The business model of ecological farms

According to the opinion of the famous economist Schultz, agriculture that is completely based on various production factors used by farmers for generations can be called traditional agriculture. So what is the business model of an ecological farm? Now I will unravel the ecological farm business model for you, I hope it can help you.

The business model of ecological farms

Family farms are an emerging industry project that is encouraged and supported by this year’s No. 1 Central Document. Ecological farms have become a hot spot for people to invest and start businesses. ?Eating farm meals, living in farm houses, seeing farm scenes, and doing farm work? has become a huge trend. Ecological farms (leisure agriculture) have entered a blowout era, growing at a rate of 30%-50% every year. Many characteristic family farms built with early investment are busy every day, busy with traffic, and open all year round. They are popular every year, making money every day, and making continuous profits. However, there are also many family farms with heavy investment, low efficiency, or even giving up halfway, causing economic losses.

In view of the common problems existing in family farms, Mr. Lan Zhaoyan, who has 25 years of farm management experience and is known as the "authoritative farm expert" in the industry, proposed the "ecological cycle model", which is worth learning from. . He believes:

First, there must be industrial support: that is, ecological farms and family farms are not just about eating and playing cards. This is the characteristic of more than 95% of ecological farms in the past. Therefore, in winter and spring, Businesses are almost closed, making it difficult to operate in the past. The solution is to have your own industrial operations, such as breeding and deep processing, planting and greening, and business that can continue to sell your own products all year round. This is currently the best model.

2. The industry you operate must have its own characteristics: for example, breeding can produce wild animals, catering is characterized by wild game, freshness, and self-production, and planting is mainly green tree species (which are much more efficient than fruits) times).

3. Industrial projects must form an ecological cycle and be efficient and energy-saving, which can not only achieve the best results in terms of quality and quantity, but also produce the best economic and ecological benefits. At the same time, through ecological cycles, extension The industrial chain has added many income channels. Fujian Zhaobao Ecological Farm has done a good job in this regard. Its 25 years of management and operation experience are very inspiring to everyone. If you are interested, you may wish to go and investigate.

Fourth, it is not difficult to apply for government support funds and obtain millions of yuan in support every year by using ecological farm breeding, planting, special catering, rural tourism, product deep processing and other models.

The above model is currently the best business model for ecological farms, and solves a series of problems regarding product characteristics, quality, quantity, sales, investment benefits and sustainable development.

The development prospects of ecological farms

With the rapid development of social economy, the tourism industry has grown rapidly. People are eager to return to nature and hope to combine life with nature. At the same time, , the traditional agricultural development model can no longer adapt to the needs of modern society. In this process, an efficient agricultural development model that combines agricultural production, life and ecology has emerged, that is, ecological farms.

In China, ecology Farms have only begun to come into people's vision in recent years, but now they have attracted more and more people's attention, and a lot of capital has entered this industry. After several years of exploration and research, currently, ecological farms in China have formed It has developed a variety of business development models, some of which have also achieved high returns, such as Xiaotuanshan Herb Farm, Hongyi Ecological Farm, Phoenix Commune and other well-known farms in Anhui.

The current level of economic and social development in China provides broad opportunities for ecological farms to build diversified development models. The current mainstream business models are as follows: First, eco-tourism, positioning the high-end tourism market, and developing business and leisure Tourism services, secondly, use the natural pollution-free ecological environment of the farm to produce high-quality organic food and green food, and provide them to high-end restaurants and hotels. Of course, you can also build amusement parks, deepen the development of tourism services, etc.

Ecological farms have broad market prospects, and social progress has provided rare historical opportunities for its development. As long as we can seize the opportunity and seize the opportunity, we will surely achieve great development in this field.

Basic characteristics of ecological farms

Innovation of economic system

Develop multi-form cooperative joint-stock systems based on the household contract responsibility system.

The problem of decentralized family management with low efficiency due to small land size has become increasingly prominent, while cooperative joint-stock systems can bring about economies of scale. From the perspective of economies of scale, large-scale operations can reduce production costs, increase economic benefits, and strengthen agriculture's ability to compete domestically and internationally. With the construction of small towns and the development of secondary and tertiary industries, the low output of traditional agriculture has led to serious idle land in rural areas, which provides conditions for large-scale operations. Ecological farms have formed a three-level management structure: farm owners, managers, and direct workers. Some farms separate ownership, management rights and income rights (see table). It is owned by cooperative shares, with division of labor and management responsibilities, and dividend income, which brings new vitality and vitality to the operation. This process is a process of constantly pursuing Pareto optimality. In terms of land transfer, farmers rent land to farm owners, or buy shares in farms at a discount, and farm owners hire farmers to work. Peasants are both landlords (or shareholders) and workers.

Improvement of thinking concepts

Ideas determine the way out, and ecological farms regard agricultural tourism as the way out. Agricultural tourism is a new type of ecological tourism that uses agriculture as a carrier and integrates leisure and entertainment, tourism and shopping, green consumption, returning to nature and other functions. It is a tourism method that integrates production, life and ecology, and is an emerging industry. Maslow's theory divides needs into five categories: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs, from lower levels to higher levels. In addition to this, human beings also have the need to return to nature. With the accelerated pace of urbanization and industrialization, changes in the urban living environment, and increased work pressure, agricultural tourism has strong vitality and development potential. Agricultural tourism also has many practical significance. For example, for a long time, rural people have come to cities for consumption. In the past, some measures to expand domestic demand also acted like a water pump to accumulate the rural economy into the city, continuously widening the gap between urban and rural areas. The development of agricultural tourism can attract urban people to rural areas for consumption. They bring employment opportunities, hygiene habits, scientific and technological knowledge, advanced concepts, etc. to rural areas, which is conducive to narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. Ecological farms are using experiential marketing as a means to develop agricultural tourism with a people-oriented approach, agriculture as its characteristics, and environmental protection, greenness, and health as its connotations.

Breakthrough in the operation model

Eco-farms are market-oriented and grasp market information through multiple channels. With the influence of market regulation, they can adjust production in a timely manner according to the cyclical fluctuations in supply. Each farm has begun to establish brand awareness, and the brand has been continuously sublimated from entering consumers' vision to consumers' lives, and then to consumers' beliefs. Especially now, consumers' demand for agricultural products has shifted from food and clothing to health and nutrition. Traditional agriculture is chemical agriculture, and the disorderly use of pesticides and fertilizers makes people’s dishes look bad. Ecological farms are committed to creating green food and organic food on the theme of health. Trace elements that have been ignored by traditional agriculture have become a new selling point of ecological farms on the topic of nutrition. Mineral elements such as zinc, iron, selenium, and calcium are beneficial elements for the human body.

Taking green ecology as the concept

(1) Environmentally friendly

Ecological farms involve agricultural tourism and pay great attention to resources and the environment. Due to the excessive use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and agricultural films, the discharge of various types of garbage, and the entry of industrial wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue into farmland, agricultural environmental pollution has become quite serious. Residues of various harmful substances not only affect the quality of agricultural products, but also endanger human health. Therefore, the development direction or value orientation of modern agriculture should be ecological. The establishment of ecological farms is in line with some principles of ecological philosophy.

(2) Reasonable utilization of resources

Circular agriculture is composed of a variety of agricultural organisms and performs closed material recycling. It is generated successively and mutually funded by various industries. And utilization?, the conversion and utilization efficiency of agricultural natural resources is relatively high. Ecological farms generally follow the path of circular agriculture in production, introduce the new idea of ??"double-chain" ecological agriculture, and use the biological food chain to form an ecological agricultural economic chain.

Constructing a biogas digester in an ecological farm will eliminate the discharge of garbage and feces in the park, and effectively control the entry of feces into surface water bodies, avoid eutrophication of water bodies, and reduce the environmental impact caused by burning tangerine stalks. pollution and waste of resources; some farms have also replaced traditional motor vehicles with environmentally friendly electric vehicles to achieve no exhaust emissions in the entire park, saving energy and reducing emissions; and establishing sewage treatment equipment so that there is no sewage discharge in the park.

Using the biogas pool as a hub, we will create a resource recycling system to enable the sustainable development of ecological agriculture.

Reasonable use of three-dimensional planting to improve the utilization of light, heat, land and other resources. The resource structure of some ecological farms has begun to change from a two-dimensional structure of "green agriculture" of plants and animals to a "three-dimensional structure of "white agriculture" of plants, animals and microorganisms.

Aiming at industrialized management

Ecological farms began to aim at industrialized management. In terms of resources, the parts are gathered into parts to give full play to the scale effect, and in specific projects, they are broken down into parts, and the responsibilities and benefits are contracted to people, which greatly exerts people's subjective initiative, produces the greatest overall benefits, and deepens and Broadening in two aspects: (1) developing in depth, that is, deep processing of agricultural products. Our country's agricultural product processing industry is still quite backward and has great potential. Each farm carries out deep processing and packaging of specialty agricultural products, which is conducive to the sale and storage of agricultural products. (2) Develop in breadth, that is, diversified operations. In addition to traditional planting and breeding, various farms have generally developed projects such as fishing centers, fruit tree adoption, land cultivation, homemade bonsai, animal feeding, outdoor development training camps, ecological sunshine restaurants, and flower seedling production and sales.

Based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions

Regional characteristics often cannot be copied, and regional advantages are often better barriers. Especially in an environment of fierce market competition, we cannot learn to walk in Handan and need to take a differentiated path. Eco-farms develop tourism agriculture based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions. As the saying goes, use the right combination to win with the unexpected. Ecological farms began to make bold innovations based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and took the road of creative agriculture.

Using effective management as a means

To operate an ecological farm, effective management is essential. Farm operators are generally more successful entrepreneurs in industry and commerce, with rich management experience and Advanced management knowledge. Try to jump out of agriculture and focus on agriculture, and use industrial mechanisms, means, and elements to transform traditional agriculture. Ecological farms use information technology to effectively manage procurement, production, and sales, and vigorously promote standardized production. In terms of human resources, farms generally focus on employee training, replacing managers with operators, and treating people as key resources rather than objects of utilization. We assign work, responsibility, rewards and punishments to each person, determine the mission and set goals, and consciously shape corporate culture and create strategic management.

Supported by science and technology

(1) Scientific and technological planting

Ecological farms are conducive to green food production, suitable for local natural and economic conditions, and based on special Based on economic value and market prospects, etc. Carry out scientific selection. Use soil testing formula balanced fertilization technology to reduce costs and pollution. Use physical and biotechnological science to control pests. Build greenhouses to grow vegetables; apply sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and mulching films to grow fruit trees; use pipeline hydroponics, newspaper rack type, and three-dimensional cultivation to cultivate flowers. For example, Zhaobao Ecological Farm in Fujian focuses on raising rare birds as its main industry; some farms effectively use physical control methods such as frequency vibration insecticidal lamps and yellow boards in the cultivation of organic rice, and some use biological methods such as rice crab cultivation. Control pests.

(2) Mechanization

Agricultural mechanization is conducive to improving comprehensive agricultural production capabilities; conducive to alleviating drought and flood disasters; conducive to promoting the transformation of growth patterns; conducive to improving market competitiveness; It is helpful to reduce production costs and increase efficiency. Developed countries in the world have fully implemented mechanization in all aspects of agricultural and animal husbandry production, thus greatly improving the level of agricultural modernization. With the development of China's economy, the cost of China's labor force is gradually increasing, and mechanization is the inevitable way. Large-scale operations also laid the foundation for agricultural mechanization. Each farm is gradually implementing the following tasks: seed selection, seedling raising, plowing, sowing, fertilizing, weeding, irrigation, harvesting, threshing, drying, warehousing, processing, packaging, transportation, epidemic prevention, cleaning, disinfection, hatching, brooding, slaughtering, etc. Master the mechanical operation of all aspects of the dining table.

　(3) Informatization

Agricultural production is a living social production activity carried out in the open air on the surface of the earth. It has basic characteristics such as production dispersion, time variability, disaster suddenness, and market variability that are difficult for people to grasp and control using conventional technologies. This is the reason why agricultural production has been in a passive position for a long time. The use of agricultural information technology has special functions in overcoming the above-mentioned basic difficulties in agricultural production and changing or partially changing the passive situation of agricultural production. Crop growth, water and fertilizer conditions, and pest and disease conditions are provided in a timely manner through remote sensing (RS); "implementation plans" can be proposed through geographic information systems (GIS).

Through the global spatial positioning system (GPS+GIS), this integrated system can be installed on agricultural machinery to realize automatic command and control of farmland operations. Ecological farms began to apply information technology as a basic technology to all aspects of agricultural production, thereby achieving precise management of the agricultural production process. Gradually based on agricultural resources and environment analysis technology, through 3S and computer and network technology, we can realize the informatization of resources and environment, production and management, production materials and product markets.

Backed by high-quality services

Since ecological farms involve tourism, each farm is backed by high-quality services. Terminal service is the lifeblood of the brand, and service is reflected in details. Eco-Farm standardizes and standardizes services, striving to transform intangible services into tangible details that consumers can understand, and emphasizes people-oriented, discovering needs (or even creating needs), meet needs. It allows visitors to get close to nature in the beautiful overall layout of mountains, water, fields, gardens, forests and flowers, in the typical business layout of "store in front and garden in back", and in the modern way of eating, living, traveling, playing and shopping. Some farms also adopt a membership system to provide members with thoughtful and meticulous services.