Seeking a summary of knowledge points in the history of ancient Chinese literature (Yuan Xingpei Edition, Fourth Edition)

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An Overview of China Literature History

First, why do you want to study China literature?

Think of it as a "personal passport" leading to the 2 1 century. 1 Find the culture in the poem or the poem in the culture by quoting the history of the poem or confirming the poem through history: In fact, if you recall, literature not only shows us the beautiful buildings in the past in a short square inch, but also vividly reproduces the vivid and concrete details that people may forget in the past years, and also shapes a living crowd, a charm of life and a wonderful scenery for us. Reading the poems of Du Fu, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, we will see a picture in front of us: in the last years of Tianbao in Li Tang, the emperor was fatuous, the treacherous court official stood in the way, the military commander was overjoyed, and the wars to expand the territory again and again brought profound disasters to the people of the whole country. Reading Balzac's Human Comedy will remind us of the embarrassing life of the upper class in Paris, France at the end of 18. Reading Gu Cheng (the first generation), a hazy poet who stepped onto the literary world in the early 1980s, "The night gave me black eyes, but I used them to look for light", I will also think of the younger generation who grew up during the Cultural Revolution, their commitment to suffering and their firm belief in trying to look for light in the dark. Poetry needs taste. Pushkin's short poem "If Life Deceives You": Everything is temporary and fleeting, and the past will become lovely. This is a short poem written by Pushkin in a picture book of a 6-year-old girl in 1825. More than a century has passed, and the girl is no longer the original girl, and the years are no longer romantic, like Russia in the birch forest in the19th century. People who read this poem may have different experiences and different ages, but in any case, we will appreciate the gift of life, which makes us patient and tolerant. Some people may say that philosophy is too boring and poetry is too vain. However, at least we can learn from others and cultivate our self-cultivation. Tao Yuanming said: "Come back, the countryside has destroyed Hu Bugui." Inspired by the restlessness of nymphs and the wind coming from caves, it has been admirable for thousands of years. The ancients can also "buy a few acres of land and buy a spring" to settle their hearts. What about modern people? What modern people fear most is wealth, and what they lose first is spirit. Poetry can make us have a spiritual home of our own in the age of materialistic desire and soul exile. Don't auction our conscience when everything is on the market. Although we can't live poetically, the pursuit of poetic existence is the eternal side of human nature. ○3 Mr. Wang Guowei said: "There is a generation of literature", ancient myths, The Book of Songs in the Western Zhou Dynasty, historical essays and essays of various schools in the Spring and Autumn Period, Yuefu folk songs in the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Each dynasty has its own unique literary works and literary phenomena, such as Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing novels and so on. These works not only give us the enjoyment of beauty, but also provide us with endless opportunities for discussion. Qiong Yao's On Water is from The Book of Songs? Qin Feng? Wei Jia; The theme song of "Three Lane of Plum Blossoms" is "What is the love in the world that makes people commit themselves to life and death? Flying in all directions, the old wings have been hot and cold several times. Have fun, leave the bitterness, and there will be more children in school. You should have something to say. There are clouds in Wan Li and snow in Qian Shan. Who are you only going to follow? "From Jin Renyuan Haowen's" Fishing "; The theme song of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is "The Yangtze River is rolling eastward, and the waves are scouring the heroes. Whether it is right and wrong or failure, it is empty now and has disappeared with the passage of time. Castle Peak still exists, the sun still rises and the sunset still sets. The white-haired hermit by the river has long been used to the changes of time. I met an old friend and had a drink. Many things in ancient and modern times are jokes. " From Linjiang Fairy by Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty. I talk about these purposes, literature is inherited, and today's development is based on yesterday's, especially in today's increasingly demanding knowledge level and knowledge structure. Jiang Lang is also a time when talents come forth in large numbers, and there is no end to learning. (In addition, literature develops in an endless flow. ) Let me talk about a problem left over from the Cultural Revolution. At that time, Chairman Mao's words (quotations) were imperial edicts and gods in people's minds. The old leader led everyone to learn quotations from Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao has a saying, "Qing Pingle? Liupanshan "the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the geese flying in the south are broken, which means twenty thousand." On the peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag is rolling in the west wind, and today the tassel is in hand ... "But how can the old leader understand it?" The sky is high and the clouds are light, ..., a finger forms 26 thousand, the peak on Panshan Mountain. "At this moment, a teenager raised his hand when he felt something was wrong. He said: "report to the leader, I have a question." "I remember the middle school history teacher said that the Red Army's Long March had gone through 25,000 miles of difficulties and obstacles. How did Chairman Mao write 26,000? The old leader didn't realize his mistake and plausibly said, "Young man, this is your fault. Isn't the next sentence "the peak on the Panshan Mountain"? Since it is a winding mountain, it is natural to walk an extra thousand miles. If the ridiculous jokes made by the old leaders are related to that particular era and historical background, we should try to avoid or make fewer ridiculous jokes today. Of course, I don't need everyone to be a doctor, but a knowledgeable mind should be there (previous grades are only our compulsory courses, and the key is innovation). ○4 Literature is human study: A Dream of Red Mansions represents the peak of classical novels, which implies the irreversible decline of Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue families and the trend of the whole feudal society to extinction through the fate of some important figures, such as the first sentence, "Paper is full of absurd things, a handful of bitter tears, and Dou Yun's author is stupid, who can understand the taste", and "Good Song" even tells the nothingness of life and will be sentimental. Everyone knows that immortals are good, but gold and silver can't forget them. In the end, they only hated gathering and closed their eyes for a long time. The whole world knows that immortals are good, but the wife can't forget them. You said hello on your birthday, and you died with others. Everyone knows that immortals are good, but only children and grandchildren can't forget them. Since ancient times, there have been many infatuated parents. Who has ever seen filial piety? "

In the process of learning, I just play the role of a grindstone, providing you with a spark point of thought and an idea. As for the quality of practice, it depends on your personal foundation and hard work. Starting today, I will lead you through the dust and fog of history and look for the roots of our national culture from the classics and biographies of the Bible. .

Second, the beauty of "China literature"

Our ancestors were one of the earliest human beings in the world to be baptized by human civilization. As the only survivors of four famous ancient countries (China, Indian, Egyptian and Greek), culture, as a unique way for human beings to adapt to the environment and a racial mentality, has been constantly evolving and accumulating in our country with a history of 5,000 years of civilization. As a subsystem of culture, literature is not only a witness of our historical life. It is also the embodiment of our national spirit. Mr. Lu Xun summarized China's language and writing as three beauties: 65,438+0, beauty of meaning and feeling of heart (the beauty of artistic conception can make people feel aesthetic pleasure, material environment, situation, rational environment, emotion from the scene, emotion from the scene); 2. The beauty of sound is to feel the ears: vowels are dominant → music is beautiful → rhythm is beautiful, and foreigners sound like singing, such as Li Shangyin's Notes for a friend in the north on a rainy night: You ask what to do before the return date, and it rains at night in autumn. He Jingzhi's Back to Yan 'an: I went back to Yan 'an several times in my dream, and my hands were fixed on Baota shan (Yulin, I was really excited at the thought of delaying the elimination of water, Baota shan and millet porridge, but when I saw it, the water was almost dry and my head was dirty). My aunt, the Han nationality in Suide, the slate in Qingjian, the charcoal in Wayaobao in Jiaxian → Baiyun Mountain, the hometown of Dongfanghong; 3. Formal beauty is perceived by the eyes (Chinese characters are Oriental Rubik's Cube, square characters with a center and a periphery). A. the beauty of symmetry and harmony, B. the beauty of body language, pictographic (the duke of mount deer, Stephen Chow); C. the painting language is beautiful, and there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings. As long as you see "the sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, the autumn waters are * * * and the sky is one color" (Wang Bo), "the desert is lonely and the long river is setting the yen", a vast and magnificent picture will surely emerge in front of you, with the words "Chinese style" and "Chinese style".

Third, the method of learning classical literature.

1. The work must be analyzed in a certain era and historical background.

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