Information about the Spring Festival

Spring Festival couplets are resurrected for a hundred years, and the unified mountains and rivers are safe.

Spring rain moistens everything, red berries are embroidered little by little, and Qianshan is horizontal: spring is full.

Get rid of the old habits, stress the four beauties, and cultivate a new style: farewell the old and welcome the new.

All corners of the country are spring, and Qian Shan is full of glory: Vientiane is updated.

Smooth sailing, all the best, and good luck.

Good luck all year round, treasures from all directions come into the house: home and everything.

Green bamboo is different from the other three points. Jing Hongmei is reporting to Wan Jiachun: Spring returns to the earth.

Red plums in bud, green willows standing proudly in winter snow, welcome the Spring Festival: celebrate the Spring Festival.

At sunrise, flowers in the river are better than fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue.

In spring, the world is full of songs and bursts of happiness. The first to cheer was Five Blessingg Hayes.

* * * * * * * * The legend of the Spring Festival has a long history. It is said that there was a custom of "Spring Festival" as early as the Neolithic Yao and Shun Dynasties.

There is a legend about the origin of the Spring Festival: In ancient China, there was a beast named Xi, which had long tentacles and was fierce. "Xi" lived on the seabed for many years, and only climbed ashore on certain days (now called New Year's Eve), devouring livestock and hurting people's lives. So every New Year's Eve, people in the village fled to the deep mountains to avoid the harm of the "evening" beast. One year on New Year's Eve, an old beggar came from outside the village. The villagers were in a hurry and panic. Only an old woman in the village east gave the old man some food and suggested that he go up the mountain quickly to avoid wild animals at night. The old man lifted his beard and smiled: "If my mother-in-law lets me stay at home for one night, I will definitely drive away the nocturnal animals." The old woman continued to persuade and begged the old man to laugh without saying a word.

At midnight, the "Twilight" beast broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village was different from previous years: the old woman's house at the east end of the village had red paper on the door and bright candles in the room. At dusk, the beast trembled and let out a long whistle. Near the door, there was a sudden sound of "bang, bang, bang" in the hospital, and "Xi" trembled and dared not go any further. It turns out that "Xi" is most afraid of red, fire and explosion. At this time, my mother-in-law's door was wide open, and I saw an old man in a red robe laughing in the hospital. "Evening" was frightened to disgrace and fled in confusion. The next day was the first day of the first month, and the people who came back from refuge were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this time, the old woman suddenly realized and quickly told the villagers the promise of begging for the elderly. The story soon spread in the surrounding villages, and people knew the way to drive away the "night" beasts. Since then, every year on New Year's Eve, every family has posted red couplets and set off firecrackers. Every household has a bright candlelight, so it is better to wait for the New Year. In the early morning of the first day, I want to say hello to my relatives and friends. This custom is widely circulated and has become the most solemn traditional festival among the people in China.

It is said that "Spring Festival" originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the early and late Shang Dynasty in China (La Worship). In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was an annual custom of celebrating harvest and offering sacrifices to ancestors at the turn of the new year, which can be regarded as the embryonic form of the year. However, the name of "Nian" appeared late, and the name of Nian began in the Zhou Dynasty [1]. When the ancient emperors inherited the throne, in order to show the authority of the "son of heaven", they often stood on their own calendars [2]. It was not until the Western Han Dynasty that the year 2000 was officially set, and it has continued to this day. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (140 ~ 87 BC) succeeded to the throne and decided to rebuild the calendar unification. Sima Qian suggested the establishment of taichu calendar, and the Spring Festival was held in the first month of Meng Chun. The calendar we adopt today has been revised by many dynasties since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but the first day of the first lunar month, as the most solemn festival of the Chinese nation, has been inherited as a fixed day.

concept

The concepts of Spring Festival and New Year originally came from agriculture. The Spring Festival has a long history for the Chinese nation, with a history of thousands of years. The origin of "Spring Festival" is closely related to agricultural production. In the Neolithic Age, our ancestors discovered the law of alternating seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter according to the growth cycle of crops, which resulted in the concept of "year". The Xia calendar came into being in Xia and Shang Dynasties. The moon's profit and loss cycle is one month, and a year is divided into twelve months. Every month, the day when the moon can't be seen is the new moon, and the first day of the first month is called the beginning of the year. The spelling of "Nian" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is "He" at the top and "Ren" at the bottom. The word "year" in the bronze inscription is the same as the word "year" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it is also related to food and people. Xiao Zhuan's Chronicle writes "bang", and Shuo Wen Jie He Zi Bu: "bang is also a solid book. From the grain, from the thousand sounds. " Xiao Zhuan changed the word "person" to "thousand", so Xu Shen used this statement. The word "thousand" was originally decorated, and this solution is not contradictory [4]. "Grain" is a general term for grain and cannot be misinterpreted as "wheat". The quality of a year is mainly determined by the growth and harvest of "Wo", but now the word "Wo" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions has been excavated, almost all of which are heavy and curved, which shows that it symbolizes the bumper harvest of grain production. What about the word "people" under the word "year"? From the perspective of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "Nian" seems to be a heavy millet on the head.

origin

In ancient times, the Spring Festival was called Zheng Dan, Shousui, Sanyuan and Sanshuo. Until the victory of the Revolution of 1911 in modern China, in order to adapt to the farming season and facilitate statistics, the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated that the summer calendar should be used among the people, and the Gregorian calendar should be implemented in institutions, factories, mines, schools and organizations, with Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as New Year's Day and the first month of the lunar calendar 1 day as Spring Festival. According to textual research, the formal title of Spring Festival appellation was after the Revolution of 1911 [5]. Wuchang Uprising 19 1 10 In June, the Hubei Military Government of the Revolutionary Party 13 10 in February, in the notice of the Ministry of the Interior on the conversion of the Republic of China to the Gregorian calendar, it was clearly called "Spring Festival". 1September 27th, 949, the new China needs to be established urgently. At the first plenary session of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, the international use of the Gregorian calendar era was adopted, and the Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day was designated as New Year's Day, commonly known as the Gregorian calendar year. The first day of the first lunar month is usually around beginning of spring, so the first day of the first lunar month is designated as the "Spring Festival", commonly known as the Lunar New Year, which further clarifies that the first day of the first lunar month is called the "Spring Festival", and the name of the "Spring Festival" has been officially included in the festival code of China, which is really popular so far. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Spring etiquette on the 29th and 30th of the twelfth lunar month (New Year's Eve).

The night on the last day of the twelfth lunar month, that is, the last day of the lunar year (30 days old and 29 days old) is called "New Year's Eve". It is connected with the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month), which is a day for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Because the big moon has 30 days and the small moon has only 29 days, the date of New Year's Eve is different. But this day, whether it is 29 or 30, is customarily called "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together to have a New Year's Eve dinner (the last meal of the Lunar New Year). After New Year's Eve, there is a custom of giving lucky money and staying up on New Year's Eve, which means from the last day of the lunar new year to the first day of the following year.

During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, a ceremony of "exorcism" was held in the palace at the end of each year to beat drums to drive away epidemic ghosts, which was called "banishment". Later, the day before New Year's Eve was called "small exorcism". New Year's Eve is New Year's Eve, that is, New Year's Eve.

Tian di Ji Biao

Legend has it that this night is the time when the gods in heaven are in the lower world, so there is a custom of receiving gods among the people. Heaven and earth table is a temporary offering table, specially designed for New Year's Eve, mainly used to receive gods. Generally, there is no big Buddhist temple house to pay special attention to, because there are few sacrifices to the Buddha at ordinary times, and a large reward should be given to the Buddha at the end of the year. The content of Heaven and Earth Table is different from that of perennial Buddhist temples. Except for some hanging money, incense sticks, five sacrifices and big sacrifices, most of the idols worshipped are temporary, such as Percentage, which is a woodcut idol album. "Eighteen Buddhas and Gods in the Three Realms of Heaven and Earth", a complete book of color printing, and woodcut on rhubarb fringed paper; Fu Lushou Samsung photo, etc. Some of the above images will be incinerated after receiving the gods, such as "percentage", and some will not be incinerated until the evening shift or even the Lantern Festival. The position of the table is not uniform. For example, the room is spacious and can be put in the house. If there is no land at home, put it in the yard.

Eat new year's eve dinner

When children are playing with firecrackers, it is also the busiest time for housewives in the kitchen. It was made a few days before the New Year's Eve dinner, which is always made on New Year's Eve. In the north, jiaozi on the first day of New Year's Day will also be wrapped up on the evening of 30th. At this time, everyone's chopping boards are busy chopping meat and vegetables. At this time, the sound of chopping boards in every household, firecrackers in streets and alleys, abacus and accounting sounds in small shops are full of laughter and laughter, one after another, echoing, interwoven into a cheerful movement on New Year's Eve.

Eating New Year's Eve is the most lively and enjoyable time for every household in the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, there was a big dinner, and the whole family got together, sat around the table and had a reunion dinner. The sense of accomplishment in my heart is beyond words. People not only enjoy the delicious food on the table, but also enjoy the happy atmosphere. There are big dishes, cold dishes, stir-fried dishes and snacks on the table. Generally, two things are indispensable, one is hot pot and the other is fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, which indicates that it is thriving; "Fish" and "fish" are homophonic, symbolizing "more happiness and more celebration" and also meaning "more than one year". There are also radishes, commonly known as vegetable heads. Good luck. Lobster, fried fish and other fried foods, wish your family prosperity, such as "cooking oil with fire." Finally, dessert, I wish the future sweet. Even if you can't drink on this day, you can drink a little.

There are many kinds of New Year's Eve dinners, including jiaozi, wonton, long noodles and Yuanxiao. , and each has its own emphasis. Northerners are used to eating jiaozi in the New Year, which means "making friends when young". Because the white flour jiaozi is shaped like a silver ingot, the pots on the table symbolize the meaning of "getting rich in the New Year, and the ingots are rolling in". Some wrapped jiaozi and some coins sterilized with boiling water, saying that whoever ate first would make more money. Eating wonton in the New Year is based on its original meaning. Legend has it that the world was in chaos before it was created, and Pangu began to create the universe. Long noodles, also known as longevity noodles, eat noodles in the New Year and wish you a long life.

Watch the Spring Festival Gala

Although this is not an ancient custom, the Spring Festival Gala has become an indispensable cultural "feast" for China people due to the popularity of television since 1980s! Every year, more than one billion people around the world watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV or online!

stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve

Since the Han Dynasty, the alternation of the new year and the old year is generally at midnight, and celebrating the New Year's Eve is one of the most important annual customs. The custom of observing the old age has a long history, which was first seen in the local chronicles of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties give gifts to each other, which is called "giving back the old age"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "not old"; Young and old get together to drink and wish a complete song called "age division"; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for dawn. This is the so-called "shou sui".

On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, wait for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and epidemics and expecting good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote a poem "Shou Sui": "Cold words and winter snow, warm with spring breeze". To this day, people are used to celebrating the New Year's Eve.

In ancient times, observing the age has two meanings: the old man's observing the age means "resigning from the old", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age in order to prolong the life of their parents.

Communicate with god

Receiving God means dividing the old year into the new year, but the time of receiving God is not uniform. Some people begin to hold ceremonies as soon as their children arrive, some people begin to receive gods at midnight when their children are "right", and some people do so after their children are "right". After the sacrifice, the immortals from all walks of life returned to the Heavenly Palace, ignoring worldly affairs, and after New Year's Eve, that is, when the New Year came, they came to the world for deliberation. The ceremony of receiving gods was held at the table of heaven and earth, presided over by the oldest person in the family. Because the immortals live in different directions in heaven, the lower bound naturally comes in different directions. As for who to meet and where to come from, we should check the "constitution book" in advance, lead the whole family to hold incense in the yard, and follow their instructions to meet the gods. For example, Xin Weinian's "Constitution Book" states that "God of Wealth is due east, God of Wealth is due south, you God is northeast, West God is southwest, and Tai Sui God is southwest". After kowtowing according to the position, stand still until the incense is exhausted, and then kowtow. Finally, take down the fragrant roots, idols and ingots, put them into the money and grain pots already prepared in the yard, and burn them with pine branches and sesame stalks. When the gods were closed, firecrackers exploded and the atmosphere was extremely strong.

tread on

After receiving the gods, sesame stalks spread from the street gate to the door of the house, and people walked on it, making a noise, which was called "stepping on the old" or "stepping on the special". Because "broken" and "treasure" are homophonic, it means that the new year begins to exorcise evil spirits.

Pick up the god of wealth

In the old society, since the financial door was opened at midnight during the Spring Festival, people have sent the God of Wealth. The god of wealth shouted outside the door with a piece of paper in his hand, "Here comes the man who sent the god of wealth!" " At this time, the owner of the house welcomed the arrival of the god of wealth and gave the reward to the bearer. Say something auspicious when sending the god of wealth, such as "gold and silver treasures are rolling in!" There are a pair of golden lions on the left and a pair of golden phoenix on the right.

In addition, some people dressed in red robes, gauze hats, beards on their mouths, yellow cloth bags on their backs, dressed as the god of wealth, followed by several drummers, and distributed statues of the god of wealth from door to door as a reward. Every time I go to someone's door, I will sing a bunch of auspicious words, such as "the left compartment is full of gold and silver, and the right compartment is full of treasure", until the owner happily takes over the statue of the god of wealth and gives them some money. These talents thank each other and fight harder later. In the sound of gongs and drums, go to another house.

The first day of the lunar new year

The first day of the first month was originally called "New Year's Day", and the original meaning of "yuan" was "head" and later extended to "start". This day is the first day of the year, the first day of spring and the first day of the first month, so it is called "Sanyuan". Because this day is still the old dynasty, the moon dynasty and the Japanese dynasty, it is also called the "three dynasties"; Because it is the first Shuori, it is also called "Yuanshuo". On the first day of the first month, there are other nicknames, such as Shangri-La, Zheng Chao, Sanshuo and Shisan, which means the beginning of a year, January and a day.

Open the door and set off firecrackers.

When the door is opened in the morning of the Spring Festival, firecrackers are set off first, which is called "opening the door to set off firecrackers". After the firecrackers, the ground is broken red, which is the so-called "full house". At this time, the streets are full of anger and joy.

Pay new year's call

On the first day of the new year, men get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other good luck in the coming year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same patriarch from door to door. Some colleagues invited several people to pay New Year greetings; Others get together to congratulate each other. This is called "group worship". Because it takes time and effort to pay New Year greetings at home, some elites and scholars later congratulated each other with famous cards, thus developing the later "New Year cards".

When paying New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders and wish them health and longevity. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper. Lucky money can be given in public after the younger generation pays New Year's greetings, or it can be secretly put under the child's pillow by parents when the child falls asleep on New Year's Eve. It is still very popular for elders to give lucky money to younger generations.

Zhansui

In the old society, due to the sunny weather in the first few days of Xinzheng, people put this year. Its theory began in Dong Fangshuo's "Year", which means that eight days after the year, one day is chicken day, two days are dogs, three days are pigs, four days are sheep, five days are cows, six days are horses, seven days are people and eight days are valleys. If it is sunny, things that belong to it will breed, if it is cloudy, the days that belong to it will not last long. Later generations follow their habits and think that the weather is sunny from the first day to the tenth day, and there is no wind or snow for good luck. Later generations developed from the occupation era to a series of sacrifices and celebrations.

Drink Tu Su wine.

Tu Su wine is a kind of medicinal liquor. In the ancient custom, the whole family drank Tu Su wine on January Day to eliminate unhealthy tendencies. Tu Su wine is made by hanging rhubarb, platycodon grandiflorum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cornus officinalis and Saposhnikovia divaricata in a well, picking them at the end of Yuan Dynasty and cooking them with the wine for four or five times. In ancient times, Tu Su wine was drunk in a unique way. Most people drink alcohol, always starting from the elderly; But drinking Tu Su wine is just the opposite, starting with the smallest. Perhaps young people grow up day by day, drinking first to congratulate them, and old people drinking late to retain them. Su Zhe, a writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "In addition to Japan" that "it has been more than 70 years since Tu Su drank the last drink every year", which is a custom. In ancient times, this unique drinking order often caused people to have various emotions, so it left a deep impression on people.

Jucai

It is said that the first day of the first month is the birthday of a broom, so you can't use a broom on this day, otherwise it will ruin your fortune, attract a "broom star" and cause bad luck. If you must sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. Don't throw water on the garbage on this day, for fear of breaking the money. Today, many places still have the custom of cleaning up New Year's Eve. On the first day of New Year's Day, there was no broom or garbage, and a large barrel of wastewater was prepared to avoid splashing outside that day.

* * * * * * * * * * Happy New Year greetings to welcome the Year of the Tiger, blow the tiger flute, summon up the tiger's strength, imitate the tiger's strength, hit the tiger's luck, soar, hold the tiger's ears, and the year of the tiger is even more tiger!

New Year's Message: The Year of the Tiger wishes you, the tiger is with you, bad luck eludes you, the God of Wealth follows you, good things surround you, glory belongs to you, and you and I are happy.

I wish you 365 days in the Year of the Tiger, walk Wan Li Road every day, stay beautiful at night, be happy every day, be happy forever, and have wonderful minutes! Good health, successful career, tiger and tiger!

New Year greetings: The New Year is coming, the New Year is coming, laugh every day, have achievements, don't be proud, work together, shoot guns, be lucky, fall from the sky, share with each other, and be happy. Good luck every day, good luck every day

New Year's Message: The Year of the Tiger sings a blessing: The tiger is busy thinking about you, and the sound of the waves is still me and you. I wish you good luck on the moon, the wind of happiness meets you, and love rushes to you. Happy New Year. Congratulations.

Busy He Xinchun: The leaders are busy outside and the people are busy at home; Parents are busy caring and their children are busy being filial; Lovers are busy with bride price, and newcomers are busy with wedding; Friends are busy with Chinese New Year, and relatives and friends are busy organizing Chinese New Year. Everyone is busy worshipping their ancestors, and the country has hope.

Winter has passed and the earthquake is far away. A hundred years' dream comes true, but a thousand years' compensation. What do you want to ask today? Guo Chang, the people are rich and the people are safe!

The tiger followed the mouse to bless you, because you are in the new year: struggle at the beginning of the year, harvest in the middle of the year, and enjoy at the end of the year. Happy New Year!