang Yi more favorable treatment. Zhang Yi felt ashamed and felt that there was nothing to repay King Hui of Qin.

In the sixth year of Qin Wanghui (the first 3 19), Wei Huiwang died and Wei Xiangwang acceded to the throne. Yi cheung persuaded Wei Xiangwang again, but Wei Xiangwang wouldn't listen. Therefore, Zhang Yi secretly asked Qin to attack Wei. Wei fought with Qin, and Wei was defeated.

In the seventh year of King Hui of Qin (the first 3 18), Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan and Qi led the Huns to attack Qin, and Qin fought back, defeating the soldiers sent by the gods of Han, with 80,000 officers and men. The governors were shocked and scared.

In the eighth year of Qin Dynasty (3 17), Zhang Yi once again lobbied to withdraw from the League Covenant and serve the State of Qin. Therefore, Wei announced his withdrawal from the North-South Alliance, and let Zhang Yi be the middleman to reconcile with Qin. Zhang Yi returned to the State of Qin and re-appointed as Minister of State. In the year of Qin Jiu (3 16), King Huiwen of Qin sent Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo to rescue Shu and took the opportunity to annex it. Zhang Yi coveted the wealth of Pakistan, captured Pakistan, captured the king of Pakistan, established Ba County, Shu County and Hanzhong County, and divided the land of the three counties into thirty-one counties. And build a city in Jiangzhou. In the 11th year of King Hui of Qin (3 14 BC), Wei broke the covenant of Qin's joining the League. Qin sent troops to attack Wei and captured Quwo. In the twelfth year of King Hui of Qin (3 13), Wei served Qin again.

Zhang Yi plays Chu.

In the 12th year of King Hui of Qin (3 13 BC), Qin wanted to attack Qi, but worried that Qi and Chu had already concluded a vertical alliance, so he sent Zhang Yi to Chu to lobby Chu Huaiwang.

When Chu Huaiwang heard that Zhang Yi was coming, he vacated a good hotel and personally arranged for him to stay in it. He said, "This is a distant and humble country. What can you teach me? "

Zhang Yi lobbied Chu Huaiwang, saying, "If the king really follows my advice, he will sever ties with Qi and cancel the Covenant. I asked the king of Qin to give up 600 miles of land in this area and let the women of Qin serve the king as concubines. If Qin and Chu get married, they will always be brother countries. This will weaken Qi in the north and benefit Qin in the west. There is no better strategy. "

Chu Huaiwang is glad to agree with Yi Cheung. Ministers came to congratulate Chu Huaiwang, but Qiu Chen advised Chu Huaiwang not to trust Zhang Yi. Chu Huaiwang said, "I hope Mr. Chen will shut up and stop talking until I get the land."

Therefore, Chu broke off relations with Qi and abolished the covenant. Chu Huaiwang gave Zhang Yi the State Seal of Chu, as well as a large amount of property, and sent a general to follow Zhang Yi to the State of Qin to receive the land.

Zhang Yi returned to the State of Qin, pretended not to catch the rope in the car, and fell off the car and was injured. He didn't go to court for three consecutive months. Chu Huaiwang listened and said, "Is it because I broke off diplomatic relations with Qi?" They sent warriors to Song State, borrowed Jeff from Song State (a document of the ancient imperial court in China), and went to Qi State in the north to insult Qi Xuanwang. Qi Xuanwang was very angry and cut off Jeff's friendship with Qin.

After the establishment of diplomatic relations between Qin and Qi, Zhang Yi went to court. Zhang Yi said to the envoy of the State of Chu, "I have a six-mile fief given by the king of Qin, and I would like to dedicate it to the king of Chu." The messenger of Chu said, "I was ordered by the king of Chu to accept the land where the merchants were located for 600 miles." I have never heard of Liuli. "

The emissary of Chu returned to Chu and told Chu Huaiwang what Zhang Yi said. In a rage, Chu Huaiwang rose up and attacked Qin. As a result, Qin and Qi both attacked Chu and seized land in Danyang and Hanzhong. Chu sent troops to attack Qin again, and the Chu army was defeated, so Chu ceded two cities and concluded a peace treaty with Qin, ending the state of war.

Prisoner Chu

In the 14th year of King Hui of Qin (365,438+065,438+0 years ago), the State of Qin threatened the State of Chu and wanted to get the land in the middle of Guizhou and exchange it with the land outside Wuguan.

Chu Huaiwang said, "I don't want to exchange land. As long as I get Zhang Yi, I am willing to give it to central Guizhou. "

King Hui of Qin wanted to send Zhang Yi, but he couldn't bear to say anything. Zhang Yi volunteered to go. Qin Huiwang said: "The king of Chu was very angry because Mr. Wang broke his promise to give the land to the businessman. This is to get back at you. " Zhang Yi said, "Qin is strong, Chu is weak. I have a good relationship with Dr. Chu from Shanxi Province. Shanxi merchants can flatter Zheng Xiu, the wife of the king of Chu, and the king of Chu does whatever Zheng Xiu says. Besides, I was sent to Chu on orders from the king of Chu. How dare the king of Chu kill me? If you kill me, it is my highest wish to get the land in the middle of Guizhou for Qin. "

So Zhang Yi went to Chu State. On his arrival, Chu Huaiwang imprisoned Zhang Yi and tried to kill him.

Shanxi merchants said to Zheng Xiu, "Do you know that you will be looked down upon by the king?"

Zheng Xiu said, "Why?"

Shanxi merchants said, "The King of Qin loves Zhang Yi very much and intends to rescue him from the prison. Now he wants to bribe Chu with the land of six counties in Shang Yong, marry the beautiful woman to the king of Chu, and take the woman who sings well in the palace as his dowry. When the King of Chu valued the land, he would respect the State of Qin. The beauty of Qin must be loved and respected, so that his wife will be despised. It is better to intercede for Zhang Yi and let him out of prison. "

So Zheng Xiu pleaded for Chu Huaiwang day and night, saying, "As courtiers, they each served their country. Now that the land has not been handed over to the state of Qin, the king of Qin sent Zhang Yi, and his respect for the king reached the extreme. The king of Qi killed Zhang Yi and didn't return the gift. The king of Qin must be furious and send troops to attack Chu. I ask our mother and son to move to Jiangnan, and don't let Qin bully the weak and fear the hard like fish. "

Chu Huaiwang regretted imprisoning Zhang Yi, so he pardoned Zhang Yi and treated him as generously as before.

Lobbying the country

1. Lobbying the King of Chu

In the 14th year of Qin Dynasty (3 1 1 years ago), Zhang Yi did not leave Chu immediately after she was released from prison, but went to lobby again.

Zhang Yi suggested to Chu Huaiwang that the king of Qin should not be in the middle of Guizhou, so that he could send a prince to the State of Chu as a hostage, and the State of Chu would send a prince to the State of Qin as a hostage, and the daughter of the king of Qin would serve Chu Huaiwang as a concubine, so that the two countries would always be brothers and neighbors and would not compete with each other.

At this time, although Zhang Yi was obtained, it was difficult to give the land in Guizhou to Qin. He wanted to agree with Zhang Yi's suggestion.

Qu Yuan objected, "Last time the King was deceived by Zhang Yi, Zhang Yi came to Chu. I think the king will boil him to death with a tripod (two ancient cooking utensils, tripod and wok). Now that he has been released, he can't bear to kill him, but he still listens to his bad words. This will not do. "

Chu Huaiwang said: "It is a good thing to agree to Zhang Yi's suggestion to save the land in central Guizhou. You promised him, but you turned your back on him This will not do. "

Finally, I agreed to Zhang Yi's suggestion, deviated from the "alliance" and formed an alliance with Qin.

2. Lobbying the King of Korea

When Zhang Yi left the State of Chu, she took this opportunity to go to Korea to lobby King Han Xuanhui, saying, "The terrain in Korea is dangerous. If the King of Qi does not join the State of Qin, the State of Qin will send troops to occupy Yiyang, cut off Shangdang area in South Korea, and then take the elevation and Xingyang to the east. Then Hongtai's palace and mulberry garden no longer belong to the king. If the elevation is blocked, Shangdang area is cut off, and the king's land will be divided. It is safe to enter Qin early, but it is dangerous not to enter Qin. If you create a disaster and want to be blessed, your plan is shallow and your hatred is deep. If you disobey Qin and obey Chu, it is impossible for the country to survive. So I plan for the king, and I might as well work for Qin. Qin's greatest hope is to weaken Chu, and South Korea can weaken Chu most. Not because South Korea is stronger than Chu, but because of its terrain. Now, the king wants to go west to the state of Qin and attack the state of Chu. The king of Qin will be happy. Attacking Chu is conducive to South Korea's territorial expansion, shifting the scourge and pleasing Qin. There is no better idea than this. "

King Han Xuanhui listened to Zhang Yi's idea. Yi cheung returned to the state of Qin and made a report. King Hui of Qin gave five cities to Zhang Yi and named him Wu Xinjun.

3. Lobbying the King of Qi

In the 14th year of Qin Dynasty (365,438+065,438+0 years ago), Qin sent Zhang Yi to the East to lobby the King of Qi, saying, "No country in the world is stronger than Qi, and all the officials and their fathers and brothers are prosperous and happy. However, those who advise the king and advocate unity are all for temporary joy, regardless of the long-term interests of the country. Now both Qin and Chu have married women and become brothers and allies. Han Ciyiyang, Wei Cihe, Zhao worshipped the king of Qin in Mianchi, and ceded Hejian to serve Qin. If the King of Qi refuses to serve Qin, Qin will drive Korea and Wei to attack Qi 'nan, and Zhao Dajun will all go through the customs, cross the Qinghe River, point to and Lintong, and Jimo will no longer be owned by the King of Qi. Once the country is attacked, even if you want to serve Qin, it is impossible. I hope your majesty will consider it carefully. "

King Qi Zhuo said: "Qi is remote and backward, and is located on the coast of the East China Sea. It has never heard of the long-term interests of the country. " I agreed with Zhang Yi's suggestion.

4. Lobbying the Prince of Zhao

Zhang Yi left the State of Qi and went west to the State of Zhao, lobbying King Wuling of Zhao to say, "Now the State of Qin has met the armies of Qi, South Korea and Wei, and is going to attack the State of Zhao. So I dare not hide the truth, tell the king's cronies first. Personally, I think for the King, it is better to meet the King of Qin in Mianchi, face to face, and verbally agree that he should stay put and not attack. I hope the king can make up his mind. "

King Wuling of Zhao agreed to Zhang Yi's suggestion, and Zhang Yi left.

Lobbying the prince

Zhang Yi went north to Yan State and lobbied: "The nearest country is Zhao. Zhao Xiangzi is cruel and perverse, and no one can recognize him. The king has clear knowledge. Do you still think Zhao Can is near? Zhao sent troops to attack Yan, besieged the capital of Yan twice and hijacked Qi Wang, who even ceded ten cities to apologize to him. Today, Zhao gave the land around Hejian to Qin. Now, if the King of Qi doesn't serve the State of Qin, the State of Qin will send troops down to the clouds and Jiuyuan to drive the State of Zhao to attack Yan, so Xiao and the Great Wall will no longer be owned by the King of Qi. So I hope the king will consider it carefully. "

Yan Zhaowang listened to Zhang Yi's advice and said, "I am like a barbarian in a backward and remote place. People here, even big men, are just like babies, and their words can't produce correct decisions. Thanks to the advice of your distinguished guests, I am willing to serve Qin in the west and offer five cities at the foot of Mount Hengshan. "

Back to Qin state

In the 14th year of Qin Dynasty (3 1 1 year), Zhang Yi returned to Qin State, and before he arrived in Xianyang, Qin died, and Qin Wuwang acceded to the throne.

When Qin Wuwang was a prince, he didn't like Zhang Yi. When he succeeded to the throne, many ministers spoke ill of Zhang Yi: "Zhang Yi broke her word and decided to betray the country again and again in order to gain the favor of the monarch. Qin must reuse him to avoid being laughed at by the world. "

When the governors heard that Zhang Yi and Qin Wuwang were not in harmony, they betrayed the Lian Heng policy and restored the vertical and horizontal alliance. In the first year of Qin Wuwang (before 3 10), ministers slandered Zhang Yi day and night, and Qi sent people to accuse Zhang Yi.

Afraid of being killed, Zhang Yi took the opportunity to say to Qin Wuwang, "I have an immature plan and hope to dedicate it to the king."

King Wu said, "What should I do?"

Zhang Yi replied: "For the sake of Qin, the eastern countries must undergo great changes, so that the king can cut more land. Now, I hear that the King of Qi hates me very much. As long as I am in any country, he will send troops to crusade. So I hope that I, an incompetent person, can go to Wei, and Qi will send troops to attack Wei. When Wei Qijun Enemy at the Gates, who also can't leave Li, the King of Qi took advantage of this gap to attack South Korea and entered Sanchuan. Instead of attacking other countries, the army opened the Hangu Pass and went straight ahead. When the enemy arrives in Zhoudu, he must pay homage to Zhoudu. Wang Neng holds the son of heaven and masters the household registration of the world map, which is the merit of the emperor. "

Qin Wuwang thought he was right, so he prepared 30 chariots and sent Zhang Yi to Wei.

Guiwei

When the King of Qi heard that Zhang Yi was in Wei, he sent troops to attack Wei. King Ai of Wei was very afraid.

Zhang Yi said, "Don't worry, Your Majesty. I'll tell Qi not to call again. " He sent his protege Feng to the State of Chu, and then borrowed the envoys of the State of Chu to the State of Qi. The envoy pointed to the king of Qi and said, "Your Majesty especially hates Zhang Yi; Even so, it is thoughtful of your majesty to give Zhang Yi some support in Qin! "

King Qi Zhuo said, "I hate Zhang Yi. Where is Zhang Yi? I have to send troops to attack somewhere. How can I give Zhang Yi a little dependence? " The messenger replied, "That's why the king gave Zhang Yi something to rely on. When Zhang Yi left the State of Qin, he originally agreed with the king of Qin:' For the sake of the king, the eastern countries must undergo great changes and let the king get more land. Now qi hates me. He sent troops to attack whichever country I was in. So I hope that I, an incompetent person, can go to Wei, and Qi will send troops to attack Wei. When the armies of Wei and Qi were fighting at the gates and no one could leave, the King took advantage of this gap to attack South Korea and enter Sanchuan. The army will leave Hangu Pass instead of attacking other countries and move forward directly. When the enemy arrives in Zhoudu, they will definitely pay homage to Zhoudu. It is a great achievement of the emperor that the king can seize the son of heaven and master the map and household registration of the world. "The king of Qin thought he was right, so he prepared 30 chariots and sent Zhang Yi to Wei. Now, Zhang Yi has gone to Wei, and the King really attacked. This is because the king exhausted the country, attacked the countries that established diplomatic relations with him, and made enemies widely, while Zhang Yi won the trust of Qin State. This is what I call' give Zhang Yi a little dependence'. "

King Qi Gui agreed with the emissary and ordered to retreat. Zhang Yi was the prime minister of Wei for one year and died in the second year of Wei (the first 309 years).