Why do you say that China's civilization has developed for five thousand years? Do Banpo culture and Longshan culture count?

1, "civilization" is a description of human social form. According to Marx and Engels' theory, the origin of civilization is the origin of class and country.

As a social form, "civilization" has formed an "imaginary isomorphism" in a relatively wide area from the perspective of human beings. Isomorphism has power center and hierarchical differentiation. People follow various social orders determined by this isomorphism, and they can organize themselves to achieve cooperation through this isomorphism.

In a word, "civilization" is an anthropological concept, which is used to describe the first society organized by social hierarchy beyond blood hierarchy.

However, due to the lack of materials, it is very difficult to study the social characteristics of ancient humans. Archaeologists often (not all) think that the social form of "civilization" can be embodied by the remains and relics of human production and life at that time, so archaeologists julia child and Mansel put forward a standard of 12 for early human civilization.

But this 12 point is based on the investigation of Lianghe and Egypt, two early civilized societies, by European and American scholars.

With the progress of early civilization research in America, East Asia and Africa, we find that some societies have obviously entered the stage of civilization, but they do not fully meet the above-mentioned 12 standard, so we have doubts about this 12 standard and think that one or more of them are not applicable to all early civilizations.

3. As far as China is concerned, based on archaeological discoveries and the reference and reflection on the standards of julia child and Mansel, some scholars have put forward civilized standards suitable for China, such as the six-point standard of "bronze smelting and casting, writing, city, state organization, palace and complex etiquette center" put forward by Zhang Guangzhi and the three-point standard of "writing, city and bronze" put forward by Mr. Xia Nai.

On the other hand, due to the high isomorphism between civilization and country, China scholars began to introduce the achievements of American anthropology to explain the origin of civilization, especially Seves' social evolution theory of "group → tribe → emirate → country". Since the emergence of a country is the birth of civilization, the origin of civilization can be reflected in how to evolve from an emirate to a country.

In western academic circles, the concept of "emirate" itself is very complicated and inconclusive.

Generally speaking, its main characteristics can be summarized as the following five points: the scale is larger than that of the tribe; There is a "stratification phenomenon" in society; ? The production level of agriculture and animal husbandry is higher than that of tribal society, and there are "intensive" factors; There is a pyramid-like power structure, and the chief is the center of the power structure; Tribes belonging to members of the alliance may not be related by blood.

4. But can the tabular standard respond to the initial intention of the definition of civilization? From the current point of view, there are also doubts. Some scholars believe that the characteristics of primitive countries are difficult to be directly confirmed in archaeological materials and cultural remains, and the current archaeological theory and anthropological theory can not explain the mechanism of the origin of civilization, so we should make a breakthrough in theory to understand it.

At present, archaeologists have learned that in the last 500 years of the Neolithic Age, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Xiliao River basins showed obvious characteristics of the times, such as polarization between the rich and the poor, sharp social contradictions and even obvious violent conflicts. This stage is called "Longshan Age", which may be the time point of China's ancient civilization and the origin of the country.

At the same time, the endless new discoveries in various places are quite different from the researchers' inherent understanding of the so-called primitive society with low level of equal productivity. How to understand the social state at that time is a new challenge for all scholars.

By the end of last century, basic archaeological materials had raised three new questions for studying the origin of a country:

First, with the widespread recognition of the theory of flora types in archaeology, a few archaeologists began to think about whether the pattern of China's ancient civilization has experienced the origin of other civilizations, in other words, whether the research theories, patterns and even terms of other ancient civilizations can be adopted in the study of China civilization.

Under the influence of this thought, the "multi-line evolution theory" which started around 1996 gradually expanded from the archaeological community to the whole academic community in China in the new century.

Secondly, from the "qualitative research" on whether to enter the civilization or national stage, to the discussion on the formation process of Chinese civilization.

In other words, I began to think about the process of the origin of ancient civilization in China, the social pattern and operation mechanism in the early stage of civilization, whether the social evolution process in different regions of China has gone through similar or the same road, and whether the social evolution in different regions is basically synchronized.

Thirdly, to what extent can China's ancient civilization, the origin of the country and the documentary records fit together. -Chang, A Review of the Research on the Origin of the State in China Academic Circles in the Past Twenty Years.

5. "Up and down five thousand years of civilization" is a slogan or slogan expression constructed in the field of common sense. Its meaning is to emphasize the independent origin and continuation of Chinese civilization. Five thousand years is also a divisor, not a real number.

From the common sense, Erlitou culture and surrounding settlements have formed at least three levels of central organizational forms, and bronze ritual vessels and palace sites have emerged, which are basically recognized as civilized societies, while Dawenkou culture, Hemudu culture and Yangshao culture are archaeological cultures in the pre-Longshan cultural era.

The complexity of society is not enough to enter a civilized society, but with the progress of research on Liangzhu culture in recent years, archaeologists have discovered a huge public project of Liangzhu culture-dam, and they have had a heated discussion on whether Liangzhu culture has entered a civilized stage.

Whether the Taosi site at the end of Longshan culture entered the stage of civilization is also one of the hot issues. The solution of the problem still needs further study and debate in academic circles.

It is a long way to go to study the 5,000-year history of civilization in China.

Shun Di, 4,200 years ago, is a master of the culture of Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Shangshu said: "Virtue is self-harmony". The moral culture created by Shun Di covers Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and even hundred schools of thought's "filial piety culture", "morality culture" and "harmony culture".

A nation's culture is the soul of the nation, bearing the national spirit and promoting the progress and development of the nation.

When we talk about the continuous development and perfection of Confucian culture created by Confucius from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song and Ming Dynasties, have you ever thought about the context expressed by Confucius:' Believe in the ancient but not do it, stealing the words of Lao Peng'?

When we talk about Confucius' saying that Yao and Shun must be called, and Mencius' assertion that "everyone can think of Yao and Shun" and expect that "600 million China will do its best", do we have the impulse to explore Yao and Shun's ideology and culture? When we curse that the invasion of western culture has led to the change of China people's values and seek to decode it in the national culture, have we ever wondered why Confucian culture once died out?

When we are caught in an impetuous, anxious and confused society, have you ever thought about exploring the original ecological moral culture created by Chinese ancestors?

When we question why among the four ancient civilizations in the world, China is the only one that lags far behind others, do we bear a grudge against the misleading of the "ancient skepticism" in China's history circle? Have you ever been accused of lagging behind in the study of ancient history involving conscience and conscience?

China people "sang" the "5,000-year history of Chinese civilization" for several years. But history is so stagnant that the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty was regarded as a mirage and put on hold for a long time. Although it is well known that the history of the legendary era does not mean that there is no history, no one has seriously investigated it.

Today's achievements in archaeological research and dynastic history have pushed the national chronology of China to 2070 BC. The research results of ancient history reveal to the times that the history of Chinese civilization can be traced back to 5000 years or even 1000 years.

We study Shun culture for three saints of different times, Ge Qing, Shun Di and Confucius, who have made great contributions to China culture. Is to sort out the origin of moral culture.

We inherit Shun culture in order to let the descendants of the Chinese nation scattered in every corner of the world sincerely identify with the history of Chinese civilization for 5,000 years. In order to realize the cultural revival in China's dream; It is to unite national feelings and achieve great ideological harmony, because human beings have a common ancestor.