How to reduce rescue casualties among fire fighters has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved

In the first three months of 2013, there were 5 casualties among officers and soldiers due to fire-fighting and emergency rescue accidents, causing 5 officers and soldiers to die and 10 officers and soldiers to be injured. On March 13, the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security issued the "Notice on Improving and Strengthening the Fire Fighting and Rescue Safety Work of the Public Security Fire Forces", further regulating the firefighting forces in terms of learning, training, guarantees and discipline. Comprehensively summarize and discuss the countermeasures for combat training safety management. How to reduce casualties in combat training among officers and soldiers has become an urgent problem that grassroots firefighting forces need to solve.

1. Objective factors: The situation at the fire fighting and rescue scene was complicated

On February 25, 2013, a fire broke out in a house in Chenbu Village, Wuyang Town, Ruijin City, Jiangxi Province. Firefighter Wang Chao's squadron went to the scene for rescue. The house that burned was an adobe-timber structure, with 45 houses surrounding it, making it easy to form a "burning camp".

Suddenly, the fire was about to spread to the east where there were the most contiguous houses. The commander decisively ordered soldier Long Zongbao to carry a water gun deep into the patio of the burning building to stop the fire. Wang Chao, who was originally only responsible for taking photos and videos, took the initiative to serve as the second officer and charge to the fire scene. At this time, the adobe wall on the east side of the burning building collapsed. "Flash!" Wang Chao, who was standing at the front, exclaimed, turned around and pushed his comrade Long Zongbao, but he was instantly buried under the collapsed earth. Brick.

The instant collapse of a building is only one of the main causes of firefighter casualties. Fire fighting and rescue are hard labor and work. The situation at the fire fighting and rescue scene is extremely complex, and unpredictable events and disasters often occur, resulting in injuries or even death of fire fighters. During fire fighting and rescue, in addition to the instant collapse of buildings, objective factors such as sudden flashover and self-explosion at the fire site, and high concentrations of toxic gases leading to hypoxia, have become the main causes of casualties among fire fighters.

“With the rapid development of our country’s economic construction, fires and other disaster accidents are increasing. As the main force in fire fighting and rescue operations, the public security firefighting force, we are facing many new situations and new problems, such as With the expansion of cities and the increase of high-rise buildings, fires in high-rise buildings, underground engineering fires, and petrochemical fires are all global problems, which are very difficult and dangerous to put out," said the relevant person in charge of the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security. people say.

On March 20 this year, Quan Zhanrong, a cadre of the Suzhou fire brigade, unfortunately slipped into the sink while performing fire-fighting rescue and was instantly submerged in hot paraffin solution and died heroically; on March 9, Shanxi Yang Jun, a cadre of the Yuanping City Fire Squadron, died heroically to cover the retreat of his comrades during the process of extinguishing the mountain fire; on January 1, Yin Jinliang, Chen Wei, and Yin Zhihui, cadres of the Hangzhou Fire Brigade, went deep into the fire scene while performing fire-fighting tasks. Fire fighting and rescue, unfortunately sacrificed...

Complex traffic conditions have also become the cause of casualties among officers and soldiers. On February 10, He Zhengqiang, a former soldier from the fire brigade of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, was on his way to fight the fire when he died on the slippery road. As a result, the fire truck lost control and rolled over, and He Zhengqiang unfortunately died heroically to protect his comrades; on February 2, Luo Jianjun, a former soldier of the Baoji City Fire Detachment in Shaanxi Province, was on his way to the rescue. In order to avoid pedestrians crossing the road and protect his comrades, the vehicle lost control and rolled over. Seriously injured, unfortunately sacrificed...

2. Subjective factors: Blind attack without familiarity with the procedures

Ideologically and psychologically, the role of protective equipment was not valued. After purchasing equipment, some grassroots commanders and fighters are afraid of damaging the equipment during training, such as fire field communication equipment and equipment, and they are shelved. They do not regularly organize learning, familiarity and operation, and people and equipment cannot achieve the best combination of combat effectiveness. Some commanders and combatants act blindly and recklessly in fire fighting, are brave enough, and think they have enough experience. They are unwilling or incompetent to use personal protective equipment or use it improperly, causing unnecessary casualties.

Failure to understand the principles of maintenance, care and use of equipment, failure to implement management systems for the use of firefighter protective equipment, and blind use of equipment at firefighting and rescue sites. Unreasonable use of equipment often leads to firefighter casualties. Phenomenon.

Failure to understand site requirements and standards for safety protection. Due to the lack of systematic professional training in normal times and insufficient knowledge of various safety protection knowledge at fire-extinguishing and rescue sites such as climbing operations, breaking down doors and windows, and gas leaks, accidents such as falls and poisoning occurred among combatants.

When a squadron was dealing with a high-temperature and high-temperature oil boiler fire, due to neglect of personal protection, he was burned by a sudden splash of high-temperature fuel while inspecting the fire scene; when a squadron was dealing with a leak from a chlorine residual bottle, the squadron commander mistakenly believed that the leakage was small. , without wearing air respirators, he laid a water hose 50 meters downwind and organized a rescue operation. After the battle, three officers and soldiers suffered from dizziness, vomiting and other minor poisoning symptoms.

Many grassroots commanders themselves have insufficient fire-fighting experience. Once they arrive at the scene, they often do not conduct a clear reconnaissance of whether the power is cut off, whether there are dangerous chemicals, whether there is any danger of explosion, etc., and they rush to watch the fire. When the general situation of the situation and disaster is known, they are eager to deploy forces to organize an attack. At the same time, the method of launching combat attacks is affected by the previous fire-fighting deployment methods, and there are misunderstandings in the mindset.

Equipment + system protects the safety of officers and soldiers

“Perfect equipment and systems are an important guarantee for the safety of officers and soldiers on fire fighting and rescue sites.” The relevant person in charge of the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security said that in recent years, the country The fiscal and local governments have jointly invested more than 4 billion yuan to build an integrated firefighting information system including a firefighting and rescue command system. At present, the firefighting force has more than 27,000 vehicles of various types for fire-fighting and emergency rescue duty, and more than 4.24 million pieces (sets) of special equipment for protection, detection, life-saving, and demolition. Among them, concrete hydraulic demolition tool sets, radar life detectors, and rock drills increased by 141 times, 10 times, and 7 times respectively compared with 2008.

Zhejiang: Taking advantage of the "information beacon" to take the initiative

On January 1, 2013, a fire broke out at Hangzhou Youcheng Machinery Co., Ltd., Guali Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City. Three fire officers and soldiers died. Reflecting on past fires, complete personal protective equipment will inevitably enable safe fire extinguishing to a certain extent, but only by armed with advanced equipment with high technological content and achieving the best combination of people and equipment can we truly form combat effectiveness.

In the event of a fire or distress, when people call for help, they hope that rescuers will appear at the fire scene immediately like supermen. Firefighters don't want to arrive a minute earlier, but there are too many uncontrollable factors in reality. For example, the local dialect of Wenzhou, Zhejiang is very complicated. In the daily process of receiving calls, they cannot understand or understand the expressions of the caller, which often troubles the responding personnel. . In mid-July, the National Police Geographic Information Application Promotion Field Meeting held in Wenzhou solved this problem.

Suppose a fire breaks out somewhere in Wenzhou city, and the reporting personnel calls 119, and the geographic information system has already located the alarm phone number. After successful positioning, relevant information such as fire water sources and key fire safety units within 500 meters of the fire location will be displayed. It can also calculate the nearby fire squadron with the shortest arrival time.

This alarm-receiving platform also has a MMS function - after the caller ends the call, he can send pictures of the scene to the alarm-receiving system through MMS on his mobile phone, so that the responding police officer can understand the situation at the scene.

Through road monitoring, vehicle flow monitoring and other equipment, the command center can not only know the dynamics of police vehicles, but also view and grasp the disaster situation on site in real time.

This is particularly important for a global commander - because he can achieve visual command and dispatch through this map.

Advanced equipment effectively makes up for the shortcomings of the safety awareness of officers and soldiers in combat training, which is "strong and weak, strong at the top and weak at the bottom, old and strong, new and weak". With just a click of the mouse, you can understand the on-site situation and master the Fire fighting and rescue initiative.

In recent years, a large number of information technology equipment has armed the Zhejiang Provincial Fire Force, becoming a powerful assistant for firefighting officers and soldiers in firefighting and rescue. It has changed the "blind and deaf" situation in the past when they relied on running on their legs, shouting, and gesticulating with their hands. situation, so that fire officers and soldiers can protect their own safety in the battle of "the enemy advances and we retreat, the enemy retreats and we advance".

Jiangxi: The construction of "front-line command headquarters" has spawned combat effectiveness

In recent years, the Jiangxi Provincial Fire Corps has insisted on improving quality, standardizing operations, and implementing systems, and has continuously accelerated the development of detachment-level party committees. The process of work standardization, scientificization and institutionalization will further enhance the core role of the "front-line command" leadership. The solid "frontline command headquarters" played a backbone role in fire fighting and rescue.

“To establish a learning party organization, we must integrate theory with practice, beat in practice, and test with practice.” said the person in charge of the Jiangxi Provincial Fire Brigade.

The Jiangxi Corps has established a specific responsibility system for major tasks for the Party committee members of the Corps and detachments, and insists on tempering the team in major tasks and major activities. In the Fuzhou Singkai embankment burst rescue and the Dongxiang train derailment rescue, 65 detachment team members bravely stood in the queue , took the lead in setting an example, and led officers and soldiers to rescue and evacuate more than 48,000 people, giving full play to the exemplary and leading role of leading cadres. Scientific and effective command also effectively ensures the personal safety of on-site rescue officers and soldiers. The Jiangxi Corps has also strengthened its command and backup capabilities 8 hours away. It is clear that the chief officer of each detachment, brigade and squadron is the first person responsible for the safety work of the unit, and adheres to the principle of "whoever leads, who is responsible", "whoever directs, who is responsible", "whoever manages, who implements", "whoever makes a mistake, whoever makes the mistake will be pursued." Responsibility" principle.

In order to ensure that the implementation of the system does not deviate or change, the Jiangxi Corps has adopted measures such as the monthly report plan of the detachment party committee, the video spot check of the regiment, the release of the situation at the end of the month, and the regular dispatch of members of the regiment party committee to participate in the democratic life meetings of the detachment level unit. , Supervise and inspect the standardized construction of party committees. At the same time, we have established and improved the selection mechanism for "good team", "a pair of good chief officers" and outstanding leading cadres, expanded the proportion of work evaluation scores in the team assessment, and implemented the "selecting good team" with a unity and integrity evaluation satisfaction rate of less than 90%. The "one-vote veto" system has effectively promoted the implementation of rules and regulations and promoted the standardized operation of the team.

Guarding safety starts from the "heart"

As a qualified fire commander, he should have the ability to respond to various special situations and emergencies. In this way, people's subjective initiative can be effectively used in the process of fire fighting and rescue, and favorable opportunities can be grasped to minimize casualties and property losses, thereby achieving the final battle victory. Excellent fire fighters should have the psychological quality of "not changing their face even if the mountain collapses".

Safety in fire-fighting and rescue operations is the top priority of the fire brigade. However, only well-intentioned instructions and eye-catching slogans for safety work are far from enough. Only by starting from the "heart" and paying attention to the mental health of officers and soldiers can we improve safety. Safety work should be carried out in a practical manner.

Yangzhou: Building a Strong Psychological Barrier for Officers and Soldiers

After a questionnaire survey by the Yangzhou City Fire Brigade in Jiangsu Province, participating officers and soldiers believed that the cohesion of their collectives has been greatly improved. 92% of the officers and soldiers They all believed that the psychological pressure had been relieved, and generally reported that the current situation of low mood, lack of ambition, and confusion had been significantly improved.

In response to the actual situation of a small number of psychological counselors and a lack of psychological backbone in the army, the Yangzhou detachment signed a construction agreement with Yangzhou University and Wutaishan Hospital and hired 6 local psychological experts to participate in the detachment. Mental health services. In the past year, *** invited local experts to hold 3 video lectures and teach 16 hours of lectures for psychological key personnel. In the activity of "Psychological Services at the Grassroots Level", psychological experts and detachment psychological counselors organized more than 10 special counseling sessions.

At the beginning of this year, the Yangzhou detachment invested more than 80,000 yuan to build a psychological consultation room in the development zone brigade, equipped with music massage chairs, graffiti walls, vent boards and other facilities to promptly solve confusion and vent worries for officers and soldiers. .

Altay: "Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division" training

In view of the current differences in social experience, cultural level, and personality characteristics of fire fighters, in order to ensure the ideological stability of fire fighters and prevent safety accidents , Xinjiang Altay Fire Brigade adopted the "addition, subtraction, multiplication and division" method to effectively do a good job in the ideological and political work of officers and soldiers.

"Strengthen" political education and firmly grasp the lifeline of political work. By organizing watching TV news, reading newspapers, studying and discussing, etc., all officers and soldiers can further understand the country's major policies and continuously enhance the recruits' political awareness, overall awareness, and sense of responsibility.

"Reduce" psychological stress and ensure mental health. Relieve psychological pressure by regularly arranging phone calls and carrying out colorful police camp cultural activities, and effectively enhance the initiative and consciousness of training. Extensively carry out heart-to-heart discussions and give full play to the role of psychological counseling. Team leaders can understand thoughts, emotions and psychological changes at any time. Key personnel should pay attention to observation and analysis, and carry out targeted psychological work.

"Capitalize" on the style of Red Gate Cinema to create a strong cultural atmosphere of the police camp. Give full play to the role of the Red Gate Cinema and regularly broadcast a patriotic education blockbuster every week. Through a three-dimensional education method, all officers and soldiers can deeply understand the responsibilities and missions of the military, inherit and carry forward the heroic and tenacious style of the revolutionary martyrs, and inspire hard training to actively create a strong cultural atmosphere in the police camp.

"Eliminate" safety hazards and strictly prevent the occurrence of various safety accidents.

Carry out safety situation analysis every week and hold safety work analysis meetings regularly. Before each drill class and before and after dispatching police, we must inspect the fire scene duty equipment, training equipment, and training venues, and carry out warm-up activities before physical training as required.

How to carry out fire fighting and rescue safely and effectively

Strengthen safety education in combat training and enhance the safety awareness and psychological defense of officers and soldiers. Regularly organize and study the national firefighting and rescue accident reports, battle cases and video materials over the years, carry out various forms of safety education such as combat training lectures, safety lectures, case studies, etc., and guide personnel at all levels to summarize good experiences and practices and learn from accidents lessons, strengthen the safety awareness of officers and soldiers, resolutely overcome paralysis, strictly implement safety protection measures during fire-fighting and rescue, form a good atmosphere of "safety is always, everywhere, and everything", and integrate "speak safety, learn safety" into duty combat readiness, fire-fighting Every aspect of rescue and training, life and work.

Establish a systematic training mechanism for grassroots commanders to improve initial combat command capabilities. It is necessary to organize various forms of training on the basis of fully investigating the absenteeism content of grassroots commanders. Based on the principle of "what is missing, make up for it", organize the backbone of combat training business to thoroughly solve the problem through training classes, lectures, seminars, seminars, etc. In order to solve the problem of improving the command ability of grassroots commanders and improve the initial command ability of grassroots commanders by establishing a training and assessment bottom line, we can effectively put out the first fires and thereby reduce the occurrence of casualties.

Standardize the rules for safety protection and improve the practice of equipment design, maintenance and application principles. The current disaster scene is complex and the combat conditions are harsh. Without good equipment, it is difficult to provide personal protection, let alone complete the rescue mission. Firefighting forces at all levels must abandon the old ideas about the use of safety protection equipment and establish a new protection system adapted to operations under modern conditions. Grassroots units must summarize experience and good practices in protection according to the type of disaster and the actual situation on site, and form a team with the jurisdiction as a combat unit. With a complete set of safety protection usage rules, the squadron on duty must carry out practical application training and performance testing of air respirators, oxygen respirators, rescue equipment and other protective equipment, and master the performance of different models and brands of air (oxygen) respirators under different operating intensities. usage time and other combat performance. It is necessary to organize drivers to carry out adaptive training such as emergency dispatch, road driving, parking and water absorption under the condition of heavy fire trucks carrying water, so as to improve their abilities of safe driving and emergency avoidance. Ensure that officers and soldiers understand the principles, know how to operate and use them, and prevent casualties among officers and soldiers due to equipment failure and operational errors.

Strictly enforce on-site discipline and implement on-site safety responsibilities. Establish a safety responsibility system of "whoever commands, who is responsible", clarify the awareness that the military and political chiefs are the first persons responsible for the unit's safety work, implement a one-vote veto for units or individuals that violate the disciplines at the fire-fighting and rescue site and cause danger, and will not be included in the evaluation Within the scope of merit evaluation and meritorious service awards, if casualties occur due to improper organization, command or handling, on-site disciplines for fire fighting and emergency rescue must be strictly enforced, and relevant personnel and leaders must be held strictly accountable.