Idiom analogy reasoning?

What are the test points for high-frequency idioms in analogical reasoning?

mushrooms after rain

Pinyin: yǔ hòu chūn sǔn Simplified Pinyin: yhcs

Synonyms: all over the mountains and fields, dotted with stars, everywhere. Antonyms: rare, rare, only a drop in the bucket. Usage: more formal; used as an attributive or object; with a complimentary meaning

Explanation: refers to after it rains in spring, Bamboo shoots grew a lot in no time. It is a metaphor for the rapid emergence of new things in large numbers.

Source: Song Dynasty Zhang Lei's poem "Keshan Collection·Eating Bamboo Shoots": "The spring rain is abundant in the barren forest, and new bamboo shoots burst out into dragon chicks."

Example: Zou Taofen's "The Remaining Life in Trouble" Chapter 2 of "Notes": "The proposals for implementing constitutionalism are like~."

Afterword:

Riddle:

2021 National Civil Service Examination Test Skills for perfect scores in analogical reasoning

Skills for perfect scores in analogical reasoning tested in the 2021 National Civil Service Examination:

Don’t forget to do horizontal first and then vertical, and pay attention to innovative test points.

When preparing for analogy questions, on the one hand, you must memorize the problem-solving principle of first horizontally and then vertically, and on the other hand, you must also understand some innovative test points on conventional content. The principle of solving questions horizontally first and then vertically means that when solving a question, you should first consider the logical relationship between the stem words and the words horizontally, and then combine the options to select the option with the closest logical relationship. If the options with the same logical relationship are not unique, you should consider Seek consensus vertically to determine the final option.

Idioms are a must-test material in analogical reasoning in recent years. Idioms can not only be examined from the perspective of the semantic relationship (synonyms, antonyms) of the entire idiom, but also the correspondence between idiom allusions and their sources, the correspondence between idiom allusions and characters, the semantic relationships between words within the idiom, and the internal meaning of the idiom. Grammatical structure, etc.

(2) Extended reading of idiom analogical reasoning:

After comparing the terms of some questions on analogical reasoning in the 2021 National Civil Service Examination, you will find that none of the options matches the question. The relationship between the stem phrases is consistent or more than one item is consistent with the relationship between the question stem phrases. At this time, it is necessary to consider the essential relationship between the question stem and the options vertically to get the correct answer. Vertical comparison is usually considered from the following aspects: part of speech (noun, verb, adjective); sentiment (praise, derogation, negative, positive); attributes (certain type, object function); word meaning (synonyms, antonyms) ; The composition of the word (subject-predicate, partial, verb-object structure, or continuous words, compound words, etc.) and other attributes.

Some difficult analogical reasoning questions cannot be eliminated when viewed horizontally, but still cannot be eliminated when viewed vertically. At this time, you need to look horizontally again to see if there are any other subtle differences, and compare repeatedly to find more The same attributes until only one selection matches. Common nuances include: necessity and possibility, time sequence, progressive relationship of degree, whether the raw materials can be seen, functional differences, active and passive, comprehensive and one-sided, absolute antonyms and relative antonyms, etc. .

In the three-line analogy reasoning, the spring breeze is proud; the moon is shy and the flowers are shy. Why does it correspond to three autumns in one day; great enlightenment. The answer is that "One day and three autumns" is a subject-predicate idiom

I also have a question. When I was doing the questions, I thought that the stems of the questions were all describing people, so I chose to be angry: eloquent, very tangled...

4. How to solve idioms quickly in the 2018 civil service examination analogical reasoning questions

In the judgment reasoning module of the civil service examination, analogical reasoning questions are one of the frequently tested question types. Among the frequently tested knowledge points of analogical reasoning, idioms are a test point that is covered every year. Therefore, Huatu Education experts have summarized the relationships that will be tested in questions involving idioms in analogical reasoning, mainly including the meaning of idioms, grammatical structure, emotion, etc.

1. The meaning of idioms

The meaning of idioms includes the meaning of idioms, idiom synonyms and idiom antonyms.

Example 1. Full of knowledge for ( ) is equivalent to ( ) for shock

A. Talent, wonderful B: Talent, shocking

C. Talent, beauty Magnificent D: Talented, colorful

Huatu Analysis B. This question tests the meaning of idioms. Full of knowledge means talent, shocking means shock. The meanings of the words in the other options cannot be matched.

Example 2. Perseverance: giving up halfway

A. Unanimity: different opinions B. Spring breeze blowing: cold wind

C. Outline: indecisive D. All things Update: Stick to the old ways

Huatu Analysis A. This question tests the relationship between antonyms. In the question, perseverance and giving up halfway are antonyms for each other; unanimity and disagreement are also antonyms for each other. Item B, spring breeze blowing on the face, describes the comfortable feeling of the spring breeze blowing on the face, and cold wind refers to very cold. The antonym should be hot, so it is excluded; item C, outline and lead, is used to describe being good at grasping the key to a problem, and indecisiveness refers to doing things. Hesitation and lack of decision-making are not antonyms. The renewal of everything in item D is a metaphor for changing a new look and showing a new vitality, which is used to refer to the prosperity of the New Year. Conservatism is a metaphor for sticking to one thing and lacking the spirit of innovation, and the two have no strict opposite meanings. Therefore the answer is A.

Example 3. Conquests from the south to the north: expeditions from the east to the west

A. A thousand purples and reds: brilliant purples and reds B. Through the ages: north and south

C. From day to day: like the new and hate the old D. Look left and right: look here and there

Huatu analysis D. This question examines the relationship between synonyms and antonyms. In the title stem, "Southern Conquest, Northern Warfare" and "Eastern Conquest and Western Conquest" are synonyms, and "South" and "North", "East" and "West" are antonyms, while "Conquest" and "War", "Conquest" and "Conquest" are antonyms. Synonyms; only item D of the options, looking left and right and looking around, conforms to this rule. Therefore the answer is D.

2. Grammatical structure.

For the examination of the relationship between idioms, if there is no connection or there are no options to choose from the word meaning, the grammatical structure can be judged from the second examination perspective.

Example 4. Encircling a lake to build fields: drinking poison to quench thirst

A. Working hard: putting what you have learned into practice B. Enduring humiliation and earning a living: cutting your feet to fit the shoes

C. Working hard: working hard D. The mountains and rivers are exhausted: the willows are hidden and the flowers are bright

Huatu Analysis B. This question tests the grammatical structure of idioms. There is no connection between the idioms given in the question stem from the meaning of the words, so analyze the grammatical structure. In "encircling a lake to create fields", "encircling a lake" means to "create fields", and the two are in a parallel relationship. In "drinking poison to quench thirst", "drinking poison" is to "quench thirst". The two "are" in a parallel relationship, and "encircling a lake", "Building fields", "drinking poison" and "quenching thirst" are all words with verb-object structure, and only item B is consistent.

3. Feeling *** color

Finally, related. In the relationship between idioms, in addition to the meaning and grammatical structure of the idiom, one type of test point is the relationship between praise and blame, as shown in Example 6.

Example 5. Working together: Standing out from the crowd<. /p>

A. To lure the wolf into the house: to fish in troubled waters B. To hunt for fish in troubled waters

C. To be careless and careless D. To be short-sighted: to help the tiger

This question examines the praise and blame of idioms B. Color meaning. The words given in the question are not related in terms of idiom meaning, and no similar options can be found from the grammatical structure, so the praise and derogation color meanings are used as a derogatory word, and "stand out from the crowd". It is a word of praise, and each idiom contains two animals. Only item B fits this relationship.

Where does the fable "Pluck the seedlings to encourage them to grow" come from?

From "Mencius Gongsun Chou". "Part 1", the author is Mencius during the Warring States Period. "揠seedlings to encourage growth" is an idiom, pronounced as "yà miáo zhù zhǎng", which means that being eager for success will lead to bad things.

The original text is as follows:

There was a man in the Song Dynasty who pinched his seedlings when they were not growing. He came back with a bright light and said to him: "I am sick today! Please help the seedlings grow." That's it!" His son looked at it, and the seedlings were haggard. There are very few people in the world who do not help young people grow up. Those who think it is useless and abandon it are those who do not cultivate the seedlings; those who help the elders are those who pull out the seedlings. It is not only useless, but also harmful.

Translation:

There was a man from the Song Dynasty who was worried that his seedlings would not grow high so he pulled them up. He was very tired but satisfied at the end of the day. When he got home, he said to his family: : "But I was exhausted. I helped the seedlings grow taller!" After his son heard about it, he hurried to the field to see how the seedlings were doing, but they all withered.

There are very few people in the world who don’t want their seedlings to grow faster! People who give up the seedlings because they think they are of no use are like lazy people who do not weed the seedlings. Those who presume to help it grow, like this person who encourages it to grow, not only do no good, but actually harm it. (5) Extended reading of idioms and analogical reasoning

1. Enlightenment of cultivating seedlings

1. The development of objective things has its own laws. It is not enough to rely solely on good wishes and enthusiasm. It is likely that the effect will be opposite to subjective wishes. This fable also tells a specific truth: "Haste makes waste." ?

2. People must exert their subjective initiative in accordance with objective laws in order to get things done. On the contrary, if you only rely on your own subjective wishes, even if you have good intentions and good motives, the result will only be counterproductive.

2. Usage of "plucking seedlings to encourage growth": as subject, predicate, or attributive, with a derogatory meaning

3. Introduction to the author

Mencius (about 372 BC - 289 BC), with the surname Ji, Meng family, given name Ke, and given name Ziyu, he was a native of Zouguo (now Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong) during the Warring States Period.

A famous philosopher, thinker, politician, and educator during the Warring States Period. He was one of the representatives of the Confucian school. His status was second only to Confucius. Together with Confucius, he was also known as "Confucius and Mencius". He promoted "benevolent government" and was the first to put forward the idea of ??"the people are more important than the monarch".

Han Yu's "Yuan Dao" listed Mencius as the pre-Qin Confucian figure who inherited Confucius' "Taoism". The Yuan Dynasty named Mencius "Ya Shenggong Shuchen" and was honored as "Ya Sheng". "Mencius" This book is a collection of quotation-style essays. It is a collection of Mencius's remarks. It was compiled by Mencius and his disciple ***, and advocates "taking benevolence as the basis".

His representative works include "The Fish I Want" and "The Right One Will Get Many Helps, The Undead Will Get Few Helps". "Born in sorrow, dying in happiness", "Wealth cannot be promiscuous" and "What a widow is to the country" were included in middle school Chinese textbooks.

6. How to break the idiom analogical reasoning

Analogical reasoning is also called "analogy". A form of reasoning. The process of inferring that two objects are the same or similar on some attributes and then infer that they are the same on other attributes through comparison. It begins with the observation of individual phenomena and thus approximates inductive reasoning. But it does not go from the specific to the general, but from the specific to the specific, so it is different from inductive reasoning. There are two forms of complete analogy and incomplete analogy. A complete analogy is an analogy when two or two types of things are exactly the same in terms of comparison; an incomplete analogy is an analogy when two or two types of things are not exactly the same in terms of comparison.

How to quickly improve the speed of answering questions in the civil service examination

1. Language understanding

Mainly tests the candidates' use of language to think and communicate, The ability to quickly and accurately understand and grasp the connotation of text materials. Common question types include: reading comprehension, logical fill-in-the-blank, sentence expression, etc. In order to improve the speed of answering questions in this part, you need to strengthen your understanding of some idioms and words, and clarify their meaning and application environment. It is necessary to improve the ability to read different types of materials quickly, find key words and transition sentences, and judge the main theme of the materials. To meet this requirement, candidates need to be able to master the hot words in previous exam questions during preparation, and read the materials within a time limit to summarize the main points.

2. Quantitative Relationships

It mainly tests the candidate’s ability to understand and grasp the quantitative relationships between things and solve quantitative relationship problems. It mainly involves the analysis, reasoning, judgment and calculation of data relationships. wait. Common question types include: mathematical operations. This part can be said to be the most feared part of the entire exam, and many candidates give up during the exam. In fact, this is unwise. According to the actual test results in recent years, most questions can still get scores. In preparing for this part, you need to master five major ideas and eight question types, so that you will not be at a loss when dealing with it. During the exam, you can first preview which questions in this part of the exam you are familiar with, and quickly answer these questions. You can skip the questions that you don’t understand what the test is about at first glance.

3. Judgment and Reasoning

Mainly tests the candidate’s ability to analyze and reason about the relationships between various things, involving

the understanding of graphics, word concepts, and relationships between things and understanding, comparison, combination, deduction and induction of written materials. Common question types include: graphic reasoning, definition judgment, analogical reasoning, logical judgment, etc. This part is relatively theoretical. Candidates should have a professional learning logic in their previous studies. Sometimes common sense judgments do not conform to logical relationships. Therefore, candidates need to study systematically and practice more in this part. In the exam, they should give priority to the simpler modules, get scores, and then conquer the more difficult parts.

4. Data Analysis

It mainly tests the candidate’s comprehensive understanding and analysis and processing ability of various forms of text, charts and other data. This part of the content usually consists of statistical charts. , numbers and text materials. Generally, one piece of material corresponds to five small questions, which test information processing, search calculation and other related abilities. Data analysis can be said to be the easiest part to improve through study, and it is also a battleground in the exam. Data analysis requires the ability to find data and perform quick calculations, which can be improved through special study. In the exam, give priority to the first four questions of each material. For the fifth question, you can first analyze simple options and improve problem solving through the elimination method. speed.

In the judgment and reasoning module of the Eight Civil Service Examinations, what are the idioms and stories behind analogical reasoning

High-frequency test points for judgment and reasoning in the 2020 National Examination: Semantic relations of analogical reasoning

Analogical Reasoning is a required question type in the National Examination every year. There are 10 questions in each section and the reading volume is small. Many candidates will mistakenly think that its difficulty level is not high. However, Analogical Reasoning requires that most candidates have an understanding of common test points. Have a grasp and seek the best answer through horizontal and vertical comparisons. This section will introduce the semantic relationship of analogical reasoning to the majority of candidates.

Analogical reasoning is mainly divided into three major parts, one is semantic relationship, the other is logical relationship, and the third is grammatical relationship. The semantic relationship is mainly examined from the aspects of near-antonyms, idiom meanings, and word symbolic meanings. The probability of testing the meaning of idioms in the national examination is high. Therefore, candidates need to master some common idioms.

Example: icing on the cake: adding insult to injury

A. Too beautiful to see: dizzying B. Show off one's power: abandon armor and drag soldiers

C. Drops of water penetrate stone: grinding a stick into a needle D. Bamboo shoots springing up after the rain: Getting worse

Answer B

Problem-solving ideas

The first step is to determine the logical relationship between the questions. Icing on the cake means adding flowers to the beautiful brocade fabric. It is used as a metaphor to make things better and better, to make things worse; to make things worse: to make disasters happen one after another and the damage becomes more serious. Examine the relationship between idiom accumulation and antonyms.

The second step is to analyze the options.

Item A: Too beautiful: There are so many beautiful things that you can’t see them all at once; Dizzying: There are so many things that you can’t see them all. There is no antonym relationship, so it is excluded.

Item B: Show off one's strength and display one's power; abandon one's armor and drag one's soldiers: It means abandoning one's armor and dragging weapons to escape. Describes the appearance of fleeing in embarrassment after losing a battle. The two words mean "proud" and "frustrated" respectively. They are antonyms and are the correct answers.

Item C: Water dripping through a stone: It means that water dripping down continuously can penetrate a stone over time. It is used as a metaphor. Only by perseverance, continuous efforts, and perseverance can you succeed in doing things with little effort; grinding a rod into a needle: grinding an iron rod into a needle. It is a metaphor for any difficult job. As long as you have perseverance and work hard, you can overcome difficulties and achieve results. There is no antonym relationship, so it is excluded.

Item D: Bamboo shoots springing up after the rain: refers to the bamboo shoots that sprout after the rain in spring, and they grow in large numbers at once. It is used to describe the rapid emergence of new things in large numbers; deteriorating: refers to the situation getting worse and worse. There is no antonym relationship, so it is excluded.

9. What are the common test methods for idioms in the analogical reasoning test in the 2018 Civil Service Examination?

What are the common test methods for idioms in the analogical reasoning test in the 2018 Civil Service Examination?

1. Test format

The question stem generally gives two idioms, and the options need to choose the idiom option that is consistent with the relationship between the two idioms given.

2. Problem-solving ideas

(1) The meaning of words in verbal relationships

Example 1. Experience is equivalent to ( ) as sharpening is to ( )

A. Weathering the wind and rain, enduring countless hardships B. Enduring hardships and narrow escapes

C. Working hard and never turning back D. Calm and making a blockbuster success

Answer: A.

Analysis of Huatu: The wind combs the hair, the wind washes the hair, and the rain washes the hair. It describes people who often work hard outside regardless of the wind and rain.

The wind and rain describe experience, and the practice of hard work describes tempering.

(2) Synonyms of verbal relations

Example 2. The fish sinks and the wild goose disappears: there is no news

A. The sound of the wind and the crane: the people are panicked B. Burning Playing the harp and boiling the crane: arty

C. Raising a glass to the moon: playing the harp to the ox D. Riding the tiger: majestic

Answer: A.

Analysis of Huatu: The meaning of "Yishen Yanmiao" is a metaphor for the failure of letters and the loss of news. It is synonymous with no news.

Burning the harp and cooking the crane means burning the harp as firewood, boiling the crane and eating it, which is a metaphor for ruining elegant and beautiful things.

Arty means that people who lack cultural literacy make friends with cultural celebrities and participate in cultural activities in order to increase their social status.

Riding a tiger means riding on the back of a tiger, and you cannot get off if you want to. It is a metaphor for encountering difficulties in the middle of things, but due to the situation, you can't stop even if you want to.

After comparison, only the two idioms of A are synonyms.

(3) The antonym relationship of verbal relationship

Example 3. To change one's mind when seeing differences: to be loyal

A. To make great contributions: to make a lot of achievements B. To be stubborn: to be upright

C. Money for a living: ingratitude D. Storing firewood: boiling the soup to stop it boiling

Answer: C.

Huatu analysis: The two words in the original text are antonyms.

A vast collection of books describes a collection of books.

Self-willed describes being overconfident and not listening to other people's opinions. Uprightness means being strong and upright.

A thousand pieces of gold is a metaphor for repaying generously those who have been kind to you.

To accumulate firewood in a fire means to put the fire under the firewood pile, which is a metaphor for the great danger lurking.

To stop the boiling of soup, you scoop up the boiling water in the pot and pour it back to cool it down without boiling. The metaphor is wrong and cannot fundamentally solve the problem.

(4) Part-of-speech relationship amp; internal word formation meaning of idioms

Example 4. Encircling a lake to build fields: drinking poison to quench thirst

A. To lie down on fuel and taste courage: to apply what you have learned B. Endure the humiliation and make a living: cut your feet to fit the shoes

C. Conscientiously: work hard D. The end of the road: the future is dark and the flowers are bright

Answer: B

Huatu analysis: Reclaiming lakes to build fields and drinking poison to quench thirst are both verbs Object, the form of the object of a verb.

Moreover, the purpose of enclosing the lake is to create fields, and the purpose of drinking poison is to quench thirst. The parts of speech of the two idioms B are in the form of verb-object, verb-object, and the purpose of enduring humiliation is to survive while the purpose of cutting off feet is to fit into the shoes.

Example 5. The Foolish Old Man Moves Mountains: Zheng Ren Buys Shoes

A. Worrying about the sky B. Learning to walk in Handan

Answer: A.

Huatu analysis: The structures of Yu Gong Yi Shan and Zheng Ren Buying Lu are subject, predicate and object. "Unfounded Worry" has a subject-predicate-object structure, but Handan to learn to walk means going to Handan to learn to walk. Handan is an adverbial of place, not a subject.

(5) Praising and criticizing colors

Example 6: Vibrant and cheerful: open-minded and generous

A. Conscientious and conscientious: beaming with joy B. Bright and energetic: loyal and loyal

C. Careless: shameless D. Wandering: uneasy

Answer: B.

Huatu analysis: radiant and open-minded are both complimentary words, and radiant describes the external state, while open-minded describes the inner cultivation. Therefore, both idioms B are complimentary, and the first idiom describes the external state, and the second idiom describes the inner cultivation.

Ten idioms used in analogical reasoning in the Fujian Civil Service Examination test

Common test methods for idioms used in the analogical reasoning test in the Fujian Civil Service Examination:

1. Test format

The question stem generally gives two idioms, and the options need to choose the idiom option that has a consistent relationship with the two idioms given.

2. Problem-solving ideas

(1) The meaning of words in verbal relationships

Example 1. Experience for ( ) is equivalent to sharpening for ( )

A. Weathering the wind and rain, enduring countless hardships B. Enduring hardships and narrow escapes

C. Working hard and never turning back D. Calm and making a blockbuster success

Answer: A.

Analysis: The wind combs the hair and the rain washes the hair, describing people who often work hard outside regardless of the wind and rain. The word "wind and rain" describes experience, and "thousands of times" describes tempering.

(2) Synonyms of verbal relations

Example 2. The fish sinks and the wild goose disappears: there is no news

A. The sound of the wind and the crane: the people are panicked B. Burning Playing the harp and boiling the crane: arty

C. Raising a glass to the moon: playing the harp to the ox D. Riding the tiger: majestic

Answer: A.

Analysis: The meaning of "Yishen Yanmiao" is a metaphor for the failure of correspondence and the loss of news. It is synonymous with no news. Burning the harp and cooking the crane means burning the harp as firewood and boiling the crane to eat, which is a metaphor for ruining elegant and beautiful things. Arty culture refers to people who lack cultural literacy and make friends with cultural celebrities and participate in cultural activities in order to increase their social status. Riding a tiger in Shicheng means riding on the back of a tiger, and you cannot get off if you want to. It is a metaphor for encountering difficulties in the middle of things, but due to the situation, you can't stop even if you want to. After comparison, only the two idioms of A are synonyms.

(3) The antonym relationship of verbal relationship

Example 3. To change one's mind when seeing differences: to be loyal

A. To make great contributions: to make a lot of achievements B. To be stubborn: to be upright

C. Money for a living: ingratitude D. Storing firewood: boiling the soup to stop it boiling

Answer: C.

Analysis: The two words in the original text are antonyms. A vast collection of books describes a vast collection of books. Self-willed describes being overconfident and not listening to other people's opinions. Uprightness means being strong and upright. A rich meal is a metaphor for repaying someone who has been kind to you generously. To accumulate firewood in a fire means to put a fire under a pile of firewood, which is a metaphor for a great danger lurking. To stop the soup from boiling, you scoop up the boiling water in the pot and pour it back so that it cools down and stops boiling. The metaphor is wrong and cannot fundamentally solve the problem.

(4) Part-of-speech relationship amp; internal word formation meaning of idioms

Example 4. Encircling a lake to build fields: drinking poison to quench thirst

A. To lie down on fuel and taste gall: to apply what you have learned B. Endure humiliation and make a living: cut your feet to fit the shoes

C. Conscientiousness: work hard D. The end of the road: the future is dark and the flowers are bright

Answer: B

Analysis: Reclaiming lakes to cultivate fields and drinking poison to quench thirst are both verb objects , the form of verb object. Moreover, the purpose of encircling the lake is to create fields, and the purpose of drinking poison is to quench thirst. The parts of speech of the two idioms B are in the form of verb-object, verb-object, and the purpose of enduring humiliation is to survive while the purpose of cutting off feet is to fit into the shoes.

(5) Praising and criticizing colors

Example 6: Vibrant and cheerful: open-minded and generous

A. Conscientious and conscientious: beaming with joy B. Bright and energetic: loyal and loyal

C. Careless: shameless D. Wandering: uneasy

Answer: B.

Analysis: Vibrant spirit and open-mindedness are both complimentary words, and radiant spirit describes the external state, while magnanimity describes inner cultivation. Therefore, both idioms B are complimentary, and the first idiom describes the external state, and the second idiom describes the inner cultivation.