How should humans communicate with aliens? Scientists at NASA: applying mathematics and the laws of the universe

That is the topic related to aliens, because so far, human civilization has never found aliens in the universe. There are no traces of aliens or alien civilizations on Mars, which was once highly anticipated, or many super-Earths discovered at present, but this does not prevent many people from believing in the existence of aliens.

Because our universe is too big, and the earth and solar system are too ordinary.

At present, there is no evidence that the solar system and the earth's environment are unique. In the Hubble volume with a diameter of 93 billion light years, astronomers estimate that there are at least 2 trillion galaxies, each with at least 654.38+000 billion stars and each with at least one planet. Multiplying these numbers, we can easily find that the earth is not special. In the livable zone of stars, planets like the earth can be seen everywhere, and the evolution process similar to life on earth may also occur on other planets.

But the key question that comes with it is: If we really discover an alien civilization in the future, or if we are discovered by an alien civilization, how will the two sides communicate then?

First of all, it is certain that the contact between alien civilization and human beings is definitely different from that between two tribes on the earth who did not understand languages in ancient times, because all human beings are of the same ancestry and communicate through sound and vision. For alien civilizations hundreds of light years away from the earth, the biological gap between them and humans will reach the threshold level or even the boundary level.

In other words, the way of communication within alien civilization will be completely unimaginable to human beings. They don't even have eyes and ears, so they can't receive visible light and sound waves.

Therefore, communication with aliens can only adopt some regular signals that all intelligent civilizations have, such as mathematics.

The Arecibo message sent by astronomers in 1974 broadcast most of the information of human civilization to the universe in the form of binary coded mathematics, so that it can be received and decoded by any civilization that has mastered binary. However, due to the limitation of light speed, Arecibo information has only spread 48 light years so far.

Today, in the 2 1 century, a team composed of NASA scientists and China scientists conceived a "friend-seeking information" called "Galaxy Lighthouse", which consists of 13 parts, aiming at summarizing human civilization and the location of the earth with the shortest information. The coding method of these information is the simplest self-defined bitmap "alphabet".

Information begins with prime numbers, indicating the sender's intellectual and civilized identity, and then leads to decimal system and elementary mathematics of human civilization with the alphabet. Finally, the energy level transition law of hydrogen atom is used to represent time, thus marking the sending time of this information and some elements that have been discovered by human beings.

Because mathematics is a tool that all civilizations in the universe will recognize and come into contact with, and hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the scientific community believes that the information of this galactic lighthouse will definitely be understood by alien civilizations.

Like the gold-plated disc and Arecibo information of the previous Voyager probe, the final information of the Milky Way lighthouse also shows the basic image of a single human civilization, as well as the basic image of the entire solar system and the earth, and also uses pulsar positioning to accurately mark the position of the earth relative to other stars in the Milky Way, as well as the radio frequency that alien civilizations can use when they want to reply.

The information of the Milky Way lighthouse can be called the most detailed summary of human civilization in history, but it is still a bit difficult to establish contact with alien civilizations with it, because even the most exquisite information can only be transmitted at the speed of light.

In the case that the radius of the solar system is 1 light-year and the diameter of the Milky Way is180,000 light-year, unless aliens wait for them in spaceships near the solar system, the information of the lighthouse of the Milky Way cannot be received by alien civilizations across tens of thousands of light-years, even if it is received, it will take tens of thousands of years. It's hard to say whether humans are still in the solar system.

The information of the Galaxy Lighthouse will be launched in the near future. The launcher used is the FAST radio telescope in China. By then, the information will be sent to the central region of the Milky Way galaxy 65,438+0.8 million light-years away by installing a launch module, because there are dense globular clusters, and the chances of life and civilization are relatively high.

As for whether these messages will attract aliens after being launched, whether they will attract well-meaning or malicious aliens, this is not what we need to worry about.