What are the poems about Tao Yuanming's reclusive mentality in his anthology?

Tao Yuanming also had the ambition of "helping the poor" when he was young, but he struggled to be an official and only served as some small officials such as joining the army. He has only been Peng Zeling for eighty-one days, but the county magistrate came to Du You. The county official said, "I should show it to you." Yuan Ming sighed, "How can I bow to the children in the village for five buckets of rice!" That is, hanging the crown and leaving, giving "return."

Tracing back to the Xi word [Eastern Jin Dynasty] Tao Yuanming

Come back! Will the countryside destroy Hu Bugui? Since the heart is the form of service, isn't it sad? Without remonstrating with the past, you can pursue what you know. Not far from being lost, I feel that today is not yesterday.

The ship is far away and the wind is blowing. Asking for directions, ex-husband, hate dawn. It looks forward to Yu Heng and runs with joy. Welcome, son, waiting for the door. Three paths are barren, and pines and chrysanthemums are abundant. Bring children into the room, there will be wine bottles. Lead the pot to think for yourself and make the court happy. Leaning against the south window to send lofty sentiments, judge your knees to be comfortable. Garden Day includes fun, although the door is fixed and often closed. Help the old man to rest, and correct his head if he goes far. Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds don't know when to fly. The scenery is coming, lonely and lingering.

Come back, please rest assured that you will never travel again. The world is against me, what can I ask for? Please love words from relatives, play music and read books to eliminate worries. The farmer told Yu Yichun that he wanted to do something with Xichou. Or a towel cart, or a boat This is not only a gentle and elegant road to find ravines, but also a rugged road through hills. Wood is thriving and spring is blooming. When everything is fine, I feel that my journey of life is over.

I don't hold grudges anymore! How long does it take to get back into space? Do you want to stay? What is Hu Weiwei afraid of? Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected. When you are pregnant, you can go alone or with a stick. Deng and He Lin wrote poems together. Talking about riding to the end, Loew's fate is ridiculous?

Appreciation: "Gui Xi Ci" is a heroic declaration of returning home. Tao Yuanming sees through life with poetic heart and eyes, and touches the scenery with beautiful flowers. By reappearing the unfettered rural life and describing the natural scenery, he showed the poet's romantic feelings of advocating nature and pursuing freedom, and also reflected the poet's detached attitude of hating officialdom and staying away from the secular.

At the beginning of the poem, a casual sentence "Go home, come to Xi" came out, and the depression and unhappiness accumulated for a long time came out at once, like water bursting its banks, but the reason why the poet "went home" was just a simple reason, full of nostalgia, nostalgia and yearning! Therefore, the poet involuntarily sent out "Hu Bugui?" Self-questioning shows the urgency of the poet's seclusion in the pastoral heart, and also leads to the following reflection on his own experience: "Since the heart is a form of service, I am disappointed and sad alone?" Without remonstrating with the past, you can pursue what you know. It's not far from being lost. I don't think today is yesterday. "The poet pointed out that he didn't want to be an official, but in order to avoid hunger and cold, he went to be an official against his will. This kind of life makes me very sad, depressed and miserable. It is the result of the poet's profound introspection that "it is not far from loss, but today is not yesterday, it is true", which strengthened his determination to retire. The first paragraph of the poem points out the main idea of the full text, expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings of despising officialdom and longing for the countryside.

Then, the poet wrote down his happy life after returning home with a lot of pen and ink. In chronological order, highlight the feelings before and after returning home. Write the anxiety on the way home first. "The ship is far away, and the wind is blowing clothes. Those who ask the way are going ahead, and they hate Xiao "and" far ",and they are gradually drifting away; "The boat is far away" and "The wind is fluttering" are just like writing about scenery, and they really write a relaxed and happy mood. And a "question" and a "hate" reveal the urgency of retiring from the countryside. When I got home for the second time, I was ecstatic. This joy is hard to vividly reproduce in long sentences. The poet is well aware of this truth, so he changed six sentences into four, omitting function words, which not only makes the sentences succinctly and forcefully express the happy mood, but also makes the sentence patterns of this poem alternate with each other, which is convenient for expressing different feelings, and also makes us feel that the poet's mood at this time is completely different from that when he was an official, forming a sharp contrast. The poet wrote about himself "running with joy", his family "welcoming guests and servants, waiting for children", his family "three roads are barren, the pines and chrysanthemums are abundant" and "the bottles are full of wine", which is a peaceful and natural scene! Then write about the happiness of pastoral hermits, highlighting two points, one is the happiness of being alone in the room, and the other is the happiness of watching the scenery in the garden. Writing about lonely happiness can attract people's attention, encourage them to listen to others, and lean against the south window to express their freedom and unrestrained indulgence and comfort. Writing about the pleasure of viewing the scenery has its own leisure, such as "visiting the sun in the garden", "helping the elderly" and "caressing solitary pines". There are clouds that "come out of the hole unintentionally" and birds that "know only when they are tired of flying". It closely combines the natural scenery with their own festivals. Although it is a bird's talk, it is a reflection of the author's own state of mind, telling readers why poets express their aspirations by holding objects, describing noble character by "dispersing chrysanthemums" and expressing loyalty by "caressing loneliness and lingering".

The third paragraph, write the simple happiness of farming life. The poet categorically cut off contact with the dirty officialdom: "Come back when you go back, please rest and give up." The world is against me, so what can I ask for after driving? Breathing out "back to Xi" again is very different from the tone and feeling of the opening. The first time was a declaration of determination to back in the game, but the second time was calm. This quiet life made the poet feel the simplicity of rural life. He can talk to people he wants to see, do things he once wanted to do but couldn't, and see the natural beauty he wanted to see but didn't care to see. This kind of life really liberates the poet's mind. It can be said that this passage is the poetic pastoral life imagined by the author and the ideal life realm of the author. When the poet just returned to the countryside, he had not really realized the hardships of farming and the embarrassment of life. He just expressed his attachment to rural life with a straightforward pen. A vigorous ambition to return to nature, like a plant in full bloom in spring, like a trickle of mountain springs, his feelings came to him: "When everything is fine, I feel that my life is over. "Because of the scenery, this kind of time is fleeting, and life is easy to get old. Why not cherish your feelings about a better life in time and explain your views on life at the end?

At the end of the poem, the author expresses his feelings about the universe and life, which is an explanation that the author is willing to live in seclusion. The poem follows the above-mentioned "feel my life journey" and writes: "Enough! How long will you live in the apartment? What does Hu Weiwei want? " Ask yourself and answer politely, and lead to the following self-answer. Answered the sentence "wealth is not what I want, but I can't expect it in my hometown" from the opposite side. It is important to say that I have no intention of being rich, but with the envy of "the emperor's hometown" as the foil, the poet once again points out his ideal of life: "Am I lonely when I am pregnant, or am I planting a stick?" Deng and He Lin wrote poems together. "He doesn't want to go with the flow to get rich, and he doesn't expect to fly to fairyland to escape the suffering of life. What he pursues is to devote himself to nature, find all kinds of lovely pleasures in life from the things around him, and keep the realm of self-satisfaction in his heart. At the end of the poem, I directly expressed my happiness and peace of mind: "Talk about riding to the end and loving my husband's life?" "This kind of know life's thought of letting nature take its course and being at ease is just a silent resistance of the poet to social reality and a manifestation of the poet's active life.

This poem "Gui Xi Ci" was written at the beginning of Tao Yuanming's resignation and returning to the field, but it was not a description of his life after returning to the field, but his imagination before and after he boarded the ship, which made the readers deeply realize his perseverance and carefree life after his 13-year official career and showed his determination to retire to the countryside. The author is addicted to writing, and his feelings are sincere and frank. He skillfully combines narration, discussion, lyricism and scenery writing, and is full of the author's strong feelings everywhere. The article is full of emotion, the language is unpretentious, and an idyllic interest emerges from the paper, showing Tao Yuanming's creative style.

2. Enjoy Back to the Garden (1)

The death of Peng 4 1 year-old is the dividing line between two periods of Tao Yuanming's life. Previously, he had been choosing between the two social roles of a bureaucrat and a hermit. When he lived in seclusion, he wanted to be an official, so he had to retire. His mood is very ambivalent. Since then, he has strengthened his determination to live in seclusion, lived a life of seclusion and ploughing, and wrote a lot of pastoral poems, which established his position as the "originator of pastoral poetry".

Returning to the Garden House (1) [Eastern Jin Dynasty] Tao Yuanming

Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.

Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.

The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.

The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Dogs bark in deep alleys, and mulberry trees crow.

There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.

Appreciation: Tao Yuanming wrote a group of five poems, * * *, which described the beauty of rural scenery and the simplicity and loveliness of rural life and expressed his happy mood after he retired. This is the first song.

The first four sentences, first talk about the conflict between personality and past life trajectory. "Rhyme" and "sex" refer to people's character and spiritual temperament. What is the so-called "custom rhyme"? It is nothing more than the kind of modality and skill that caters to the secular, social and opportunities. This is something that poets have never learned. As a sincere and frank person, his nature seems to be intrinsically related to the simple countryside and quiet nature, so he loves Akiyama. The first two sentences reveal the author's lofty and aloof personality, which sets the tone for the whole poem and is also a foreshadowing. It is the fundamental reason why the poet finally resigned after entering the officialdom. However, life is often a necessity. As the official's children, entering the official career is the usual choice; As an intellectual who is familiar with Confucian classics, if he wants to succeed in society, he must also enter the power organization of society; Just to support a small family and maintain a comfortable daily life, you also need to be an official. Therefore, we have to go against our own "rhyme" and "sex" and rush about in the officialdom. Looking back, it was misguided and strayed into the dirty and boring secular net that bound human nature. "Walking for thirty years" is a mistake of "thirteen years". It happened to be thirteen years since Tao Yuanming began to be an official and finally retired. This sentence seems to be nothing more than a simple narrative, but it is meaningful to experience it carefully. The poet sighed to the countryside like an old friend with deep friendship: "Alas, this is thirteen years!" " "How much emotion, how much attachment!

The following four sentences are the transition of two kinds of life. Although it is "mistaken into the dust net", it is still emotional. "Birds love the old forest, fish in the pool are homesick", two sentences focus on describing the mood of being an official, which is relayed from above, with a smooth tone and no gap. Because of the use of two similar metaphors and antithesis sentences, the mood of being tired of the old life and longing for a new life is strengthened; From here, the following passage is transferred: "Na Man opens up wasteland and returns to the garden", which has no trace and is natural and appropriate. Defending Stupidity responds to "Tiny is not suitable for vulgar rhyme"-because you don't know how to be black, it's better to keep your stupidity and don't have to wander around the world reluctantly; Returning to the Garden responds to "Nature loves hills"-if you have this nature, you follow it, so that this life will naturally stretch and get what you want. The conflict written at the beginning is solved here.

Get rid of the conflict, the heart is happy and the mood is open. The following eight sentences, with Yan Yan's pen, sing the scenery around your residence. Everything described here is ordinary. You see: land, straw house; Elm, peach and plum; Village, smoke curled up; Dogs crow and chickens crow. But it is these ordinary things that, in the poet's pen, constitute a very quiet and beautiful, fresh and gratifying picture. In this painting, the pastoral scenery is presented to us with its light and simple natural beauty, which makes people feel leisurely and fascinated. Isn't this a bit like heaven? "The land is flat and spacious, so is the house, and there are mulberry fields. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Among them, farming, men and women dressed, known as outsiders; In fact, whether it is an imaginary paradise or a real pastoral, it shows an ideal of Tao Yuanming: a reasonable society should be a society without competition, hypocrisy and external etiquette constraints, where everyone cultivates and earns his own living. This kind of society is of course impossible to realize; Tao Yuanming's rural areas also deliberately ignored the hard and cruel side of life. But as the structure of poetry, it gives people beautiful comfort.

At first glance, this paragraph only feels natural and plain, but it is actually quite ingenious. "There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine thatched houses" is a stick figure showing the simplicity of the owner's life. However, although there is no grandeur of carved beams and painted buildings, the elm trees behind the house and the peach blossoms and plum blossoms in front of the hall are fascinating. The first four sentences form close-ups. But this close-up is not enough for Tao Yuanming to paint a peaceful and peaceful artistic conception. So he moved the pen to the distant scene: "warm and distant people's village, the smoke from the kitchen in yiyi market." Warm, fuzzy, and the villages are far apart, so it is fuzzy. Yiyi described the slowly rising smoke. The scenery described in these two sentences gives people a sense of calm and serenity, as if the world is not disturbed by any force. From four close-range sentences to two long-range sentences, it is like the focal plane slowly pulling away, melting a cottage full of peasant flavor into a far-reaching background. The picture is very light, but the taste is very strong, which makes people open-minded and relaxed. After reading this, you may feel that something is missing. Yes, this scene is too quiet, it seems a little less angry. But the poet has not forgotten this. Please listen to "dogs bark in deep alleys, chickens crow and mulberry trees jump" Suddenly, isn't this beautiful pastoral painting alive? Instead of writing insects and birds, he wrote a very common cock crow and dog bark, because cock crow and dog bark are the most distinctive in the rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.

From the scene, there are two sentences like this: "Households are clean and miscellaneous, and the virtual room is more idle." "Dust and clutter" refers to mundane trifles, and "virtual room" refers to a quiet room. Officials always have a lot of stupid things they don't want to do, and a lot of boring entertainment, right? Now I have got rid of all of them and lived a leisurely life in a quiet place. However, the most pleasant thing is not to do nothing here, but to live according to your own wishes from now on. The whole poem ends with two sentences: "I stayed in the cage for a long time, and I returned to nature." Nature not only refers to the natural environment, but also refers to a natural and undistorted life. These two sentences once again echo the beginning of "not vulgar at all, naturally love autumn mountains", and at the same time point out the theme of "returning to the garden" But this kind of echo and direction does not feel reluctant at all. The whole poem, from the intense boredom of official life to the beautiful rural scenery and the joy of a new life, naturally reveals a feeling of relief. This ending is both exquisite and logical.

3. Appreciate "Back to the Garden" (3)

Returning to the Garden House (3) [Eastern Jin Dynasty] Tao Yuanming

I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.

The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.

Appreciation: Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden has five songs, and this is the third one. On the surface, this poem is about the joy of pastoral work and the idea of seclusion in the mountains; But comparing this poem with other poems, the author's "wish" actually has its special connotation.

"Nanshan plants beans, and the grass is full of bean seedlings." These two sentences are about planting beans in Nanshan, with lush grass but sparse bean seedlings. The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial.

"In the morning, I will dispose of the garbage and take the lotus home." In order to prevent the bean field from being deserted, the poet went to the fields early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it was hard, he didn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "the moon and the lotus returning home".

"The road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes. The clothes are not covered, but the wish is not violated. " The road is narrow and the grass is long, but the clothes are wet. What's the pity? This sentence seems dull, but this kind of dullness just reflects the ending sentence "but I don't want to violate it", which makes "I don't want to violate it" fully emphasized. The "wish" here contains the meaning of not losing yourself in the dirty real world.

The language of this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in Shannan" and "Dew on my clothes" are all random, without any modification. This natural and simple poem blends into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which makes oral English rise to poetry. The harmony between the plain spoken language and the mellow beauty of poetry forms the artistic characteristics of Shi Tao's plain and mellow beauty.

Tao poetry is plain and interesting. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Go home with the moon hoe", the poet who returned from work is alone, but accompanied by the bright moon. The poet under the moon walked through waist-deep grass with a hoe on his shoulder. Returning to the countryside on a moonlit night, what a beautiful picture! It is full of the poet's happy mood and seclusion pride.

The plain language of "planting beans in Nanshan" and the beautiful sentence of "bringing lotus home in the moon"; The first sentence is real, and the last sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect with the mutual complement of simplicity and reality.

4. Like to drink

Tao Yuanming's poems can be divided into three categories: pastoral poems, drinking poems and epics. Tao Yuanming is the first poet in the history of China literature who wrote a large number of drinking poems. The 20 songs he "drank" were all "intoxicating" or accused the right and wrong of being reversed, discrediting the same upper class; Or expose the decadent darkness of the world; Or reflect the sinister occupation; Or express the joy of the poet after he quit the officialdom; Or express the poet's grievances in difficulties.

Drinking [Eastern Jin Dynasty] Tao Yuanming

Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.

Appreciation: "Building a house is on earth, but there is no noise of horses and chariots". He built his house in the human world, but he couldn't hear the noise of horses and chariots, so there must be "noise of horses and chariots" in the human world. Why is there no noise of horses and chariots? He asked himself, "I asked you why not", that is, I asked you what brought you to this point. Then he replied, "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely." This is Tao Yuanming's very famous chrysanthemum poem. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence" is a prone position, and "leisurely seeing Nanshan" is a prone position. Under the "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence", he inadvertently looked up to see Nanshan, the beautiful Nanshan is Lushan Mountain, and Lushan Mountain in his hometown suddenly jumped into his eyes. "The weather in the mountains is getting better every day, and birds are coming back", which means that the natural landscape in the mountains is good in the morning and evening. At night, the birds call their friends and return together. It is in this natural atmosphere that nature returns to the nest. So from such a very natural and frank artistic conception, Tao Yuanming felt a certain situation in life. But such a delicate situation is difficult to express in words, so it can only be expressed in words, so "I want to argue and forget to say it."

This is a good poem. On the bright side, the feelings are real and everything is natural. In particular, "Ask the gentleman what he can, and his heart is far from being biased" and "His heart is far from being biased" are also enlightening to us today. That is, we live in a very modern and noisy society today, and we can't live in seclusion in the mountains like Tao Yuanming's time. In this very lively reality, as long as each of us stays away from some fame and fortune, some material pursuits and some secular officialdom, then the place where we live will become remote and our mood will become quiet. We will also overcome some impetuous emotions and make ourselves very quiet, which is very beneficial to our self-cultivation of life and social peace.