Can humans be transplanted to other planets?

We are not sure yet, at least there is not enough evidence! But this issue is very controversial!

Are there aliens in space? If so, do you want to communicate with aliens? On July 5, 2003, an American private space company organized an action called "Cosmic Call". Participants can send a short message to their imaginary aliens by paying about $25, and they can also specify the planet to receive the "telegram".

* * * 90,000 people sent text messages. Their imagination is often greater than the knowledge about life and the origin of life that human beings have at present.

X life body

The information sent to outer space includes information about the earth and human beings expressed in mathematical language. The rest also includes the information sent to the universe by Arecibo Observatory at 1974.

Astronomers believe that Mars and the Earth are very similar when they were young. Other scientists found fossils on the earth, indicating that life on the earth was born "only" 654.38 billion years ago (while the earth is now 4.5 billion years old). Maybe there is life on Mars, too?

Doubt prompted scientists to look for life in the coldest, hottest and most uninhabitable places on earth. As a result, they found billions of kinds of life: single-celled organisms living in Antarctic lakes, bacteria deep in the earth's crust, and many caterpillars attached to underwater craters.

Scientists call it life form X, that is, life form in extreme environment.

Scientists say that microorganisms are the most widely distributed life forms on earth. It is estimated that if the weight of every living thing on the earth (from microbes and monkeys to redwoods and blue whales) can be calculated, then the weight of microbes may account for more than half of the total weight of all living things. In soil, microorganisms can help transform minerals into chemicals that plants can use. In the ocean, microorganisms are food for large organisms. In the stomach of mammals, microorganisms can help digest food. Microorganisms can also help change the chemical composition of the surrounding environment. A large number of microorganisms existed when the earth was young may have brought the initial oxygen into the atmosphere, thus allowing other life forms to appear and grow.

In fact, scientists say that it was these early microorganisms that "taught" plants how to carry out photosynthesis.

The most tenacious microorganisms can be seen in Yellowstone National Park. Many microorganisms found around hot springs rely on photosynthesis to form large sticky pads. There are more species found on a square centimeter mat than on several square kilometers of tropical rain forest.

Yellowstone National Park is an excellent place to study X life, because it provides the most diverse microbial environment-from almost pure acidic water to extremely alkaline water. 1964, biologist Thomas Brock discovered microorganisms at the source of hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. In the following summer, he discovered algae living in water at 60 degrees Celsius and microorganisms living in water at 82 degrees Celsius. It can be said that Brock found life in hot water. The discovery of these microorganisms has expanded the scope of life defined by biologists. Could they be our ancestors?

Craters and deep underground

However, do all microorganisms need light to survive? No. Take microbes living in submarine craters as an example. They live on the bottom of the sea where sunlight can't reach. 1977, scientists visited a crater in the Pacific Ocean. They were surprised to find that there was life everywhere-many caterpillars, shrimps, crabs and other creatures. The strangest thing is that those microbes who have never seen sunlight are at the bottom of the food chain. In fact, if there are no microorganisms in the body, caterpillars can't survive. Many caterpillars have no mouths, stomachs or other digestive organs. After the chemicals in the surrounding water seep into the body, the bacteria turn them into food that caterpillars can use.

Paul johnson, a marine geologist at Washington State University in Seattle, asked another question: If microbes can be found in the crater-because this is where magma erupts and forms the crust, can microbes be found in those ancient crusts?

The answer is yes. He found microbes in the crust more than 30 meters deep. The crust here has a history of 3.5 billion years. Although the newly formed crust quickly dropped from nearly 2000 degrees Celsius to tens of degrees Celsius below zero, the temperature of the old crust was 90 degrees Celsius.

No matter where you make a hole, you can find microbes on the seabed when you look deep into the seabed crust. The crust on the seabed accounts for 70% of the earth's "surface area".

Does life come from outer space?

It is also speculated that life molecules come from outer space. The International Space Station will soon install a set of special facilities to study the effects of outer space on microorganisms and verify whether life can migrate from one planet to another. Life is difficult to exist in outer space, not only because of excessive dehydration in the outer space environment, but also because of the irradiation of cosmic rays and solar ultraviolet rays. But in a six-year experiment conducted in 1990s, 70% of Bacillus subtilis survived. This shows that life can adapt to the outer space environment as long as proper protective measures are taken.

Can life reach the earth from outer space? Astrophysicist Fred Hoyle pointed out that some bacteria were brought to the earth by comets. Some scientists believe that many basic elements of life are attached to drifting rocks. The evidence supporting this view is that there are some bubbles on some meteorites found, and the gas inside is left over from the formation of the solar system. Some papers point out that these bubbles are made of carbon atoms and are wrapped in asteroids and comets during their formation, and the substances in the bubbles are not released until one of the stars falls to the earth. This discovery supports another hypothesis that the gas that makes up the earth's atmosphere came from outer space 4 billion years ago.