What poems were there in Qing Dynasty?

Gu, Wang Fuzhi and Huang Zongxi were famous scholars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and their thoughts and works had a great influence on later generations. As Gong Zizhen said, "I have never been an adult, but my face is not single-minded." These three scholars are also famous poets.

Gu (a.d.1613-1682) was a native of kunshan town, Jiangsu province, and people used to call him Mr. He took part in the anti-Qing uprising in the late Ming Dynasty. After his failure, he refused to cooperate with the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, and specialized in traveling around and conducting academic research. The following five-character ancient poem "Jingwei" expresses his patriotism:

Everything is unfair, so why bother?

An inch long, holding the wood forever.

I am willing to calm the East China Sea, but I will not change my mind.

There is no peace in the sea, and the heart is endless.

Oh! Have you noticed that there are many birds in the western hills?

Magpies come to swallows and make their own nests.

The first four sentences are about Jingwei Bird: There are many injustices in the world. Why do you want to fill the sea in vain? The next four sentences are the poet's ambition expressed through the mouth of Jingwei: he said that he was also the Jingwei who reclaimed the sea and died without resentment. The last two sentences satirize those who betray their country and seek glory with magpies and Yan, and laugh at them for forgetting national interests and only building their own comfort zone.

Huang Zongxi (A.D.1610-1695) was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang. He also took part in the anti-Qing struggle, refused to be an official for the Manchu after the Ming Dynasty, devoted himself to writing, and eventually became everyone. His book "Reading for Ten Days in Illness" shows his painful mood after his death in the Ming Dynasty:

How did you spend another year here? I feel ashamed in front of the lamp.

In my dream, I shed tears and called me. At the end of the day, birds that evoke people's memories come to the party.

Most of my good friends are loyal and loyal, but I don't want to break up with you.

I only died a few times today, but I was still sick and sleeping before I died.

The author thinks that it is difficult for China to survive after the Ming Dynasty, and he is ashamed that he failed to die for his country. I cried in my dream and was awakened by my son; While summoning the soul of a dead friend, a bird landed at the sacrificial banquet. Imagine it might be the soul of a friend. Many dead close friends can be included in the legend of loyalty and righteousness, but many friends have betrayed their country and surrendered, so it is difficult to write a dear John letter to them (using Ji Kang's book "Dear John"). I have experienced the danger of death many times, but now I am barely alive, haunted by illness and suffering from both mental and physical pain. Many of his poems are full of this patriotic spirit.

Qian was a famous scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, and his official position was the history of the Ministry of Rites. However, he failed to stand the test of life and death, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and was criticized for disloyalty in the late Qing Dynasty. He has profound knowledge, mature poetic style and far-reaching influence. His annotation of Du Fu's poems is still an important reference book for studying Du Fu.

Wu (A.D. 1609- 1672) was born in Taicang, Jiangsu. He also spanned the Ming and Qing Dynasties. His poems have a wide range of contents, high achievements and great titles. Among his many famous poems, Yuan Yuanqu is the most famous one that satirizes Wu Sangui's traitorous behavior. As soon as the poem begins, it goes straight to the point:

Dinghu abandoned the world that day and defeated the enemy to take Yumenguan to Beijing.

Mourning the six armies, rushing to the crown and anger is beautiful.

Beauty is not my love, but the thief died of famine.

Electric anti-pornography towels will gather in Montenegro, and crying will meet relatives.

"Dinghu" refers to the dead emperor (according to legend, the Yellow Emperor cast a tripod in Jingshan, and Lapras ascended to heaven after the tripod was completed, so it was called Dinghu), referring to the case of Zhu Youjian, Emperor Chongzhen, who committed suicide in Jingshan Park when he entered Beijing in Li Zicheng. Wu Sangui led the Qing troops into the customs, defeated Li Zicheng, recovered Beijing, and then marched westward. All his troops put on white mourning clothes for Chongzhen. It is said that Wu Sangui was originally prepared to submit to Li Zicheng. Later, he heard that his beloved concubine Chen Yuanyuan was robbed by Li Zicheng (Liu Zongmin). In a rage, he changed his mind and took refuge in the Manchu Dynasty, leading the Qing soldiers into the customs to attack Li Zicheng. "Beauty doesn't love me" is Wu Sangui's tone, saying that I don't care about losing a woman, mainly because the traitor Li Zicheng is too dissolute and corrupt. This is a satire on Wu Sangui. Wu Sangui quickly wiped out the Li Zicheng Rebel Army and occupied its base area (Yellow Scarf is the peasant rebel army in the late Han Dynasty, Montenegro is the peasant army base area in the late Han Dynasty, which means Li Zicheng in this generation). Pay a visit to Chongzhen and his father Wu Xiang before meeting Chen Yuanyuan (all 38 people in Wu Sangui's family were killed by Li Zicheng. Chen Yuanyuan is temporarily missing, not that Wu Sangui doesn't want to see him). Next, a long poem tells the story of Wu Sangui marrying Chen Yuanyuan. Chen Yuanyuan was originally a lotus picker in Suzhou, and later became a famous prostitute. She also works as a maid in the palace. A geisha who became an aristocratic family after leaving the palace was betrothed to Wu Sangui by the nobility (Tian Hong, the father of Emperor Chongzhen Tian Guifei). After defeating Li Zicheng, Wu Sangui found Chen Yuanyuan and held a grand welcoming ceremony. Later, Chen Yuanyuan accompanied Wu Sangui on an expedition to Yunnan until Wu Sangui became king and enjoyed all the splendor. This poem says:

Should wives make a mountain out of a molehill? The hero is helpless and affectionate.

The bones of the whole family turned to ashes, and a generation of red makeup shone with history.

Things like wives and concubines shouldn't have been mixed up with the rise and fall of the country, but Wu Sangui, a "hero", put beauty first and spared no expense to have his whole family killed, leaving a woman's name in history. These poems are ironic. At the end of the poem, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was quoted as a metaphor for Wu Sangui, mocking him for dreaming a beautiful dream, which left him with eternal infamy. The content of this poem may not be completely in line with historical facts, but it can be done. Wu Sangui betrayed the country first, and then rebelled against the Qing Dynasty. He is a sinner through the ages and should be reviled.

The most famous poet after Wu is Wang Shizhen. Wang Shizhen (A.D.1634-171), also known as Yu Yangshan, was born in Shandong Xincheng, and was the official minister of the Ministry of Justice. His poems pursue a fresh and elegant style, and the seven-character quatrains are particularly good. Let's look at one of his songs, Jinan in Early Spring:

It is sunny every spring in mountainous counties, and there are a few clear springs in the pond.

Every household in Guobian faces the water, and a thousand peaks and a half enter the city after the snow.

This is a description of spring scenery in Jinan, Quancheng. A pond is a pond. It is cloudy and changeable in spring. At this time, it suddenly clears up, and the cool spring water flows out of the pond in the sun. Jinan is known as "every family springs, and every family hangs on a tree". After Chun Xue, the mountain shadows of Qianfo Mountain in the south of the city are reflected in the city, which is pleasing to the eye everywhere. Rereading one of his "Real National quatrains";

Jianggan is mostly a fisherman, while Liu Mo and Tang Ling are sparse.

Fortunately, after the sun went down and it was calm, the semi-river mangrove forest sold bass.

Zhou Zhen is now Yizheng, Jiangsu. Most of the people who live on the river bank are fishermen, dotted with sparse willows and ponds. The evening is calm, and bass are bought and sold in mangroves in late autumn. This is the scenery of Bai Weiling Township, with a simple and neat description and vitality in tranquility. Wang Shizhen is also a poetry theorist. He highly praised Tang poetry, emphasizing that poetry should be fresh and lively, with implicit language and rich charm. This is the famous "verve theory", which has a great influence.

There were also some poets in the early Qing Dynasty, such as Shi, and Cha, who were called "Southern Poets of the Northern Song Dynasty". Although they were not first-class poets at that time, they were quite famous.

2 Poetry in the Middle Qing Dynasty

The mid-Qing Dynasty (Qianlong and Jiaqing periods) was a period of stable development of the Qing Dynasty, which formed the "Ganjia School" academically and made great achievements in collating ancient books. The great novel A Dream of Red Mansions appeared in novel creation. There are also many achievements in poetry creation, which is an era when poets come forth in large numbers.

Emperor Qianlong should be mentioned here, because he likes to write poems everywhere. Everyone is familiar with the so-called "legacy of Qianlong". He once said: "Poetry is the most important thing in a person's life", and he worships Du Fu the most. He is a fanatic of poetry. In his later years, he claimed to have written more than 40,000 poems in his life. In terms of quantity, he may be the "first" poet in China. Many of his poems have the airs of emperors, so no one has ever mentioned him in the history of literature. In fact, some of his poems are quite good. Let's read some songs from his Crossing the Mongolian Tribe. First of all:

Cattle and sheep who know their way don't need to be led. Come down to Bixi to drink.

Children ride horses to find dead deer, only at the edge of Donggou West Valley.

This is a photo of grazing at dusk. Anyone who is familiar with rural life knows that it is common for children to look for cows on horseback, and they can always get them back by experience. Second:

Children can ride camels when they are five years old. Milk cakes are good food.

Suddenly, I turned over and made my father and Monty dance.

The child riding a camel is very happy with milk cake in his mouth. Sometimes he occasionally falls on the soft grass, so he learns to dance playfully like his father. Lively and lovely, just like an idyllic genre painting. Third:

After hunting, I returned to my father and son, and I came into contact with the autumn grass deer.

Fold Yang * * * and pour it out, while away, get drunk and fly away.

After hunting, I came back, raised a bonfire to roast fresh and fat venison, took out a leather wine bag (muddy) and got drunk, then turned my horse's head and chased Gu Hongfei away. This vividly depicts the brave and fierce Mongolian national character and its unique way of life. The poem exudes a strong grassland flavor, and those weak scholars can't write it.

Shen Deqian (A.D. 1673- 1769) was an influential poet in Qianlong period. His words are true, and his name is silly. He is from Suzhou. He advocated that writing ancient poems should be based on the Han and Wei Dynasties, and writing modern poems should be based on Tang poems. He advocates the theory of "meter", that is, the content of poetry should be "gentle and sincere", and poetry should pay attention to meter and tone. According to his standards, he compiled several books, such as the source of ancient poetry and Tang poetry, which are still published today. When he was an official in the DPRK, he had a close relationship with Emperor Qianlong and was a friend of the poet. After retirement, Gan Long also summoned him when he passed by Suzhou. Some short poems are very clever, such as Zhou:

Everywhere, the pond burst and the river 〔yǎn, covering the flat territory.

Pedestrians will feel green and cicadas will walk all the way through Xuzhou.

Xuzhou is now Xuchang, Henan. Such a summer scene is very common: clear water flows in the pond and weeping willows cover Ye Ping. Everywhere in full of green, it is full of vitality, which makes people feel that their beards and eyebrows are all dyed green. Knowing that I will accompany you all the way through Xuzhou. This couplet is novel and unconventional, which makes people feel fresh and appropriate. His five-line poem "Yat Sen Qing" is also quite innovative:

Clouds open to tease the sunset, and water falls on shallow soil.

When I saw the ox Weng, a plow brought residual rain.

Dark clouds open the gap to reveal the sunset, and raindrops are scattered on the ground, which shows that it is light rain. The old farmer is still drinking cattle and ploughing the fields, and there are still raindrops on his top. This song is also the image written by the second part. Shen Deqian has a great influence on his poetic theory and poetry collections of past dynasties, and there are no particularly famous poems handed down from generation to generation.

Speaking of Zheng Banqiao, almost everyone knows that he is famous for his calligraphy and painting. In fact, he is also a poet. His name is Xie, and the word can be soft. Banqiao, he is from Xinghua, Jiangsu. He never flaunts any faction, never pretends to write poetry, says whatever he has, expresses his feelings directly, and clearly hates love. People like to read it. Let's read one of his poems:

Yazhai lay listening to Little Zhu Xiao, suspecting that it was the voice of the people's sufferings.

Some small collectors in Caozhou County always care about their feelings.

This is a poem he wrote on a painting when he was a magistrate in wei county. He was born in poverty, and it is also commendable that he does not forget the sufferings of the people when he is an official. Another of his poems, Painting Bamboo Stone, is also loved by people:

Bamboo is not relaxed at all, its roots are firmly embedded in the cracks in the rocks.

After thousands of tortures and blows, it is still strong, whether it is the southeast wind or the northwest wind in winter, it can bear it and will still be tough and straight.

This is a metaphor for the tenacious vitality of bamboo, which is not only an encouragement to the world, but also an encouragement to oneself. He once claimed that "there are no immortals, no buddhas, no saints and no thoughts beyond pen and ink". His paintings are strange, his words are strange, and his poems are unique and lovely.

Yuan Mei, Jiang Shiquan and Zhao Yi are also known as "the three outstanding figures in Qianlong", among which Yuan Mei is the most famous. Yuan Mei (A.D.1716-1797) was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang. When he was young, he was a scholar, an academician and a county magistrate. At the age of 33, he resigned and returned to China. He amused himself with poetry and prose all his life. He is a typical scholar. Shen Deqian advocated "model theory" and Yuan Mei advocated "theory of soul". The so-called soul is true temperament, true feelings, or "pure heart." He opposes imitation and thinks that imitation works are false, and only truth can have life. He once said, "The dragon is as angry as a mouse." These views are undoubtedly correct, but he didn't realize the importance of rich life experience, which made his theory untenable. His seven ancient poems Du Xiufeng are of great significance:

Can't find the whole story, a mountain suddenly appeared, towering into the sky, straight into the South Big Dipper.

Nine times out of ten, the mountains and rivers in Guilin are strange, and Duxiufeng is second to none.

Climbing hundreds of steps to the top, you can enjoy the scenery of the whole city, but you can see the light fog and blue waves.

If the castle peak can stand as upright as a string, what is the obstacle to the isolation of life!

The first six sentences describe Du Xiufeng's isolated state, which is unremarkable. Suddenly, the pen changed from peak to life: honesty may sometimes be isolated, which is the same as Du Xiufeng's, so don't worry. Because these last two sentences, the whole poem is intriguing. Look at one of his poems "Ma Wei":

Don't sing "Song of Eternal Sorrow". At that time, the world also had its own Milky Way.

In Shihao Village, the husband and wife say goodbye and shed more tears than in the Palace of Eternal Life.

After reading Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow", people are lamenting where you will go from here to Tang and Yang Guifei. Yuan Mei thinks that tragedies like those written by Du Fu in "The Story of the Stone" abound, much worse than those of Li and Yang. How well this conviction article is written! Poets and ordinary people are naysayers. Come to think of it, this opposite tone is reasonable and thought-provoking. Yuan Mei's life content is to write poetry composition, he wrote in a poem:

It is difficult to write a hobby, and only when a poem is ever-changing can you feel at ease.

Grandma is still like a family member, so don't look at her hair until she combs it.

His attitude towards poetry is extremely serious. In his later years, he still dressed like a girl and didn't show it to others until he was satisfied. This is responsible for readers and for yourself. Some people boast that they don't add a little to their poems, which shows that they are quick-witted, and they should feel ashamed after reading Yuan Mei's poems. There are many masterpieces of Yuan Mei's poetry, but there are no masterpieces like the first-class poets in history. Why? He said, "But if you are willing to look for poetry, there will be poetry, and the spirit will be my teacher." The so-called "Linxi" is what he calls "spirit", or inspiration, and he does not lack it; But he lacks life-a broad social life, so he can't write a masterpiece. Compared with his poems, his poems about the Garden have many good ideas, which have been widely circulated so far.

At the same time as Yuan Mei, Weng Fanggang put forward a new theory-"Muscle Theory". His so-called "texture" is truth and rhetoric, as well as learning. This proposition led to the development of later formalistic poetic style.

The famous poet Huang Jingren (A.D. 1749- 1783) appeared a little later than Yuan Mei. He is from Wujin, Jiangsu. His family was poor and eager to learn, but he didn't meet his talent. He died at the age of 35. Many of his poems were widely read before his death. For example, the poem "Even New Year's Eve" is still often quoted by people:

Time passed slowly, and there were faint bursts of laughter from all directions.

People standing high on the stone bridge seem to be on earth, staring at the sky, but seeing a star like a moon.

Leakage is an ancient timer. On New Year's Eve, time passed slowly in the laughter of thousands of families. The poet stood alone on the city bridge, looking up at the starry sky and lost in thought. He feels that beyond the visible reality, it seems that some kind of crisis is brewing and coming to the society quietly, but people who are immersed in the joy of the festival have not yet noticed it. This poem was written in 1773, which is the so-called "prosperous time". After this "prosperous time", the Qing Dynasty went downhill sharply. The author is not an Oracle, but is prepared for danger in times of peace, which is a precious "sense of hardship" in our cultural tradition.

3 Poetry in Late Qing Dynasty

Sure enough, as predicted by Huang Jingren, great worries came to China, and China fell into internal troubles and foreign invasion since the Opium War. It was also at this time that an outstanding thinker and poet Gong Zizhen appeared.

Gong Zizhen (A.D. 1792- 184 1) was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Before the Opium War broke out, he saw the corruption of bureaucracy clearly, foresaw the coming crisis, called for social reform, and wrote many works attacking reality. Poetry is also his weapon to criticize reality. His poem "Ode to History" has always been praised:

Jinfen is a celebrity in fifteen southeast states.

The prison basin is full of guests' exercises, and the talent of group fans is upstream.

Avoid seats, fear to smell the literary inquisition, and write a book to benefit the rice beam.

Tian Heng 500 people? No return to Baihou!

The "prison basin" is an instrument for cooking salt. Prisoner refers to salt merchants, that is, the rich man "round fan" refers to beautiful women. Talented people in the group fans are boring literati who specialize in reciting obscene words and poems. Tian Heng was one of the heroes of the uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Liu Bang unified China, he refused to surrender to the Han Dynasty by suicide, and 500 of his men died with him. This poem bitterly condemned the degeneration of society. Southeastern people live a luxurious and lewd life all day, while upper-class people only know how to compete for fame and gain. The rich manipulate society, while the idle literati are complacent. When people talk about "literary inquisition", they are scared to death and dare not tell the truth; Some people write books and articles just to support their families. Finally, the author asked angrily: Where are the brave and brave China people like Tian Heng and his men? Did they all climb the ranks and enjoy the splendor? The author's grief and indignation are hard to suppress, and the poem is forceful, hit the floor.

Wei Yuan, who is as famous as Gong Zizhen, is also a thinker and poet. His poems about caring for the country and loving the people are similar to Gong Zizhen's. Lin Zexu, a national hero in the Opium War, also has many good poems handed down from generation to generation.

During the Opium War, there were many patriotic poems, such as the poet Zhang Weiping's long poem "Sanyuanli", which was vividly written, with clear love and hate, and enthusiastically praised the people's anti-British struggle:

It thundered three miles ago, and thousands of people came at the same time.

Because of righteousness, people are angry and brave, and the villagers work together to destroy it.

Tian Lu's family must defend it, and can't wait to make a scene with gongs and drums.

Qi Xin, female, is also an athlete. Plows and hoes are her weapons.

The countryside is divided into far and near flags and even hundreds of teams along the mountain.

It truly depicts the brave spirit and growing momentum of the villagers. Next, write about the embarrassing situation of the British army:

All the barbarians suddenly looked at each other, and the black flag was hard to survive.

Soldiers only rely on guns, and the people are connected.

It's raining cats and dogs in the clear sky, and fierce barbarians are not violent.

What's more, firearms are useless, and people are not used to sliding mud.

Tian [〔chéng], the people below are miserable, and the people above are troubled and crowded.

God also came to help. It rained cats and dogs, gunpowder was wet, guns failed, and the British suffered heavy casualties, and the whole army was about to be wiped out. However, the corrupt and incompetent Qing government stopped the people's attack in Sanyuanli, lenient and allowed the remaining British troops to escape, which made the poet extremely angry. Excellent poets speak for the people.

By the end of19th century, the Qing dynasty was at home and abroad, and the social crisis was further deepened. With the development of the national salvation movement, Liang Qichao and others put forward the slogan of "Poetry Revolution", demanding that "the old style contains new artistic conception" (in Liang Qichao's words), that is, expressing new ideas in the old form, which should be said to be a kind of progress. At this time, an outstanding poet Huang Zunxian appeared.

Huang Zunxian (A.D. 1848— 1905) was born in Jiaying, Guangdong. As a professional diplomat, he lived in eastern and western countries for many years and was deeply influenced by western culture, but he was always a staunch patriot and a member of the Reform Movement in the late Qing Dynasty. He said, "I use my hand-written mouth. Can the ancients hold it? " It is to advocate writing personal experiences, feeling personally, saying what you want to say, and not being slaves of the ancients. He has experienced a lot, "traveling to four continents in a hundred years" and visiting four continents all over the world. He is knowledgeable and emancipated, so his poems are extensive in content and flexible in technique, which truly realizes his idea of "I write by hand". Times have changed, and people's thoughts should also progress with the changes in the world. His poem Feeling reflects his thoughts:

Scholars recite poems by heart and often show their claws and mouths.

The head is high, the palm is flat.

It is said that three generations will last forever and the next generation will last forever.

Today, Chinese words are confused and crying.

Copy the map of car war, more than 100 pieces of paper.

Take the mine field spectrum and draw the land for trial.

Did the ancients bully me? The past is different from the present.

Confucian scholars don't go out, especially in a world.

Knowing the ancient is precious to know the present, and understanding the world is precious to see the world.

He is a wise man through the ages, keeping the disadvantages of the times alone.

Jia Sheng's public security policy, Jiang Tong's discussion on immigration.

Contemporary Confucian scholars are pedantic, stubborn, rigid and ignorant. They read ancient books just to arm their mouths and decorate their faces. They often talk about what it was like in ancient times and the truth of governing the country and leveling the world. They just talked about Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, saying that it would be good for the following three generations to follow suit. When it comes to today's troubled times, they just cry. Then talk about the experience of ancient car wars and try to write a long paper; Or study the ancient well field system and implement it today. The poet said that the ancients didn't mean to deceive us, but today is completely different from ancient times. How to use the ancient stuff today? C [m ū ng fu cian scholars know nothing about the current world, so they are not qualified to comment on current world affairs. Understanding history means understanding today, and more importantly, observing the world. Outstanding talents in history can solve current practical problems, such as Jia Yi's Public Security Policy in Han Dynasty and Jiang Tong's Immigration and Yi Rong in Jin Dynasty. These words are not unusual today, but they were said to be quite learned more than 100 years ago. In his Poem of Lonely Land, the poet also introduced the history and practical knowledge of many western countries, and talked about many things unheard of by China people, which broadened people's horizons at that time.

Some famous reformists of Huang Zunxian's time, such as Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong, also have many good poems left in the world. At that time, the "Tongguang" poets of the retro school had no masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.

19 At the turn of the 20th century, a revolutionary movement aimed at overthrowing the Qing Dynasty flourished. Many revolutionaries, such as Zhang Taiyan, Qiu Jin, Zou Rong and Chen Tianhua, are all brilliant poets, and their clang poems will always be as famous as their names. The following is a song by Qiu Jin, "The Japanese on the Yellow Sea Ship Ask for Sentences and Look at the Map of the Russo-Japanese War":

Wan Li returns by the wind, and the East China Sea carries spring thunder alone.

Endure watching the picture change color? Willing to let Jiangshan pay for the robbery!

Turbid wine does not quench the tears of worrying about the country, and we should strive for talents when saving.

Ping shi ten thousand heads of blood, also want to save Li Kun.

She was so worried that she hurried to save the country. This emotion was released and became a touching poem. After reading it, the image of a patriotic heroine stood in front of our eyes.

Zou Rong wrote poems and expressed his ambition before 190 1 traveled to Japan:

Who will avenge the fall? Tears flow from the past.

Desolate reading annas, a few men are not cattle and horses!

He wrote the famous revolutionary army, called on people to take part in the revolutionary struggle, and dedicated his 19 young life to the revolution.

The "Nanshe", headed by Liu Yazi and others, with members of the League as the main body, is a famous poetry group. Its purpose is very clear, that is, to take poetry as a weapon to participate in the revolutionary struggle to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, leaving many excellent poems. For example, Su, an important member of Nanshe, wrote "Poetry and Painting Stay in the Tang Dynasty":

The dancing sea is even connected with the emperor of Qin, and the vast clouds float.

People feel lonely and angry at the hero's tears. They shed tears on them and give them to their old friends.

Haitian dragon blood is dark yellow, and Long song is full of wild flowers.

When people go to dawn, the bright moon is as white as frost.

In a previous song, Lv Zhonglian, who opposed Qin Shihuang's claim to be emperor and fled to the sea at the end of the Warring States Period, expressed his determination to resist the Qing Dynasty. The latter uses the meaning of "the dragon fights in the wild, and its blood is mysterious and yellow" in the Book of Changes to compare the war in the late Qing Dynasty and express the mourning for many brave people like Jing Ke who died for national liberation.