How to treat the word "forbearance" of Beiping people living under one roof for four generations?

Beiping people with four generations under one roof.

I just finished reading Lao She's Four Generations under One roof recently, and I feel very shocked. Four generations under one roof is called the history of pain, hatred and anger of the conquered people in China, and it depicts the deep sufferings of the people in Beiping in The Conquered People.

Lao She is famous for portraying characters and shaping models. As far as this book is concerned, there are more than 130 characters in the whole book, including more than 60 famous people with surnames. They include teachers, poets, foreign rickshaw pullers, hairdressers, singers, crosstalk performers, British diplomats, "cowboys" (people who specialize in moving furniture or coffins), cloth dealers, shed repairers and traitors. This can be described as a cult that covers everything. What I can't figure out today is: What are Beiping people who live under one roof for four generations? What kind of culture does he have? And what kind of influence does this culture have on Peiping people?

To understand Beiping people who have lived under one roof for four generations, Qi Ruixuan is the first thing that comes to mind. Qi Ruixuan runs through the novel and is influenced by traditional culture, but also by new ideas. These two thoughts can be described as tormenting him. On the one hand, patriotism and national pride let him know that when the country is in danger, my hero should go to the killing field and serve the country; On the other hand, traditional family values make it impossible for him to unload the burden of his eldest son and grandson. This is also the reason why Qi Ruixuan encouraged his younger brother Ruiquan to flee from Beiping and join in the War of Resistance, but he was willing to bear the burden of his family and stay in Beiping. Ruixuan has a profound cultural background. He is clear-headed, sensible and influenced by new ideas. Therefore, he saw Peiping thoroughly at that time. He knew that the best result of staying in Peiping would only be to live a "conquered people" life. If it was not good, it would be like life is worse than death, just like Xiao Cui and Sun Qi, but he stayed foolishly and made an excuse for himself: "How can thousands of years of culture move a finger?" Ruixuan's choice made him suffer the pain of "the soul is in the middle of the year"-he was deeply imprisoned and almost died, his father was slandered, he threw himself into the river, and his daughter was finally starved to death.

Ruixuan can be said to be a pair of rational eyes in Lao She's novels, so Lao She's criticism of "national character" is often reflected in Ruixuan's self-criticism. However, self-criticism did not bring about self-improvement, and Ruixuan was inevitably confused and dragged out an ignoble existence. Ruixuan's actions can be said to represent the thoughts and ideas of many advanced intellectuals in Peiping at that time. From him, we can see many weaknesses of those advanced intellectuals: they can't get rid of the shackles of traditional ideas, so they are always passive and indecisive towards Nuo Nuo; They are cowardly and ignorant, knowing that they should take up swords and guns to resist Japan, but in the end they often hold back. With that cruel experience-he was deeply imprisoned, almost killed, his father was slandered, threw himself into the river, and his daughter was finally starved to death. He began to stop wandering and drag out an ignoble existence. He tried his best to get in touch with underground workers and actively participated in the anti-Japanese propaganda work.

Then I can't help asking, why did Rui Xuan choose to drag out an ignoble existence knowing the result? Then I think it is necessary to talk about how Lao She described Beiping culture in Four Generations under One roof. The novel wrote:

You are gentle and beautiful, like a flower. Your beauty is provided to the world by absorbing water and sunshine by yourself. However, you lack the ability to defend yourself; The more beautiful you are, the more you will attract that heartless finger, break you and let you die. A flower, a city, a culture, I'm afraid so! The wisdom of a rose depends not only on its color and fragrance, but also on its thorns! The combination of thorns and incense will make roses safe, long-lasting and prosperous! China people are all good, but they lack self-defense thorns.

After reading this passage, I am deeply touched. Isn't this the traditional culture of Beiping? It's beautiful. It's amazing. But beauty sometimes leads to destruction, and the traditional culture of Beiping has no "rose thorn", so when Japan invaded, it could only passively bear it and eventually go to destruction. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that some seemingly "advanced intellectuals" in Peiping chose passive acceptance.

The second character I want to talk about is the old poet Qian. The change of money's fate was caused by his youngest son. Zhong Shi worked as a driver in the suburbs of Beijing, bravely fighting the enemy. So Mr. Qian was framed by traitors (Guan Xiaohe and his wife), arrested by the Japanese and suffered a lot. When Mr. Qian was arrested, his eldest son, Meng Shi, was surprised and angry and died. Qian Furen also hit the coffin at the funeral of his eldest son. At the beginning of the novel, Mr. Qian is a painter and poet. He is calm, noble, modest and upright. But it is such an intellectual who has been cautious all his life and can only sing poetry and paint, but he has been tortured and humiliated in prison. The Japanese hit him in the face with dozens of hands in a row, and his mouth opened left and right made him swing to both sides like a tumbler. He will be whipped in the future. "The whip hit him on the back like a red-hot iron bar. He leaned forward and hit his head on the table." The Japanese "rolled his legs with a pole and roasted his head with tinder." Being tortured by non-people, the family was ruined, so Mr. Qian was the first person to embark on the war of resistance without hesitation.

The third person, I will talk about Mr. Qi. Mr. Qi originally wanted to spend his old age peacefully and hoped that four generations would live under one roof, but this wish was shattered by the Japanese invaders. The old man believes in "making money with kindness" all his life, so he never gets angry in the face of the arrogant "instructions" of the "plainclothes" who check the household registration; Ruifeng became the "section chief" of the puppet army, and he was very happy without objection. But when his son was accused of profiteering and his granddaughter starved to death, he changed. He said: "I am almost eighty years old, and I will always kowtow to myself, kowtowing first and then opening my mouth;" Now, I understand that kowtowing is not necessarily a good thing! "So when Ruifeng tried to be a spy and failed, he interrogated Qi's family with the Japanese. His attitude is calm and tough. His eyes looked straight at them, and his voice was quite high, indicating that he was no longer polite and humble; Politeness and humility didn't save the lives of God bless, Xiaowen and Xiao Cui. "

In addition to the above three characters, there are Liu Pengjiang, Xiaowen and his wife, Xiao Cui and Li Shifu. Carpenters in Liu Peng got the best grades. He didn't want to be conquered people and fled Beiping to take part in the Anti-Japanese War. Xiaowen and his wife, who have always divided books, eventually fought and were killed by the devil on the stage because they were unwilling to be humiliated. Xiao Cui died under the Japanese butcher's knife, his head was hung above the city gate, and he was finally buried without a body; Sun Qi died the worst. He was suspected of cholera by the Japanese, so he was buried alive. As for Li, he finally rebelled because he couldn't stand being bullied by the Japanese. In the struggle, Li was killed.

Finally, let's talk about those dog traitors. They are scum of the nation and betrayed their country and friends. First, we say that the cultural "worm" is the lotus flower. He once betrayed Mr. Qian and framed Xiaowen and his wife. He is servile to the Japanese, but cunning to his compatriots. But his death was not caused by China people, and he was buried alive like a dog in the sound of begging for mercy. The second one is Da Chibao. She is vicious, treacherous, provocative and shameless. She once forced a prostitute to be the "director of Beiping Procuratorate". She was overbearing to her husband and heartless to her daughter, so she was finally found guilty and sent to death row. The third one is Lan Dongyang. He is a rogue, but he is also a traitor. He killed a dozen compatriots. Ironically, he didn't have much courage (timid as a mouse, scared as a tiger, a sad Peiping man), and finally fled to Japan under Ruiquan's warning. What happened? Killed by an atomic bomb. The above three people are the most important traitors in the book. At that time, they were rumored to be friends of Yun Qi, seeking glory and living a life of bullying, but the ending was tragic, which they deserved.

After these three traitors have finished speaking, I want to talk about Gaudi and Zhao Di respectively. This pair of sisters are both daughters of Guan Xiaohe. Why did they take different paths? Gaudi took part in the revolution, but Zhao Di eventually degenerated into a Japanese spy and was finally killed by Ruiquan. In fact, Zhao Di's downfall was caused by his family environment. If he and Ruiquan had left, Zhao Di would have become a part of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. But instead of leaving, she stayed in Beiping. After staying in Beiping, I watched Dabaibao force prostitutes every day, so I gradually sank and finally became a spy. I think Zhao Di is innocent. She is just a girl who loves pleasure. But she was born in the war years, and she couldn't entertain herself during the war years-how could she entertain herself when the country was in danger? Gaudi is a rebellious girl. She has never been loved by her parents since she was a child, and she often has disputes with Da Chibao. She is full of fantasies. She once fantasized that she would be a good wife, so when her parents framed Mr. Qian, she told him regardless of the danger. But she is still a rich girl. She is afraid of hardship, but likes excitement, luxury and fun, so she has been hesitant to leave the Crown family.

I have introduced several important people who live under the same roof for four generations. So what are Peiping people like? People say "Four Generations under One roof" is a masterpiece that changes the souls of Peiping people. Yes, people before the war were bound by the feudal traditional spirit for a long time, which formed the weakness and burden of confusion, solitude, lack of adventurous spirit and heroism. They always passively bear and endure Japanese aggression. As Mrs. Ma has always said to Changshun: "Let's live honestly and stop making trouble! Anyway, the world will always be peaceful! The Japanese are very powerful, but we can't stand it! " Patience and compromise are their specialties. They know that the good citizen card is a "card of national subjugation", but they still reach out and pick it up; They know that "offering iron" is to make guns for the enemy, but they still try their best to hand them all over; They know that the makeup skating competition in Beihai is a "dressing-up play" by the invaders, but they still flock to watch it. They used to support their weak bodies for a few pounds of "* * * dough" and stood in the sun for a long time, but no one shouted, "Down with Japan!" Sad Beiping people, who used to be depressed, worried, confused and indifferent; They are hungry, humiliated, compromised and stupid. They lived the life of the conquered, and their souls suffered from the Japanese "year number". They were angry and annoyed, but they did nothing. In the novel, Chen said, "From a long history, there is nothing shameful about being a China person. However, from the perspective of only caring about selfishness and ignoring the public, only telling the truth and not daring to shoot the real knife, I really don't admire the people of China. " This sentence is Lao She's description and evaluation of Peiping people at that time, which is very accurate. At that time, Peiping people really just spoke their minds. There was no real knife and gun, so they had to fight until they were cornered. Then why do Beiping people do this? This is about the culture of Beiping. Lao She said that the culture of Beiping is like a "beautiful flower without thorns" and has no self-defense ability. If someone comes to destroy it, it can only passively accept death. Such a culture makes Peiping people love peace and stay away from resistance; Such a culture makes Peiping people choose patience in the face of aggression and do not know how to defend themselves. Therefore, it can be said that the actions of Beiping people are deeply influenced by feudal ideology and culture. It is right to love peace, but only if your country is inviolable.

Lao She's "A Family of Four Generations" not only shows the life scenes of the people in the occupied areas and the painful mental journey of the conquered people, but also covers the author's reflection on the national culture and history of the ancient Chinese nation. Writing is not a big deal, but he succeeded-every character in the book was influenced by the culture of that era.

The Japanese invasion broke the culture of that era and turned it into a self-defense culture, just like a rose with thorns. So in the end, Beiping people resisted under oppression and finally won. But personally, I think the style of this novel is still somewhat sad-four generations live under one roof, and four generations die together.