Information about garbage collection and disposal

Municipal solid waste treatment abroad: recycling of municipal solid waste in Finland

In the past 20 years, the Finnish government has continuously improved the treatment methods of urban garbage, from complete dumping and burial to classified recycling, and recently put forward a series of measures to reduce garbage to minimize the amount of garbage and its pollution.

Helsinki, the capital of Finland, has 3 15 kg of domestic garbage per capita every year. The effective classification and recovery of municipal waste is not only beneficial to maintaining the urban environment, but also can turn waste into treasure. According to the garbage law promulgated by Finland 1994, garbage makers must sort the garbage and then send it to the garbage treatment plant by garbage trucks for sorting and recycling. According to the Waste Law, the Capital Waste Management Bureau has formulated specific regulations: for apartment buildings, office buildings, shops and restaurants that produce more than 50 kilograms of waste paper and cardboard every week, waste paper and cardboard must be classified and put into special garbage bins; Where 10 households or more, residential buildings that produce more than 50 kilograms of biological waste every week, special biological garbage bins must be set up. Biological waste refers to degradable organic compounds, such as leftover food, weeds and plants. The booklet "Guide to Domestic Waste" printed by the Waste Management Bureau specifically guides residents on how to sort and recycle garbage.

In residential areas and shopping centers of various towns in Finland, there are garbage sorting and recycling bins with different colors. Finns are used to putting old newspapers, empty glass bottles and old clothes accumulated at home into sorting and recycling bins when they go out, or sending the garbage directly to the sorting and recycling points of three garbage disposal centers in Helsinki. The recycling point sends metal waste to the metal treatment plant for recycling, glass bottles to the glass factory for raw materials, waste wood to the thermal power plant for fuel, and waste paper and cardboard to be reused by the paper mill. For harmful waste, such as waste oil, sulfuric acid, batteries, medicines, etc., the waste management bureau sends a special car to recycle them in spring and autumn every year, and then sends them to a factory specializing in harmful waste for special incineration, and uses the heat generated by incineration to generate electricity.

Take it from the people and use it for the people. The cost of treating urban garbage comes from the garbage disposal fee paid by residents, and the amount of the fee is determined according to the capacity of the garbage bin and the dumping times. In order to encourage residents to sort garbage, the fees for sorting garbage are generally much lower than those for mixed garbage.

Relevant departments in Finland attach great importance to environmental protection in the process of garbage disposal. Aimersoo Waste Treatment Center is located 25 kilometers away from Helsinki, the capital, and is the largest waste treatment center in Northern Europe. It was built in 1987 with 30 employees and covers an area of 190 hectares. In 200 1 year, the garbage disposal capacity of the center reached 680,000 tons, of which 3 1 10,000 tons were recycled.

In August this year, a newly designed garbage sorting and recycling station was put into use in this center. Residents and enterprises in the nearby area can directly drive to the garbage sorting platform of the recycling station and put the garbage into the corresponding recycling trailer box according to the signs on the sorting signs.

There is also a biological waste decomposition plant in the center, which specializes in degrading biological waste and finally making it into fertilizer soil. In 200 1 year, the high-quality garden fertilizer soil produced by this factory reached10.5 million cubic meters.

After all kinds of garbage are classified and recycled, a considerable amount of mixed garbage is still dumped in the landfill. In order to further reduce the amount of garbage dumped into the landfill, the center plans to build a new mixed garbage treatment plant in 2005, reclassify the remaining mixed garbage, and finally transport only the unrecoverable garbage (such as plastics) to the landfill. This not only greatly reduces the land area of the landfill, but also does not produce odor to pollute the air because the biological waste is completely separated. In addition, the mixed waste treatment plant will separate nearly 200,000 tons of combustible waste every year, which can generate 600,000 kWh of energy.

In recent years, the center has paid special attention to improving environmental protection measures to minimize the impact on the surrounding environment. The center monitors the air quality and underground seepage in the surrounding areas, collects the seepage generated by garbage disposal in temporary reservoirs and introduces it to nearby sewage treatment plants for treatment. At the same time, advanced equipment will be installed in landfill sites to recover biogas, and biogas power stations will be built for residents in surrounding areas.

According to the planning of relevant departments, by 2007, the traditional way of dumping and burying garbage will be completely abandoned, all kinds of garbage will be used to the maximum extent, and the remaining garbage will also be used as fuel to generate heat energy.

In recent years, waste reduction has become the starting point of urban waste treatment in Finland. On August 14 this year, the Finnish government adopted a plan to nearly double the garbage tax within three years to reduce the amount of garbage in the country.

In order to reduce the amount of garbage as soon as possible and improve the utilization rate of garbage, the Finnish government will also take other effective measures. For example, impose certain restrictions on the biological waste dumped into the garbage dump; Increase the responsibility of product manufacturers and importers in dealing with their related garbage and so on. In addition, relevant government departments will further participate in and promote the development of garbage disposal industry and strengthen scientific research and training on garbage disposal.