Little knowledge of blood drawing

1. What should I pay attention to before taking blood?

Common sense of test-matters needing attention in blood test

Blood tests are common when you see a doctor. Doctors require patients to draw blood to test various blood indexes in order to make a definite diagnosis or differential diagnosis, and carry out targeted treatment and rational drug use. So, what are the precautions in the whole process of blood test?

First of all, ask the doctor what to pay attention to when drawing blood on the test application form. Different laboratory projects have different requirements. A few emergency laboratory items, such as blood routine, dielectric, myocardial enzyme spectrum, troponin, amylase, etc. Because of the urgent need, it can be tested at any time. Most biochemical, immunological and radioimmunoassay tests, such as liver function, renal function, pairing, anti-"O", rheumatoid factor, tumor series antigen, hormone determination, AIDS antibody, etc. In principle, fasting blood or fasting blood for more than 6 hours in the morning is required. Blood lipid analysis, blood sugar, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood viscosity and other laboratory items are easily affected by diet, so blood must be drawn on an empty stomach, especially blood lipid analysis. Because chyleminemia may occur after eating, which will seriously affect the determination results, it is required to fast for more than 12 hours. Many drugs will affect the determination results of blood indexes, so patients who want to take drugs every day should ask if they can stop taking drugs before drawing blood.

Get enough sleep at night before blood drawing, and don't do strenuous exercise in the morning, because strenuous exercise will also change the concentration of various blood indexes and affect the determination results. People with stomach discomfort on an empty stomach can drink a little boiled water, but never drink milk. Those who do glucose tolerance test and insulin excitation test should bring glucose powder. In the morning, you can go to the hospital blood drawing center or outpatient laboratory 10 minutes in advance to adjust your body and mind to a stable state before taking blood. When taking blood, all the test application forms should be given to the doctor to avoid missing the test. Wear more clothes in autumn and winter, and be sure to take off your coat and thick sweater to avoid the sleeves being too tight to stop bleeding after blood drawing. Cooperate with the doctor when drawing blood, especially when the child draws blood, parents should help the doctor fix the child's arm. While drawing blood and clenching fists, the body should relax. In order to eliminate the tension, you can talk to others to distract your attention.

After blood drawing, press the puncture site tightly with sterile cotton balls for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding, and at the same time relax the rolled-up sleeves. Do not rub the puncture site to avoid local congestion and "congestion". Do not touch the puncture point after hemostasis to avoid infection. Occasionally, due to fasting, poor rest, mental stress and other factors, there will be "needle dizziness" after blood drawing: dizziness, pallor, general fatigue and difficulty breathing. At this time, you should ask the doctor for help immediately. At the same time, you can lie flat on the waiting chair, loosen your belt and take a deep breath. With the help of a doctor, you can get relief in a few minutes. People with a history of "needle fainting" can eat candy, chocolate and so on. When they draw blood next time. Taking it immediately after blood drawing can avoid this phenomenon. Finally, ask the doctor when and where to get the test report so as to get timely treatment.

2. Blood donation common sense and matters needing attention

Precautions before and after blood donation

1. Don't overeat the night before blood donation, and don't eat meat, fish, eggs, milk, bean products and greasy food for the first two meals. Eat a light diet to prevent blood turbidity and affect blood quality.

2. Keep a good sleep the night before blood donation, and don't eat on an empty stomach before blood donation to avoid some reactions such as dizziness, palpitation and sweating during blood donation.

If you have a cold, fever, cough, etc. Two days before blood donation, blood donation should be suspended.

What problems should be paid attention to in the process of blood donation?

When donating blood, you always need to be happy and full of honor. Under the guidance of the nurse, the elbows of both arms should be cleaned. When collecting blood, you should cooperate with the blood collection nurse to answer the name, age and blood type. Put the arm with good blood vessel exposure into the elbow well, and the position of the arm for blood collection should be as level as possible with the heart to keep the blood flow unobstructed. During blood collection, you should relax all over to avoid excessive pain caused by skin or muscle contraction affecting needle insertion. At the same time, you can actively consult nurses about blood donation to improve your understanding of blood donation knowledge. In addition, keep a moderate silence when donating blood to reduce unnecessary irritability. If you feel flustered, stuffy, sweaty, thirsty or unable to sit still, you should immediately tell the blood collection nurse or visiting doctor. So as to take treatment measures. When the blood vessels are thin or the blood flow is not smooth, we should actively cooperate according to the requirements of nurses. During the whole blood collection process, the arm should not move casually.

What problems should I pay attention to after donating blood?

After blood collection, blood donors should take a short rest at or near the blood collection site and should not get up in a hurry to prevent transient cerebral ischemia. At the same time, press the sterile cotton ball at the eye of the needle to avoid bleeding or subcutaneous congestion.

On the day after blood donation, we should pay attention to the cleanliness of needle eyes. It is best to take a shower when taking a shower. Don't let dirty water or soapy water enter the eye of the needle to prevent infection.

After blood donation 1-2 days, appropriately increase the amount of drinking water, pay attention to supplement a little high-protein and digestible food, and avoid overeating. Pay attention to proper rest and don't engage in strenuous activities. Individuals who feel tired will soon disappear as long as they get enough sleep.

Blood donors should be happy after donating blood, because they have done a selfless and meaningful thing, and donating blood will not harm their health. However, if there are some adverse reactions after blood donation, you should get in touch with the blood collection unit and see a doctor in time.

The nutritional supplement after blood donation is generally appropriate to increase various nutrients necessary for hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic raw materials mainly include protein, iron, folic acid and vitamin B 12. (Foods containing high-quality protein include: milk, lean meat, eggs, bean products, etc. Foods containing more iron include: animal liver, jellyfish, shrimp, sesame, kelp, auricularia auricula, laver, mushroom, pea, jujube, longan and so on. In addition, you can choose an iron pot when cooking. Foods containing more folic acid are: pig liver, pig kidney, beef and so on. Foods containing vitamin B 12 are: animal liver, pig kidney or sheep kidney, fermented bean curd, etc. )

After donating blood, you don't need to eat anything special, as long as you eat scientifically and reasonably, have nutritional value, are delicious, comfortable and moderate, you can recover the lost blood in a short time. These nutrients are in the ordinary diet, so there is no need to eat more. After donating blood, add some nutrition appropriately, eat lean meat, eggs, bean products, fresh fruits and vegetables, etc. It can promote the faster recovery of blood components, but avoid overeating and drinking.

Who can't donate blood temporarily?

(1) Tooth extraction or other minor operations within half a month.

(2) Three days before and after menstruation, less than six months after pregnancy abortion, and less than one year after childbirth and lactation.

(3) Those who have recovered from cold and acute gastroenteritis for less than one week, acute urinary tract infection for less than one month and pneumonia for less than three months.

(4) Some infectious diseases, such as dysentery, typhoid fever, brucellosis and malaria, were cured in less than half a year, one year, two years and three years respectively.

(5) Transfusion of whole blood and blood component in recent five years.

(6) Less than half a year after major surgery and less than three months after appendectomy, hernia repair and tonsillectomy.

(7) Less than one week after local skin inflammation healed, and less than two weeks after extensive skin inflammation healed.

3. Why can't you eat breakfast and drink water when you draw blood?

Don't drink water before blood drawing, because drinking water will dilute the blood and the test results will be biased. Some people's blood viscosity is related to their constitution, perhaps related to the composition of blood cells in the body, just as it is difficult for someone to stop bleeding after bleeding.

When a health check-up or some diseases need to go to the hospital for a blood test, the doctor or nurse will simply tell the patient "blood test tomorrow, no breakfast" on the first day. Blood sampling for liver function and other laboratory tests mainly helps doctors to check by analyzing the chemical composition of blood. In fact, many laboratory test results are often affected by many factors. If we want to get accurate results, we should avoid behaviors that will interfere with some experimental results.

Extended data:

1. Fatigue will affect your grades. It is not advisable to be too tired or suffer from severe cold or heat before blood drawing, which may cause leukocytosis.

2. Don't wear thick clothes. On the day of blood drawing, don't wear clothes with too tight cuffs and too small. Because the cuffs are too tight, the sleeves can't be rolled up when blood is drawn, or it is difficult to stop bleeding after bleeding, which leads to arm hematoma.

3. Fear makes it difficult to collect blood, so relax when collecting blood, because fear will cause vasoconstriction and increase the difficulty of collecting blood.

4. If you have a history of fainting, it is best to inform the blood drawing nurse in advance and bring some candy and chocolate when drawing blood.

Reference link: blood drawing | Baidu Encyclopedia

4. Benefits of blood drawing

(1) can prevent and relieve hyperviscosity; It makes people feel relaxed, clear-headed and energetic.

(2) It can prevent and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and blood donation also plays a positive role in reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

(3) It can promote and improve mental health. Blood donors not only contributed their love to the society, but also improved their physical condition.

Blood is called "the river of life". A large number of studies show that healthy emotions can communicate with the brain and other tissues and organs through the nervous system, body fluids and endocrine system, so that they are in a good state, which is conducive to the enhancement of human immunity and resistance. Blood donation is a noble character to save lives. Blood donors are in the best mood while helping others and being kind to others, which is beneficial to their health.

Know little about blood tests.

1, wash your arms before drawing blood, so that disinfection will be better when drawing blood to avoid infection. 2. Don't wear clothes whose cuffs are too small and too tight on the day of blood drawing, so as to avoid the sleeves being too tight during or after blood drawing, resulting in arm vascular hematoma. 3. Consult doctors for different laboratory tests and treat them differently. Such as blood sugar testing, postprandial blood sugar, be sure to check after eating; Fasting blood sugar, you must check on an empty stomach in the morning; Before the blood lipid test, it is best not to eat foods with high fat, such as sparerib soup and steamed meat. Eat less eggs before checking cholesterol. Pay attention to these, it will be more convenient and quick to draw blood, and it will also save you time for diagnosis and treatment.

5. Can ordinary blood tests detect AIDS?

Analysis of illness: general hospital examination is only examination, blood routine, biochemical examination, liver and kidney function, blood lipid, blood sugar and other examinations. Ordinary blood tests can't detect HIV. Suggestion: Blood test is only used to check general diseases, and special reagents are needed to check specific bacteria or viruses. There are two methods to detect HIV: virus isolation and culture and HIV antibody detection. Generally speaking, the incubation period of AIDS is six months to five years. HIV culture and isolation is expensive and time-consuming, and only a few units use it. HIV antibody testing should go to the CDC for examination, which is not done in general hospitals. Maybe check the blood routine every few months. If there is a history of drug use, it may be to check whether the drug affects the liver and kidney and check the liver and kidney function.

6. What is the common sense of the medical examination project?

Three categories

1. The physical examination items of the clinical physical examination department require doctors to have rich clinical experience.

2. The physical examination items of the instrument physical examination department mainly rely on equipment, and technicians assist doctors to detect their physical condition through equipment.

3. The physical examination items of the laboratory physical examination department are mainly blood and urine, and then laboratory tests are carried out.

Detailed division and detailed content, the clinical significance is as follows: general examination, internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, anorectal department, gynecological routine and other clinical projects.

With simple instruments, we can understand the basic situation of the body through physical examination such as on-site palpation.

Bleed

Draw blood (for laboratory examination)

Take a blood sample.

X-ray examination

Through chest X-ray fluoroscopy, the diseases that can be screened out include tuberculosis, lung tumor, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, bronchiectasis, tracheal dilatation, ventricular hypertrophy, aortic arch protrusion, scoliosis and the diagnosis of chest bone diseases. If the frontal chest X-ray examination is normal, but there is a long-term cough with bloodshot sputum, it is necessary to add a lateral chest X-ray examination.

bone density

People's bone mineral density reaches its peak around the age of 30, and then the bone is lost year by year, leading to the looseness and fragility of bone structure, and gradually "osteoporosis" appears. Therefore, it is best for normal people to have a screening every year after the age of 30.

Common subitem detection

stomach

Imported capsule endoscope

It is called "Intelligent Capsule Gastrointestinal Endoscope System" and "Medical Wireless Endoscope". Capsule endoscopy has the advantages of convenient examination, no trauma, no lead, no pain, no cross infection and no influence on the normal work of patients. It broadens the vision of digestive tract examination, overcomes the shortcomings of traditional insertion endoscope, such as poor tolerance, inapplicability to the elderly, infirmity and critical illness, and can be used as the first choice for the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases, especially small intestine diseases.

abdomen

Check whether there are lesions in gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen and kidney. It mainly examines eight parts, including liver, intrahepatic bile duct, common bile duct, gallbladder, kidney, hepatic portal vein, pancreas, spleen and others. Detect fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, hepatolithiasis, unexplained abdominal pain and other diseases.

prostate

Prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, prostate cancer, prostate cyst, prostate abscess, prostate tuberculosis, prostate calculus, etc.

electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to track the potential changes related to heartbeat, so as to judge whether there are abnormal conditions such as atrial or ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, irregular pulse, pericarditis and systemic diseases.

Five items of internal medicine

(heart, lung, liver, spleen, nervous system, etc. ) exclude medical diseases or find signs of medical diseases through physical examination.

7. Blood donation knowledge

● Does blood donation affect health? The total blood volume of a person is about 8% of his body weight, and a person weighing 50 kg has about 4000 ml of blood. However, the blood flowing in the blood circulation only accounts for 70%-80% of the total blood volume, and the rest is stored in organs such as liver and spleen, which can be replenished at any time.

The survival time of red blood cells in blood is 120 days, white blood cells are 7- 14 days, and platelets are 7-9 days. Cells in the body are aging and dying all the time, and are replaced by newly generated cells in hematopoietic factories such as bone marrow. Therefore, a small amount of blood donation is frequent, and the hematopoietic function of bone marrow is active, which can promote human blood metabolism and is beneficial to health.

● What are the requirements for blood donation, physical examination and blood test? You can eat before blood donation and blood test, but only light food is required before blood test. Don't eat high-fat, high-protein foods, drugs and alcohol, so as not to affect the blood test results. Is my blood test unqualified a disease? In order to ensure the blood quality, the blood testing standards of central blood stations are different from those of hospitals, the former is the qualified standard for testing blood quality; The latter is the standard of pathology, and the two standards are essentially different.

Therefore, the blood test report of the central blood station cannot be used as a basis for judging the condition, and you don't have to worry. If you really feel unwell, I suggest you go to the hospital for a check-up. ● What should I pay attention to before and after blood donation? Before blood donation: light vegetarian diet on the first day, fasting high-fat and high-protein food; Do not drink or take medicine; Ensure adequate sleep and don't donate blood on an empty stomach.

After blood donation: rest for 20 minutes after blood donation; It is not suitable for strenuous exercise within 24 hours; Pay attention to the compression at the eye of the needle to stop bleeding and keep it clean; Rest on time to prevent colds; No special diet is needed. ● Why can't you eat greasy food before donating blood? When people eat greasy food, such as fat, eggs, peanuts, etc. The blood lipid content in plasma will increase, making the plasma turbid.

Some patients will have adverse reactions when transfusing high-fat blood. ● Why can't you be on an empty stomach when donating blood? Because the grape grain content in the body is relatively low on an empty stomach, it is easy to cause adverse reactions when donating blood.

Precautions for blood donation What regulations should citizens abide by when donating blood? (1) Fill in the blood donation registration form truthfully, and do not lie or conceal the past medical history. (2) A blood donation is generally 200 ml, with a maximum of 400 ml, and the interval between two collections is not less than 6 months.

(3) After passing the blood donation medical examination, you should participate in blood donation at the prescribed time, so as not to affect the blood use plan of the hospital. Why can't you drink more water before donating blood? Because drinking a lot of water will dilute blood, reduce blood quality and affect the treatment of patients.

What should I pay attention to before donating blood? It is necessary to learn the knowledge of blood donation, understand the common sense of blood donation, and eliminate nervousness. Don't eat greasy food or drink alcohol for two meals before blood donation, but don't eat light food such as steamed bread and vegetables on an empty stomach. And it is best to take a bath or wash your arms.

How to stop bleeding after donating blood? After pulling out the needle, straighten the forearm, or lift it slightly after straightening, and press the eye of the needle with the index finger and middle finger of the other hand for 5 minutes to stop bleeding. Don't bend your elbow to stop bleeding, because bending your elbow will increase the resistance of blood flowing back to the heart from the venous network of the back of your hand, hinder the blood from flowing back, and overflow from the eye of a needle of a blood vessel, resulting in subcutaneous blood stasis; Don't twist the cotton ball, because it will make the needle hole on the blood vessel stick and be wiped off.

What should normal people pay attention to after donating 200-400 ml blood? Pay attention to the normal diet and nutrition, properly supplement nutrition, eat lean meat, eggs, milk, bean products, vegetables and fruits, and drink plenty of water that day, but don't overeat. What's the situation? You can't donate blood for the time being? (1) Tooth extraction or other minor operations within half a month.

(2) Three days before and after menstruation, less than six months after pregnancy abortion, and less than one year after childbirth and lactation. (3) Those who have recovered from cold and acute gastroenteritis for less than one week, acute urinary tract infection for less than one month and pneumonia for less than three months.

(4) Some infectious diseases, such as dysentery, typhoid fever, brucellosis and malaria, were cured in less than half a year, one year, two years and three years respectively. (5) Transfusion of whole blood and blood component in recent five years.

(6) Less than half a year after major surgery and less than three months after appendectomy, hernia repair and tonsillectomy. (7) Less than one week after local skin inflammation healed, and less than two weeks after extensive skin inflammation healed.

What is the situation that people can't donate blood? (1) STD, leprosy and AIDS patients and HIV-infected people. (2) Patients with hepatitis, those who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and those who are positive for hepatitis C antibody.

(3) Patients with allergic diseases and repeated allergies, such as frequent measles, bronchial asthma, and drug allergy (blood donation is not allowed when measles is acute). (4) Patients with various tuberculosis, such as tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, lymphoid tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis, etc.

(5) Patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as various heart diseases, hypertension, hypotension, myocarditis, thrombophlebitis, etc. (6) Patients with respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis with pulmonary insufficiency.

(7) Patients with digestive system and urinary system diseases, such as severe gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic gastroenteritis, acute and chronic nephritis, chronic urinary tract infection, nephrotic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, etc. (8) Patients with hematological diseases, such as anemia, leukemia, polycythemia vera and various bleeding and coagulation diseases.

(9) Patients with endocrine diseases or metabolic disorders, such as pituitary and adrenal diseases, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, diabetes, etc. (10) Patients with organic nervous system diseases or mental diseases, such as encephalitis, sequelae of brain trauma, epilepsy, schizophrenia, hysteria, severe neurasthenia, etc.

(1 1) Patients with parasitic diseases and endemic diseases such as kala-azar, schistosomiasis, filariasis, hookworm disease, cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease. (12) Patients with malignant and benign tumors that affect their health.

(13) Those who have had important internal organs such as stomach, kidney and spleen removed. (14) Patients with chronic skin diseases, especially infectious, allergic and inflammatory systemic skin diseases, such as chloasma, eczema and psoriasis.

(15) Patients with ocular diseases such as keratitis, iritis, optic neuritis and high myopia with fundus changes. (16) autoimmune diseases and collagen diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis and scleroderma.

(17) People with a history of drug abuse. (18) Homosexuality, multiple * * *.

( 19)。

8. How to write a summary of outpatient blood drawing?

Model articles about outpatient summary can be seen everywhere on the Internet. Today, Ai Medical Talent Network has compiled relevant articles about outpatient summary, so that you don't have to worry about writing outpatient summary.

Outpatient learning transcends theory and fully highlights the importance of practice. Blood drawing is an important part of outpatient service. Hands-on operation combined with theory, familiar with the whole process of blood drawing. The position of tourniquet, the scope of disinfection, the angle of needle insertion, the combination of these textbook knowledge and the strengthening of aseptic concept are all fruitful results of this outpatient practice.

Because I worked in the inpatient department for about 2 months before coming to the clinic, I am familiar with several common operations and my movements are no longer so unfamiliar. Can play a role in the work of the door, without the idea of helping others and filling in trouble when I first entered the department. Self-confidence is also growing day by day, and work is going smoothly day by day.

The blood drawing room should run at a high speed. Every day, many patients from afar have to collect test specimens to assist doctors in making a diagnosis. Therefore, obtaining quality quickly has become a major principle in blood drawing room. Do things quickly, but in an orderly way. Because the patient's hospitalization time is short, you are not allowed to make a mistake, draw the wrong tube of blood or leak a tube of blood, because there is no chance of rescue if you can't find the patient.

To draw blood, we should not only be steady, accurate and hateful, but also use both hands and watch six ways. When the eyes can't identify where the blood vessels are, touching them by hand is the only solution. The surgical objects in the department are mostly obvious patients, where I can touch the blood vessels inserted by the needle and puncture successfully. That sense of accomplishment is my deepest feeling when I come to the clinic for internship. Of course, blood drawing will inevitably fail: blood can't be returned, blood vessels are punctured, and blood oozes. In addition to giving the patient an injection, it is also necessary to calm the patient's mood and avoid disputes with the patient. I was speechless when I first met this situation, probably because I was afraid and really inexperienced. I learned how to effectively face the recurrence of this situation from the way the teacher solved the problem. In practice, you can not only master skills and knowledge, but also learn how to treat the world.

In addition to outpatient service, emergency work is another part of this internship. Every day, patients who have not received treatment examination or are inconvenient to be hospitalized for temporary treatment are received, and a convenient and quick treatment window is established for them. Subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection and intravenous injection are three common operations in emergency work. Before each operation, the information of patients who come to receive treatment should be registered: name, drug name, dosage and injection method.

What you can't see in the general ward is emergency first aid. You should check and evaluate the patient without knowing anything and take the first treatment. Quickly understand the basic situation of patients: name, vital signs, skin condition, edema, etc. And notify the doctor for treatment.

Although I didn't encounter the rescue of critically ill patients in this internship, the teacher also explained to us the use of various rescue equipment and the precautions for the use of all instruments. Of course, it is the only regret not to see the use of these instruments with my own eyes.

Outside of work, there are common discipline problems, self-behavior problems and getting along with teachers. Always go to work earlier than the teacher. Before the teacher comes, all the items are handed over and the treatment items are ready. Cheer up during working hours, concentrate on the operation and not be careless. I know in my heart that nursing treatment is a rigorous job, and I can't make mistakes. I'm always on my guard. Usually communicate with teachers more. If you don't understand, you must ask the teacher in time. It is forbidden to bring all unnecessary troubles without authorization.

The end of outpatient practice means that my study at this stage has come to an end, and it also means that a new round of study is coming soon. This research has brought me endless wealth and added another gold to my life treasure.