Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on a Humble Room"

Inscription on a humble house

If the mountain is not high, it will be famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains. There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people when coming and going. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: "Why is there such a thing?"

Notes

⑴ Zai: lies, verb.

⑵ Name: famous, famous, famous because of -, noun as verb.

⑶ Ling: Appearing to be spiritual, noun as verb.

⑷ This is a simple house: This is a simple house. S: This, this. Yes: represents judgment. shabby house: a simple house.

⑸ Weiwu Dexin: It’s just that I (the person who lives in the house) has high moral character (I don’t feel simple anymore) Wei: Only. Me: I, here refers to the person who lives in the house himself. Xin: fragrance, here refers to high moral character.

(6) Up: verb, grow to, spread to.

⑺ Hongru: A scholar from a great university, here refers to a person who is knowledgeable and of high moral character. Hong: Big. Confucianism: used to refer to scholars.

⑻ Bai Ding: Common people, here refers to people with little knowledge.

⑼ Tiaosu Qin: Play the Qin without decoration. Tiao: Tune, here finger playing (qin). Suqin: Guqin without decoration.

⑽Golden Sutra: refers to the Buddhist scriptures written in gold. That is the Diamond Sutra.

⑾Sizhu: refers to musical instruments such as harp, flute and flute, here it refers to the sound of playing music. "Si" refers to string instruments, and "bamboo" refers to wind instruments. This refers to music.

⑿: particle, not translated. Used between subject and predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence.

1. Disturbing ears: Disturbing both ears. Chaos: The causative usage of the adjective makes...chaos, disrupts.

⒁Official documents (dú): official documents from the government.

⒂ Labor form: to make the body tired (useful usage). Lao: The use of adjectives to make... work. Shape: form, body.

⒃Nanyang: Place name, west of today’s Nanyang City, Henan Province. Before Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, he lived in seclusion and farmed in Wollongong, Nanyang.

⒄ Zhuge Cottage in Nanyang, and the Pavilion of Yangzi Cloud in Western Shu: There is Zhuge Liang’s thatched cottage in Nanyang, and there is the pavilion of Yangzi Cloud in Western Shu. These two sentences mean that Zhuge Lu and Ziyunting are both simple and simple, but because the people who live there are famous, they are admired by people. Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. He was a famous politician and military strategist. Before becoming an official, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong Mountain in Nanyang County. Yang Xiong, courtesy name Ziyun, was a writer in the Western Han Dynasty and a native of Chengdu, Shu County. Hut, a simple little house.

⒅ He is ugly: That is, "What is ugly", which belongs to the preposition of the object. In other words, the particle, the sign of the preposition of the object, is not translated. The full sentence is translated as: What is so simple?

(19) Confucius said: Confucius said that every word in classical Chinese refers to cloud.

Translation

A mountain does not lie in its height. If there are immortals, it will become a famous mountain. Water does not depend on its depth. If there is a dragon, it becomes water with spiritual power. This is a simple house, but I (the person who lives in it) have good moral character (it doesn’t feel simple anymore). The moss is green and grows on the steps; the green grass is reflected in the curtain. Those who talked and laughed were all knowledgeable people, and there were no uneducated people coming and going. [1] You can play the undecorated piano and read Buddhist scriptures. There is no loud music to disturb the ears, and no official documents to tire the body. There is Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Nanyang, and there is a pavilion like Yangziyun in Xishu. Confucius said: "What is so simple?"

The historical background of the writing of "The Inscription on the Humble Chamber"

Liu Yuxi offended the powerful officials of the dynasty because he participated in the political reform movement at that time, and was demoted to Anhui Hezhou County serves as a small general judge. According to regulations, the general judge should live in a three-bedroom house in the county government office. But when Hezhou County saw people serving dishes, they saw that Liu Yuxi was a soft persimmon who had been demoted from above, so they deliberately made things difficult for him. He was first arranged to live in the south of the city facing the river. Liu Yuxi not only had no complaints, but was very happy. He even wrote two sentences casually and posted them on the door: "Facing the river and watching the white sails, I was thinking about arguing with the state."

"The county magistrate of Hezhou was very angry when he found out and ordered the Yali officers to move Liu Yuxi's residence from the south gate of the county to the north gate of the county, reducing the area from the original three rooms to one and a half rooms. The new house is located by the Desheng River, with weeping willows nearby. The environment was satisfactory, but Liu Yuxi still didn't care. He was attracted by the scenery and wrote two sentences on the door: "The willows are weeping and the green river is green. People are in Liyang and their hearts are in Beijing." "

The county magistrate saw that he was still carefree and indifferent, so he sent someone to transfer him to the middle of the county again, and only gave him a small room that could only accommodate a bed, a table, and a chair. . In half a year, the magistrate forced Liu Yuxi to move three times, each time the area became smaller and smaller. In the end, it was just a small room. Thinking that this snobbish dog official was really bullying people, he angrily wrote this extraordinary and interesting article. He wrote the elegant "Inscription on the Humble Room" and asked Liu Gongquan to carve a stone tablet and place it in front of the door.

Appreciation

1-3 sentences

The "Inscription on the Humble Room" is. The beginning of the chapter is about mountains and rivers. The water does not need to be deep. As long as there is a fairy dragon, you can be famous.

So although the residence is simple, it is "lovable" because of the "virtue" of the owner. In other words, the humble house Because people with high moral character can certainly become famous and have a reputation that is engraved on stone. Ordinary landscapes are brought to life by immortal dragons, so a humble house can also be spread with such fragrance through people with high moral character. The technique of leveraging force is truly exquisite, and the author is particularly ingenious. In particular, he uses the fairy dragon to highlight the landscape, and the idea is wonderful. "This is a humble house, but I am virtuous." Turn to the topic directly, and lay the foundation for reading the introduction. The reason is the word Dexin.

4-7 sentences

From this point, it can be seen that the author wrote this essay after repeated thinking, and it is definitely not a temporary inspiration. The quatrains can be a sudden inspiration, but the perfect connection is the usual accumulation of skills and repeated deliberation of 4-7 sentences. I wrote this article and carved it on the stone, which has a very strong tit-for-tat nature. Judging from the writing method of the whole article, the whole article is written in one go with the "comparison" method, rather than "moss marks" and "moss marks". What are the two sentences talking and laughing about? The moss is still green on the stone steps, and the weeds are lush and green in the wasteland. What is the implication? I, Liu Yuxi, will never change my true character wherever I go. The people I interact with are all well-educated and educated people, and there are no uneducated people like you. The author uses moss and weeds to describe his independent personality. This is a portrayal of integrity and an unyielding declaration. Qin, read the Golden Scripture. There is no confusion of silk and bamboo, and there is no labor of form." These two sentences also continue the "comparison" technique, but they have changed from analogy to reverse contrast.

If we talk about 1~ of this article The 3rd sentence is a kind of foreshadowing, and the 4th to 7th sentences enter the real confrontation. The author shows his pride in poetic and beautiful language, and at the same time, he also mercilessly lashes out at the snobs.

Sentences 8-9

The concluding sentence quotes "Confucius said: What is so shameful? ", quoting the words of the ancients, concludes the whole article, explaining that the humble room is "not humble". It expresses his pursuit of the highest moral quality of the feudal ethics at that time. Using the ethics affirmed by the saints to standardize and demand himself may be Liu Yuxi's own morality The highest requirement of quality. I don’t know what the content of this sentence means, but it is a perfect combination of the meaning of the question. Because feudal ethics takes Confucian moral standards as the highest moral standard, Confucius affirmed it. It also gave the best conclusion to his theory of moral character. The paper should have arguments, and citing the words of Confucius as an argument was undoubtedly the best argument at the time, sufficient and irrefutable.

"Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Ziyunting in Western Shu" The author uses Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage and Xuanting in Yangziyun in Western Shu as analogies to draw out his own humble house and people as his role models, hoping that he can also have noble virtues like them. Cao reflects his own thinking of being a sage in ancient times, and at the same time implies that the humble house is not poor. In fact, Liu Yuxi's writing has another hidden meaning, that is, Zhuge Liang lived in the thatched cottage in Longzhong waiting for the Ming Dynasty to come out.

And what about Yang Xiong? But he was a man who was indifferent to fame and wealth and devoted himself to studying. Although he was a top official, his indifference to the ups and downs of official position and money was a model for future generations. The author quotes these two people, and what he wants to express is: to be calm in the face of changes, to be unyielding in the face of danger, to stick to one's moral integrity, and to be calm about honor and disgrace. I don’t want to go along with the secular world, but I also want to show my ambition when I meet the enlightened master. If there is no enlightened master, I would rather settle for a mediocre ambition. This, combined with the ups and downs of the author's officialdom, is more in line with the actual situation.