What is wap?

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is a wireless application protocol and a global network communication protocol. WAP provides a common standard for the mobile Internet, and its goal is to introduce the rich information and advanced services of the Internet into wireless terminals such as mobile phones. WAP defines a universal platform that converts the current HTML language information on the Internet into information described in WML (Wireless Markup Language) and displays it on the mobile phone's display. WAP only requires the support of mobile phones and WAP proxy servers, and does not require any changes to the existing mobile communication network protocols. Therefore, it can be widely used in GSM, CDMA, TDMA, 3G and other networks. Wireless Application Communication Protocol - Application and Principle Users can obtain information through WAP with the help of wireless handheld devices, such as handheld computers, mobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smart phones, etc. WAP supports most wireless networks, including GSM, CDMA, CDPD, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDen, TETEA, DECT, DataTAC, and Mobitex. All operating systems support WAP, including PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9 and JavaOS specifically designed for handheld devices. Some handheld devices, such as handheld computers, use WAP to access the Internet after installing a micro-browser. The micro-browser file is very small, which can better solve the limitations of small memory of handheld devices and low wireless network bandwidth. Although WAP can support HTML and XML, WML is a language specifically designed for small screens and keyboard-less handheld devices. WAP also supports WMLScript. This scripting language is similar to JavaScript, but has lower memory and CPU requirements because it basically has no useless features that other scripting languages ??contain. Wireless Application Communication Protocol - WAP Protocol WAP (Wireless Communication Protocol) is a global open standard for communication between digital mobile phones, the Internet or other personal digital assistants (PDAs), computer applications and even future information appliances. The birth of this standard is the result of the efforts of members of the WAP Forum, which was jointly formed in June 1997 by Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola and UnwiredPlanet. Through WAP technology, a large amount of Internet information and various services can be introduced into wireless terminals such as mobile phones and PALM. No matter where and when you need information, you can open your WAP phone and enjoy endless online information or online resources. WAP can run on various wireless networks, such as GSM, GPRS, CDMA, etc. WML is the English abbreviation of Wireless Markup language. Mobile phones that support WAP technology can browse Internet content described by WML. WML is an XML-based markup language that is used to standardize how narrow-band devices, such as mobile phones and pagers, display content and user interfaces. Because of the narrow band, WML is subject to some limitations, such as smaller displays, limited user input devices, narrow band network connections, limited memory and resources, etc. WML supports text and picture display. In terms of content organization, a page is a Card, and a group of Cards constitutes a Deck. When the user makes a browsing request to the server, WML will send the entire Deck to the client's browser, and the user can browse the contents of all Cards in the Deck without downloading each Card separately from the network. Through WAP technology, a large amount of information and various services from the Internet can be introduced into wireless terminals such as mobile phones and PALM. No matter when and where information is needed, users can enjoy endless online information or online resources by turning on the WAP phone. Such as: comprehensive news, weather forecast, stock market dynamics, business reports, current exchange rates, etc. E-commerce and online banking will also be implemented one by one.

Through WAP mobile phone users can also obtain sports competition results, entertainment industry anecdotes, etc. anytime and anywhere to add spice to life. They can also use the online booking function to arrange their lives in an orderly manner. WAP protocols include the following: 1. WirelessApplicationEnvironment (WAE) 2. WirelessSessionLayer (WSL) 3. WirelessTransactionLayer (WTP) 4. WirelessTransportLayerSecurity (WTLS) 5. Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) Among them, the WAE layer contains micro-browser, WML, WMLSCRIPT interpreter and other functions. The WTLS layer provides basic security functions for wireless e-commerce and wireless encrypted data transmission. A very important guiding principle of the WAP Forum is to make WAP consistent with existing standards as much as possible to protect the investments of manufacturers and application developers to the greatest extent. To a large extent, the existing WWW programming model is utilized. Application developers can continue to use their familiar programming models and utilize existing tools (such as Web servers, XML tools), etc. In addition, the WAP programming model also optimizes and expands the original WWW programming model according to the communication characteristics of the wireless environment. In terms of bandwidth considerations, WAP uses a "lightweight protocol stack" to optimize current protocol layer conversations, minimizing the bandwidth requirements for wireless mobile phones to access the Internet, ensuring that existing wireless networks can comply with WAP specifications. Mobile phones can save a lot of wireless bandwidth for wireless networks by using the WAP protocol stack. For example, to complete a stock index query operation, if it is completed through a desktop browser using HTTP 1.0, it will be more involved than through a WAP browser. The packet communication volume is more than twice as large. The WAP protocol uses less than half the number of packets used by the standard HTTP/TCP/IP protocol stack. At present, WAP is not mature enough in many aspects, but it is enough to open up a new communication field and provide sufficient technical standard foundation for wireless networks to make the Internet truly ubiquitous. WAP currently mainly uses two versions, 1.2 and 2.0. The latter is the trend. Low-end mobile phones can only browse version 1.2. Currently, mainstream mobile phones already support version 2.0. With version 2.0, the content browsed on mobile phones is more vivid, and you can also browse content like The computer website also has background music and background pictures, making the originally monotonous mobile web page colorful. "The core of WAP Advertising 2.0 is to allow mobile phone users to participate more in the shaping, dissemination and viral marketing of advertising, creating a virtuous cycle of advertising and creating more value for advertisers, media and customers!" Baifen Tonglian proposed " WAP Advertising 2.0" concept, and launched WAP advertising products based on this concept. Using the publishing system (L-Sense) to segment users, it can achieve extremely detailed and professional division of mobile phone users and customer groups, based on user customization. By better controlling the type, quantity, time and area of ??advertising, we can achieve the best results with strong targeting, low output, and high output value. For example, for people who are also walking near the convention and exhibition center, the star-chasing mobile phone shows that a famous singer is holding a fan club on the second floor, while the mobile phone of an IT practitioner shows that there is an Internet economy on the fifth floor. During the seminar, the mobile phone of a father with an eight-year-old child told him that McDonald's or KFC on the first floor had launched a new children's meal, etc. This means that it can provide different value-added services to different users that meet their needs. Wireless Application Communication Protocol - Technical Characteristics In the past, wireless Internet access has been limited by mobile phone devices and wireless networks. WAP makes full use of Internet standards such as XML, UDP and IP. Many of its procedures are based on Internet standards such as HTTP and TLS, but are optimized to overcome the low bandwidth, high latency and connection problems in the original wireless environment. The disadvantage of poor stability. Original Internet standards such as HTML, HTTP, TLS and TCP are far from meeting the requirements for mobile networks because of the huge amounts of text data that need to be transmitted.

It is no longer possible to effectively display standard HTML content on the small screens of pocket cell phones and pagers. WAP uses binary transmission to compress data more, and its optimization features are suitable for longer latency (long latency) and low bandwidth. WAP's session system can handle intermittent coverage while operating under varying conditions of wireless transmission. WML and WML Script are used to create WAP content that maximizes use of small screen displays. WAP content can be displayed from a two-line text screen on a modern smart phone or other communicator, or it can be converted to a full image screen display. The lightweight WAP protocol stack memory is designed to minimize bandwidth requirements while maximizing the number of wireless network types that can provide WAP content. It is suitable for a variety of networks, such as Global System for Mobile Communications GSM900, GSM1800 and GSM1900; Transitional Standard (IS)-136; European standard DECT; Time Division Multiple Access; Personal Communications Services, High Speed ??Paging (FLEX) and Code Division Multiple addresses, etc. It also supports all network technologies and bearer services, including Short Message Service (SMS), Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Circuit Switched Cellular Data (DSD), Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) and Universal Packet Radio Business (GPRS). Because WAP is based on a scalable layered structure, each layer can develop independently of other layers. This allows the introduction of other bearer services or the use of new transmission procedures without requiring changes to other layers. WAP enables users with small wireless devices such as mobile phones and PDAs that can browse the Internet to access information on the go. WAP takes into account the limitations of those devices and the flexibility required by these users. Limitations of handheld WAP devices Compared with PCs, WAP devices have: Low resolution, small display, limited input device capacity, and importantly, no fixed-point device provided, low-power CPU, less memory and less stable energy, narrow network bandwidth, and The connection is less stable. The flexibility brought by WAP Compared with HTML-C, the WAP standard does not specify what form the WAP device should be. This is extremely beneficial to equipment manufacturers, allowing them to produce a variety of different types of equipment to meet different needs. In the near future, the market's requirements for WAP devices will be based on different browser display sizes, input devices, and memory sizes, thus promoting the development and progress of WAP devices in new technologies and solutions. Connecting to the Internet through the use of mobile phones will soon become a standard, and WAP is the technical tool to achieve this standard. Today, the number of mobile phone Internet users is growing faster than the number of PC Internet users. This means that in the near future, most new mobile phones will be equipped with WAP browsers. Wireless users with WAP devices can obtain related services provided through the Internet, and the network pages are compiled in HTML format. By then, for many or even the vast majority of users, WAP devices will become a common tool for obtaining these services. Wireless Application Communication Protocol - What WAP can do WAP can bring great convenience to life, so that you who are inconvenient to use a computer can also use WAP to download mobile phone pictures, mobile software, mobile phone themes, and interact wirelessly with netizens around the world. , you can also go to BBS to share your new photos with your friends, and even buy what you need through WAP. Wireless Application Communication Protocol - The method to resist malicious attacks is to set the IP control content in the WAP gateway. Setting the IP control content includes: setting the IP that is allowed to use the WAP gateway and the service provider SP that the IP allows access to; WAP gateway According to the set IP control content, determine whether the user's IP is an IP that is allowed to use the WAP gateway. If not, the WAP gateway directly rejects the user's request; otherwise, it will then determine whether the SP requesting access allows access, such as If allowed, the WAP gateway forwards the user request to the SP, and the WAP gateway continues the subsequent process; otherwise, the WAP gateway rejects the user request.