Poems describing the character of literati in the Republic of China

1. Poems about the character of literati

A poem about the character of a scholar 1. A poem describing Jian 'an's character.

The Times Style of Jian 'an Poetry: The Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty are important periods for the development of China's poetry.

Before it, in the Han Dynasty, Ci Fu occupied an important position in the literary world. Most of the poems were Yuefu folk songs, and few were created by literati. After entering the Three Kingdoms, the focus of literati's creation turned to poetry, and the position of poetry in the literary world gradually developed to pay equal attention to ci and fu.

During the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, there were several creative climaxes. Followed by Jian 'an in the early Three Kingdoms, the beginning of the late Three Kingdoms, Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty and the turn of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Among them, Jian 'an was the most prosperous and achieved the greatest success.

The Jian 'an poets, represented by "Three Cao" and "Seven Zi", inherited and carried forward the tradition of "feeling sad and happy, starting from things" in the poems of Han Yuefu. The contents of their poems profoundly and extensively reflected all aspects of social life at that time, and produced some "poetry history" works. Cao Cao, RoyceWong, Cao Zhi and Cai Yan. There are some excellent poems, such as Lu Luxing, Hao, Seven Wounded Poems, Poems, Poems for the Past, etc., which describe the great damage caused by the war in the late Han Dynasty and sympathize with the people's profound disasters.

These poems, "sentimental parting, mourning" (Ye Fan's biography of Dong Si's wife), are written in depth. Jian 'an poetry not only absorbs the tradition of being good at narration of folk songs in Han Yuefu, but also develops the advantages of "classical poetry" in lyricism, making the function of poetry more comprehensive.

Jian 'an's poetry is also based on the simplicity and simplicity of China's poetry, forming a style of "filling the text with emotion and creating it with quality" (Song Lingyun Biography), and realizing the harmonious combination of ideological content and artistic form. Jian 'an poetry has also formed a generous and tragic style of the times, which runs through the creation of Jian 'an poets to varying degrees.

The reason is directly related to the social unrest since the end of Han Dynasty. Jian 'an's poems have various styles.

Cao Cao's four-character poems, such as Out of Xiamen and Short Songs, are rare masterpieces since the Book of Songs. Five-character poetry entered its heyday in Jian 'an period, and made great progress in skills compared with the Eastern Han Dynasty.

It was the most widely used genre by poets at that time, especially Cao Zhi. His five-character poems are "extremely strong in character and adopt Hua Mao's words" (on Zhong Rong's poems), or narrative or lyrical, which is extremely handy.

His representative works include White Horse Wang Biao, Six Miscellaneous Poems, Poems by Ying Ying, etc. Seven-character poems of literati also rose in Jian 'an period.

Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi is a complete and mature seven-character poem in the history of poetry. After its appearance, the whole Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty lasted for 200 years, with few successors. Only Miao Yi, Zhao Wei and Fu Xuan wrote some seven-character poems.

The reason is that ordinary literati at that time were quite prejudiced against the folk poetic style of Seven Words, and thought it was "small but vulgar" (Fu Xuan's Preface to Four Sorrow Poems). Jian 'an is also a period of the development of literati Yuefu poetry. "Writing current affairs in ancient Yuefu began with Cao Gong" (The Source of Ancient Poems in Shen Deqian).

Today, more than twenty poems by Cao Cao are in Yuefu style, and there are also a large number of Yuefu poems by "Seven Scholars in Jian 'an", Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Literati writing Yuefu poems has since become a tradition.

The main authors of Zhengshi poems are Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. At that time, it was the period when Sima and his son were in power, and the political situation was very sinister.

Ruan Ji and Yuan Zhen are both critics of Sima family. They exposed the dark reality in their poetry creation and inherited the tradition of attaching importance to reality in Jian 'an poetry. However, due to the limitation of the objective political situation, they often express their dissatisfaction and resistance to reality in a tortuous way.

Ruan Ji, in particular, whose Poems on Huaishang (quoted from Imperial Court Letters) are obscure, and it is difficult to find a way to return to interest (Zhong Rong's poems). This is consistent with his weak political attitude.

With the rise of metaphysics, Hyunri began to appear in Zhengshi poetry. Although it was not mainstream at that time, it became the origin of metaphysical poetry later. In genre, Zhengshi's poems are mainly five words.

Ruan Ji has 82 five-character poems and four-character poems 13. They have achieved great success in expressing their feelings deeply, describing complicated and tortuous inner activities and using metaphors. They are the first batch of personal lyric five-character poems with rich content and large scale in the history of China's poetry.

Ji Kang's accomplishments in four-character poems are also quite high. Taikang has three poets (Zhang Hua, Zhang Zai, Zhang Xie; Zhang Zai, Zhang Xie,), Erlu (Lu Ji,), Erpan (Pan Yue, Penny), Yizuo (Zuo Si), Fu Xuan.

They lived in a short period of national reunification, and the power of the door reached its peak. Many people gain political status by clinging to powerful people, so some people's poems rarely reflect social reality, and most of them are superficial. In artistic expression, most of them pursue the beauty of rhetoric, which has created an atmosphere of carving and piling up in the history of China's poetry, especially Lu Ji and Pan Yue.

Zuo Si and Zhang Xie are the most successful poets in Taikang. Zuo Si's eight poems, "Ode to the Epic", expressed his indignation at the ancient aristocratic society blocking the virtuous, and showed a unique "wind power" in the poetry circle at that time.

Zhang Xie's miscellaneous poems also express his noble and pure mind and criticize the "coma" of "vulgarity". In poetic style, Zuo Si is vigorous and powerful, and Zhang Xie's ci is elegant and clean, which is different from fashion.

Poets at the turn of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty were represented by Liu Kun and Guo Pu. They all live in troubled times and are directly involved in the whirlpool of social contradictions, so the realism of poetry is quite strong.

Liu Kun expressed his feelings in the adversity of saving the country alone, saying that "good words are violent, and there is a clear and easy atmosphere" (Zhong Rong's poem); Guo Pu implicitly expressed his feelings of fear of disaster, longing for "dancing high" and "leaving the world behind" by wandering immortals. These are all Yu Nian who built a safe and comfortable life, which is different from Taikang's poetic style.

However, Liu Kun and Guo Pu's life experience and ideological interest are unique after all, and their honesty, elegance and vulgarity failed to reverse the poetic style. After Yongjia, metaphysical poetry prevailed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was a reflection of the gentry's indulgence in metaphysics at that time.

The authors of metaphysical poems are Sun Chuo and Xu Xun. They describe Hyunri with poems, which are unremarkable, "all are like the theory of morality" (Preface to Poetry), and their achievements are not high.

The appearance of Tao Yuanming at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty.

2. Stylistic composition of China literati.

Looking back at the 24-year history of the genealogy of emperors and princes, even if it is full of the word "cannibalism", it can't hide the back of China's key literati who left a strong impression in history. They are called back because they have drifted away from our impetuous and utilitarian society. As a writer said, they are on the other side and we are on this side.

But they left us with rich humanistic connotation and profound cultural connotation. Master literati are lonely in his time, because their thoughts have gone beyond the limitations of human beings at that time. They are newcomers in the future world, and their souls have hit the injustice of time. Their pens hurt some people's ugly hearts like swords. Ordinary people can only look back and call them nerds and laugh at their indifference to reality. But what is reality? It's just an excuse for people to pursue fame and fortune and put it on wolves. In their view, the reality is the suffering of the people and the poverty of the country.

It is precisely because they pushed the process of history with their own independent pens and personalities in the incomprehension and ridicule of the world that they refused glory, faced death with a smile and left their own names in history; Let's take a look at those royal literati who whitewash peace and advocate prosperity. They may have been famous and prosperous before their death, but after their death, they just disappeared into the rolling river with the wind and sand blowing and the baptism of war. From Qu Yuan to Han Fei, from Sima Qian to Ban Gu, from Ji Kang to Tao Qian, from Du Li to Eight Masters, from Xin Qiji to Fang Xiaoru, from Wang Fuzhi to Gong Zizhen, from Lu Xun to Bai Yang, they have created a cultural soil of a great nation and endowed generations of China literati with the character of self-improvement and the universal value of taking the world as their responsibility. Today, the excellent traditional culture in China is declining, and we need more outstanding literati to stand out and step on their feet.

Gently move Shutong, gently caress Wu Si, close the book, and let the sword of history pierce the darkness of dawn, as if the whole world is in full bloom.