Nalan Xingde's eulogy must be explained in detail.

Nalan Xingde, who is known as "the first scholar in the early Qing Dynasty", never poked his pen all his life. In his Drinking Water Ci (formerly known as Side Hat Collection), "Where well water is eaten, there is no competition for singing". After the death of his wife Lu, he wrote a large number of mourning works, recalling past joys and mourning the early death of his wife, which is rare in the history of mourning poems. On the basis of inheriting the essence of ancient mourning poems, Nalan Xingde made some innovations. His mourning speech is profound, sincere, subtle and touching. It is a dialogue between flowers and people who cherish them, and a leap over the natural barrier between life and death. What is particularly commendable is that his mourning words are full of natural freshness in the sadness and depression, and they have created a beautiful style of mourning words.

Looking at Nalan's words of virtue, they are true and sincere, full of affection, and every word comes from the heart, with little procrastination. Wang Guowei called Nalan "only one person since the Northern Song Dynasty." [1] Nalan's Ci is known for its beauty and elegance. Although there are bold sentences in his frontier works, there are often delicate pens in the bold ones, such as the spring tide crossing the Great Wall, three points of bold feelings and seven points of beautiful language. Most of his friendship poems are loyal and righteous, and there are many graceful and restrained feelings. The love works, which account for the most of his ci works, are filled with fresh air and dyed with a touch of nature.

and I love Rong Ruo's mourning works.

The mourning words mentioned by the author here specifically refer to Nalan Xingde's mourning for Lu, that is, the mourning for Lu Rui, his deceased wife, for more than ten years from May 3th, 16th year of Kangxi (June 29th, 1677) to May 3th, 24th year of Kangxi (July 1st, 1685).

One of the characteristics of Nalan Xingde's eulogy is that his eulogy is a kind of dialogue, which is the spiritual communication between the living and the dead. Looking at the previous mourning works, the sadness is deep, and the feelings of mourning between the lines are full. It is already a superior mourning poem, but it still lacks a little beauty. For example, "The Book of Songs, Li Feng, Green Clothes", "Green clothes, green clothes and yellow lining. If you are worried about your heart, you should look after yourself! " The man's hand caressed the green clothes and cried, which is similar to the mourning of soliloquy. There is no lack of true feelings, but there is a little less psychic communication between heaven and earth. Another example is Pan Yuezhe, "Mourning Poems" is profound, "Like a bird in the Hanlin, it is only once. If he swims in Sichuan, he will analyze the middle of the road. " If there is no sadness, it is difficult to make this sentence. "I sigh for a long time, and I don't feel tears on my chest. It' s safe to touch your chest, and your sorrow starts from it. " It makes readers feel sad when they read it. If there is a little more clever beauty in sadness, it will be the best top grade of sadness and beauty. Nalan Xingde's eulogy is based on emotion, revealing spirituality, rippling with the beauty of agility eager for spiritual communication in sadness, removing dry sadness and replacing it with subtle darkness, which not only infects readers' feelings, but also shakes their souls.

Nalan Xingde's Inscription of Nanxiangzi for the Dead Woman:

Tears were swallowed, but there was no sound. He only regretted the past and relied on Danqing to save his knowledge. Yingying. You can't draw a picture if you are sad.

don't be too specific. Wake up early at midnight. Qing wakes up early and dreams more. Cry out the rain bell at night.

In this poem, Nalan is not "crying" his wife, nor "crying" himself, nor talking to himself. He is trying to communicate life and death through this way of taking photos, and has a * * * sound with the dead. Heaven and man are separated forever. Because "I only regret my feelings in the past", I will come to know my dead wife again and recall the past through the way of "relying on Dan Qing to save knowledge". I also hope that in this process, like my dead wife, I can "re-recognize the province" for myself, but I will end up with a "sad picture." "Painting can't be done" is because the communication between heaven and man has failed. However, Nalan Xingde does not give up this communication, but always believes that love can cross life and death and produce induction. The second half mentioned "Qing wakes up early and dreams" and "bell of rain at night". The dead are liberated, but the living are trapped in dreams. "Bell of Rain at Night" should be taken from the case of Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty and Yang Yuhuan. Similarly, in "Huanxisha", it is also mentioned that Tang Minghuang and Yang Yuhuan made an oath on Tanabata and "Rain Bell". Legend has it that Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Yuhuan were separated by life and death, but they were still able to find the truth in the sea fairy mountain through messengers. He also hopes to communicate with his dead wife, "believing that there is no illusion between heaven and earth (Queqiaoxian Qixi)", and using various methods, "relying on Danqing to save knowledge (Nanxiangzi, taking photos for the dead wife)" is one kind of "judging for Iraq as a dreamer, drawing pictures in a long direction to call the truth in the clear night (Yu Meiren (Chun Qing only went to Pear Blossom Thin)).

Before the beginning of the whole poem "Qinyuanchun", there is a preface, as follows:

Three days before the Double Ninth Festival, Ding Si's dead woman was dressed in plain clothes, holding her hand and choking, and she couldn't remember much. However, there is a parting cloud: "I wish to hate the sky and the moon, and I still have to pay my respects to Lang Yuan every year." I don't know why I got this because I didn't write a poem, but I feel endowed after I feel it.

Qinyuanchun is a poem about dreaming, which is as passionate and tearful as Su Shi's Jiang Chengzi Yimao's Dream on the 2th day of the first month. The hatred of the deceased wife is also the hatred contained in Nalan Xingde. Since people can't reunite, they will turn into an ice moon, even if there is a lack of yin, there will still be a round time. The ancients mourned or wept alone, or cared for each other. Nalan Xingde was not singing a monologue alone, but was "echoed" by his dead wife. Although this kind of dialogue can't happen in the real world, it is a powerful proof that Nalan Xingde's mourning poems pursue spiritual communication.

Nalan Xingde's eulogy is a "dialogue" between people who cherish flowers and flowers.

judging from the part of speech of mourning words, flowers should be the dead and those who cherish flowers should be the living, that is to say, Lu Rui is a flower and Nalan Rong Ruo is a flower-loving person. Lushi Mingrui, whose name smells like flowers, says that she is a flower, which makes sense. "Bury a famous flower in a cold rain for one night" ("Shan Huazi (the home of a barren platform under the forest)"), "While the stars are shining and the moon is shining, the soul is in the pear flower" ("Mourning in the Spring of the Garden"), Lu Rui is compared to a flower. Nalan Xingde loves Lu Rui deeply, and it is also reasonable to say that he is a flower-loving person. Even though "I don't make a flower-loving sentence for fear of sentimentality" ("Die Lian Hua (Bleak Lan Cheng looks old)"), what is this sincere word, every word cherishes flowers, and every sentence does not pity flowers? This "duplicity" is even more affectionate.

However, when we carefully read these mourning words, we will find such a wonderful phenomenon. In many cases, the roles of the flower-loving person and the flower-loving person are integrated and exchanged. Nalan Xingde stands in the position of the flower, and Lu Rui stands in the position of the flower-loving person. The phrase "the flower-loving person goes to spend without the owner" ("Die Lian Hua") skillfully reverses the roles of the flower-loving person and the flower, instead of pursuing unilateral pity, it sublimates two-way love. In such a dialogue between flower lovers, it doesn't matter who is the flower and who is the flower lover, or even whether the flower lovers and flowers exist or not. What matters is that such a true feeling has stirred in each other's hearts and crossed the boundary between life and death, burning forever.

Nalan Xingde started the beautiful style of mourning poems.

Yuan Zhen's famous eulogy "From Thinking" "There was once a shipwreck, forever amber. Take the second time to look back from laziness, and half-edge cultivation is half-edge. " It shows the sadness that love can't transcend life and death and the author's full of sorrow. The sentence of the sea and Wushan is a classic. Shi Dazu's eulogy "Remembering Yaoji and Riding the Mourning of the Province" is also a grief, which can't be cut off. These poems are all chants of the soul, the interweaving of the author's blood and tears and the gushing of emotions. If it is said that before Nalan Xingde, mourning poems were mainly based on sadness, then Nalan Xingde's mourning poems, while inheriting the characteristics of mourning poems that are sincere and deeply grieved, add a fresh color to mourning poems, a literary work with melancholy and grief as the main tone.

Nalan Xingde's mourning poems reveal a gentle and beautiful style in his grief, which has something to do with the fact that "he was new to the Central Plains and was not infected with the habits of the Han people, so he can be true" [2], and the role played by the capture of mourning intention can not be ignored. Looking at Nalan Xingde's mourning poems, the use of pear flowers and the moon has added pure color to his second works, which has a great influence on Nalan Xingde's unique style of mourning poems.

In Nalan Xingde's mourning poems I mentioned, there are a lot of intentions such as pear blossom and moon. Among them, the moon appeared 19 times, and pear flowers, buried flowers, flowers, fragrant and fragrant flowers appeared 29 times. Pear flower and moon have been used in the history of mourning poems. For example, Su Shi's two mourning poems involved pear flower and moon respectively. In his famous eulogy "Dream on the 2th day of the first month of Jiangchengzi Yimao", the moon appeared. "It's expected to be heartbroken every year, moonlit night, and short pine hillock." Pear blossoms appeared in Xijiang Moon. "Mr. Su is often too pink, and his lips will not fade when he washes makeup. High emotions chase Xiaoyun, not dreaming with pear flowers. " These two words are respectively for mourning his wife and his beloved concubine Chao Yun.

It is no accident that pear blossoms and the moon appear frequently in Nalan Xingde's mourning poems.

These images are the life landscapes of Nalan Xingde and Lu Rui. Before Lushi's death, he and Lushi often boiled water and poured tea on the cloister, next to the pear flower and under Leng Yue, and talked about things, so that's why "The recent flowers (who read the west wind alone and cool)" in "Sleeping hard by wine, gambling books have spilled tea." At that time, it was only normal. " This is a situation where the vertical and horizontal are intertwined, which not only records the past and the present, but also foresees the sad future; It is not only the focus of thoughts, but also the radiation of emotions. In this situation, the protagonists are Rong Ruo and Lu Rui, and the theme is always love and the difficulty of fulfilling vows. After Lu's death, these situations often appeared in his ci, which made the ci and scene blend and reached the realm of "emotion is scenery, and scenery is emotion". Not only that, both the pear flower and the moon have the color of ice muscle, which contains a hint of sadness. Although they are used in ci, they are not as incisive and straightforward as calling for life and death and calling for melancholy, but they have a natural and pure taste in their hearts.

Half a month after Lu's death, pear blossoms appeared in Nalan Xingde's first mourning poem, Mourning for the Wet Blue. On the que "blue wet all over, with Iraq to comfort me, endure and forget each other. Half a month ago, I was ill, and the sound of scissors was still in the silver. Remembering being born, being timid and empty. Up to now, being alone with the pear flower shadow is cold and bleak. I am willing to point to the soul and know the way, and teach the dream to return to the corridor. " It can be seen that before Lushi's death, Rong Ruo often walked in the cloister with pear blossoms. Therefore, after Lushi's death, Rong Ruo sent out the mourning of "being alone with pear blossoms" and the true feelings of "wishing to know the way by pointing to the soul, teaching to seek dreams and returning to the cloister". As for the moon, because "I hate to be the moon in the sky, and I still have to go to Lang Yuan every year ("Qinyuan Spring (three days before the Double Ninth Festival) "), Nalan Xingde often sees the moon as a person and is in love with it. The phrase "Hard work is the most pitying for the sky and the moon ("Recent Flowers ")" shows where will you go's helplessness to the fullest.

Butterfly Lovers

Hard work is the most pity for the sky and the moon, and one evening is like a ring, and the evening becomes a sigh. If the moon is bright at last, I will not hesitate to be hot with snow and ice.

it's easy to die without that dust, but the swallow remains, said the soft curtain hook. After singing the autumn grave, the sorrow did not rest, and the spring bush recognized the amphibious butterfly.

this is a pure white and clean mourning, except for the burdensome sadness and the lingering lyricism, leaving only an icy feeling. The moon is cold, but the heart is hot. Such a mixture of cold and hot makes the turbulent sadness recede from the turbulent waves, and it also fades away from the worldly troubles, adding the depth and tranquility like a clear pool and tending to nature.

The beauty of this kind of mourning words is not only related to his intention, but also the embodiment of his deep affection for his dead wife. Because the feelings are extremely deep, instead of deliberately pursuing sadness, just letting the feelings in your heart flow naturally is enough to move the world. In The Book of Songs, the man caressed his clothes and recalled his wife's virtue, whether he was sad inside or outside. Another example is Mei Yaochen's Mourning for His Wife: "They became husband and wife in the seventeenth year. It is not enough to be together with each other, and now it is forever lost! How white my temples are, I'd rather be safe for a long time. In the end, I will be in the same hole, and I will not die. " Is sadness and melancholy a word "sorrow"? These two mourning works are the expression of true feelings. The sadness of Nalan Xingde's mourning words is more like consolation and greeting.

The blue clothes are wet all over the place. If you comfort me with kindness, you will forget each other. Half a month ago, I was ill, and the sound of scissors was still in the silver. Remembering being born, being timid and empty. Up to now, being alone with the pear flower shadow is cold and bleak. May the soul know the way, and teach you to find dreams and return to the cloister.

a stone's throw from the jade hook is generally easy to digest. Sentenced to wake up from a long sleep, and clear tears, stir in pepper paste. I'm afraid the deep spring will still hurt me. Taoist scholars should give up their lives, and then stop worrying about powder and fragrance. It's hard to ban the inch-splitting and soft-hearted.

people are dead, and those who live in the world are the most painful. At such a time of grief, Nalan didn't think of his own loneliness, and unlike the ancients, he was sad that there was no one to take care of his life. He thought of his dead wife who had passed away and didn't know anything about the world. He was afraid that his dead wife would be "still hurt for me" in the grave. Not only that, but also in his wife's tone, he said, "A Taoist scholar should rest his life, and then worry about his health." The scene of mutual comfort seems to be in front of him, and it is even more obvious that the two have a long relationship. The beautiful style of Nalan's mourning words stems from this mutual pity. Xu Zhimo has a famous saying: "I will visit my only soul mate in the vast sea of people, and I am lucky to get it;" No, my life. That's all. "[3] Rong Ruo's Lu Rui is lucky, but she can't escape life and death? x?