Su Shi's poems reveal Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.

Su Shi is full of great ambition to assist the current emperor as a sage, and he is full of extreme self-confidence in his ability to govern the country and level the world, which highlights his Confucianism. However, Su Shi has been frustrated in politics, career and life, and he has no way to serve the country. Make him fall into depression, confusion, emotion and sadness. Therefore, when Su Shi suffered successive setbacks and blows, his ambition to make contributions was hard to pay, and his dream of longing could not be realized, he had to seek spiritual satisfaction "inward". Like all feudal intellectuals in history, for Su Shi, Buddhism, Laozi and Zhuangzi's Zen thought is the best comfort. Su Shi found his "self" and his "last home" in Buddhism, Laozi and Zhuangzi's Zen thought, which became a paradise for him to enjoy himself. However, Su Shi did not simply abandon and choose. Su Shi's attitude towards Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism was eclectic and comprehensive, which was used by me. He absorbed and criticized Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In different periods of being active in politics and being frustrated, they have different performances because of different prosperity and adversity; At the same time, he deliberately reconciled the three schools and formed a unique thought of being philosophical and adaptive. This kind of thought made several Chibi poems during Su Shi's exile in Huangzhou (Qianchibi Fu, Houchibi Fu, Niannujiao? There is a concentrated expression in "Red Cliff Nostalgia". The three Red Cliff essays represent the highest literary achievement of Su Shi's life, and are also a channel to get a glimpse of Su Shi's thoughts.

Keywords: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism complement each other, and they are philosophical

Su Shi (137—111) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). He is a literary master in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu, and the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Knowledgeable and versatile, poetry, words, literature, books and paintings are all masters of a generation. The style of his works is bold and open-minded, unrestrained for writing, free for poetry, bold and unrestrained for ci, generous and exciting. Xin Qiji inherited and developed the style of Su Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty, and formed the "Su Xin" school of bold and unrestrained ci. Numerous chapters created by Su Shi in his life have been sung for generations. His unique personality charm is dumped by people; His legendary and tortuous life experience has attracted countless scholars to sigh and talk about it.

Looking at Su Shi's literary creation all his life, it is closely related to his life path and ideological situation. On behalf of Su Shi's highest literary achievements in his life, several Chibi poems (Qian Chibi Fu, Hou Chibi Fu, Nian Nujiao? Red Cliff Nostalgia) was written during his exile in Huangzhou. When we mention Chibi, we can't help but think of Battle of Red Cliffs in the Three Kingdoms period. In Li Bai's Song of Chibi Farewell, there is a saying, "The two dragons fought the battle, and the Chibi building swept the floor. The sentence "Fire shines on the sea of clouds every day, and Zhou Yu breaks Cao Gong here" describes the situation in Battle of Red Cliffs at that time. However, during the Three Kingdoms period, there were different opinions about the location of Battle of Red Cliffs, including Huangzhou, Jiayu, Jiangxia, Hanyang and Hanchuan. Some people thought that Huangzhou Chibi written by Su Shi was not the place where Zhou Yu defeated Cao, which led to the theory of "Wen Chibi" and "Wu Chibi". Some people think that it is good for Su Shi to mourn in Huangzhou, and Zhou Yufang's soaring fire is here. This article, leave it alone for the time being, but Su Shi's affection for Chibi is certain. Su Shi's thoughts are rich and broad. He is not in charge of one family, and he is eclectic. There are many people who have always studied his thinkers. I would like to talk about Su Shi's thoughts with these poems on Red Cliff, so as to get a glimpse of the whole leopard. Please criticize and correct me.

1. Confucianism-a lifelong pursuit

Su Shi has traveled a lot. Why did Chibi give him such a great shock? The root cause is still related to Su Shi's life experience, his eagerness to make contributions, his active participation in the WTO and his Confucian thought of being a monarch. When Su Shi stood on the banks of the rolling Yangtze River, he was deeply moved by "thinking of the God of Gong Jin" and "strengthening the cause of Gong Jin". He is reading Nujiao? The word "Red Cliff Nostalgia" artistically reproduces the spectacular scene of Battle of Red Cliffs in that year, and says "river of no return, the waves are exhausted, and the eternal romantic figure" very sonorous. "When I think back to Gong Jin, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time, and she was handsome and heroic, with a feather fan and a black scarf. She talked and laughed, and all of them wrote about Zhou Lang, which fully expressed her admiration for the hero Zhou Yu. At the beginning, Zhou Yu's youth was successful and his speech was excellent, and he wiped out the powerful enemy forces between leisurely talking and laughing. And I am in adversity, but I have no way to serve my country. This poem is full of Su Shi's nostalgia for the hero and his indignation and loss that he can't display his ambition to use the world.

In Qian Chibi Fu, "Gui Gui Xi Lan paddles, striking the sky and tracing the streamer; I am in my arms, looking at the beauty and the sky. " Where is the person I admire? On the side of heaven! Obviously, the beauty here refers to the court that Su Shi is bent on serving, or the emperor Shenzong. It sounds like a sentimental love song, but in fact, it reveals the stagnation that is not reused, and even the guest who plays the flute is playing "such as resentment." Crying like a complaint; The lingering sound, like a wisp, dances the hidden dumpling in the secluded valley and cries the lonely wife, as if to convey one's longing to the "beauty" far away by the sound of flute and singing.

The Post-Red Cliff Fu Su Shi focused on describing the scenery of Red Cliff and his own actions. In the article, "Take clothes up, walk on the rocks, be covered with velvet, live in tigers and leopards, climb the dangerous nest of storks, and bow down to the secluded palace of Feng Yi", which also shows Su Shi's courage and condescending momentum, and entrusts Su Shi with his lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments. Facing the boundless scenery of mountains and rivers on a moonlit night, Su Shi couldn't help worrying about it, condensing his depressed feelings in the long whistle, and his feelings turned from joy to sadness. Finally, Su Zi, who fell asleep after swimming, saw the Taoist priest who had turned into a lonely crane in her dreams. In the mysterious illusion of "giving thanks", "not answering" and "laughing", she revealed the inner anguish caused by the ideological contradiction of the author's birth and entry into the WTO. Su Shi, who was frustrated in politics, wanted to seek detachment from the joy of mountains and rivers. The result was not only useless, but also added new sorrow to the trauma in his heart. After a dream, Nanke returned to the depressing reality. At the end, the eight words "open an account and see where it is" are quite confused, but there is also a pun meaning. On the surface, it seems that the Taoist priest in the dream has suddenly disappeared, but the deeper connotation is "Where is Perilla's future, ideal, pursuit and ambition?

In Su Shi's three works, Confucianism's thought of serving the world and eager to make contributions is the foundation. No matter how the author's mood and thoughts change in the end, it is caused by his ambition. The contradiction between ideal and reality puzzled him. "Hometown wandering, passionate about Ying Xiao Wo, born early and prosperous", reveals infinite feelings and sadness about his own experience from self-mockery. It is not difficult to imagine that when Su Shi suffered successive setbacks and blows in his life, and the dream he longed for could not be realized, he naturally wanted to vent, or adjust. However, this pursuit and ideal was deeply rooted in the bone marrow and could not be changed from beginning to end. If Su Shi would be reused by the court one day, his thought of being a monarch, Yao and Shun would be revived immediately. "Life is like a dream, and one bottle is still a month away", although it is a masturbation and liberation, it is not difficult to see the helplessness and sadness implied in it. In fact, he still has great ambitions in his heart.

Su Shi admires Han Qi, Fan Zhongyan, Fu Zheng, Ouyang Li and other political and literary veterans, and is of great use to the world. Su Shi set foot on his official career as early as the age of 26, and Confucianism's thought of joining the WTO was his "backbone". His lofty words of "To Yao Shun, the monarch, why is it difficult" in his early years can best represent his yearning and pursuit of achievements. In the paper "The Theory of Rewarding Loyalty by Punishment" written by Jinshi in the Examination Department of Su Shi, he warmly praised the "time when Yao Shunyu, Tang Wenwu and Zhou Gong became healthy", which Confucianism has always advertised and taken as a model, and put forward. You can punish, you can not punish, and the punishment is too righteous. Too much benevolence is a gentleman; If you are too righteous, you will flow into forbearance. " Although this is an article for taking part in the imperial examination, it does reflect Su Shi's political thought, and this thought has become the basic guiding ideology for his later life in politics, and it is always implemented. When Benevolence went smoothly, its spirit of joining the WTO was always very strong. In his mid-year political essays, Su Shi repeatedly expounded the thought of "Heaven is healthy, and a gentleman strives for self-improvement" in the Book of Changes, hoping that "the son of heaven will exert his vigorous power one day", and he will be active in reform and shout for reform. For Wang Anshi's political reform, Su Shi held an old-fashioned view because he exaggerated the drawbacks of the political reform, but when the old school abolished the new law, he did not hesitate to lose his high position and wealth, and confronted Sima Guang face to face, arguing that it was necessary to preserve the exemption law. In 174, Su Shi, who had been an official for a short time, wrote down his grand ambition for the first time on the way to his post from Hangzhou, where he was transferred to Zhizhou, Mizhou: "At that time, * * * was a guest for a long time, like a teenager who came from two places. To you, Yao Shun, why is this difficult? When you use it, hide in me, why not just watch! I am healthy, but I am good at swimming and dying, and I am proud of it! " ("Qinyuanchun, I went to Mizhou to leave early and immediately send my son") The words express my ambition to help the current emperor to be a sage, full of extreme confidence in my own country and talents, and express a sense of pride in my independent choice to advance and retreat. A talented and heroic Su Shi jumped from the page. When Su Shi was appointed as Zhizhou in Mizhou, on the one hand, from the high sense of responsibility of Confucianism, he showed deep concern and apology for the people's sufferings: "Autumn crops are not eyeful, and wheat seeds are scarce. I am always ashamed of the people of this country, and the thorns are in the skin. Five thousand volumes in my life, not a word to save hunger. " ("See and send it to Kong Langzhong Jinglin immediately"). On the other hand, he compared himself with ancient heroes, expressing a strong desire to serve the country and the nation on the battlefield. "The old man talks about juvenile madness: the left is yellow, and the right is pale. Golden hat mink fur, thousands of riding a flat wind. In order to repay the people of the city for following my generous offer of hunting, I will shoot the tiger in person like sun quan. The wine is full, and the chest is still open. Why not have a slight frost on your temples? When will the emperor send someone down, like the emperor Wen of the Han dynasty sent feng Tang to the cloud to pardon weishang? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, as full as the full moon, toward the northwest, shooting to the west Xia jun team. "("Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting ") Even when it was hit politically, Su Shi's enterprising spirit was not completely erased. During his exile in Hainan, at that time, he was a man who had abandoned his crimes. He was not in his place and did not seek his own government, but he still wrote the following words: "Your life is heavy, and the minister's day is here. New kindness can still be ignored, but old learning is hard to change in the end "("Thousand Years Old, Little Rhyme Travel "), which expresses his political ambition of not forgetting his mission and not changing his service to the country despite hardships.

second, Buddhism and Taoism —— the title of commander to Yao and Shun

With the intensification of the personal dictatorship of feudal monarchs after the Song Dynasty, the personality of literati was further compressed, and their personal ideals were often shattered by the supreme imperial power. They have to pursue a quiet life to amuse themselves, retire from the mountains, keep their morals and stay aloof from things. However, for many people with lofty ideals, once given the opportunity, they showed their eagerness to make contributions and made great efforts to maintain the disorder of feudal rule. This is a personality model of "Confucianism and Taoism complement each other". Su Shi's thought is a typical example of this kind of "Confucianism and Taoism complement each other", and there are Buddhist thoughts in Su Shi's thought besides Confucianism and Taoism.

Su Shi's thoughts are mainly Confucianism, but Taoism and Buddhism are also closely related to him. At the age of eight, she studied in elementary school from Taoist Zhang Yijian in Tianqingguan Arctic Academy. When I was young, I liked to read Zhuangzi. "I sighed:" I used to see it in China, but I couldn't say it. Now I see Zhuangzi, which won my heart. " It can be seen that he hit it off with Zhuangzi's thoughts, which naturally caused a * * * sound in his heart. Not only for Laozi and Zhuangzi, but also for Taoism, he was deeply interested in Taoism since he was young, and he did not change in his later years. When he was in exile in Huizhou, he asked Liu for the secret of Daoism in the Letter to Liu Yiweng, and hoped that the other party would give him the refined foreign elixir. In the letter, he said that he was "a good man, and he didn't want to get married, but he was strong by his father and brother. When he fell into the net, he couldn't commit suicide. However, I have never forgotten this heart. " He also had contact with Buddhism very early, and when he was young, he was in contact with Wei Du, a master of elegance in Shu, and Wei Jian, a master of Bao Yue. When I was sentenced to Hangzhou, I liked to listen to Master Haiyue's argument, which was quite insightful. He recalled the situation at that time and said: "Every time I went to see the teacher, I sat opposite each other. When I heard the words, I was worried about the ice, and my form and spirit were all peaceful." When he was relegated to Huangzhou, he could not get out of Dumen for a long time. Living in seclusion is not a book, but the Buddhist scriptures are used to send the sun away, and it is no longer close to the pen and ink stone. " Not only study Buddhism, but also find spiritual sustenance in Buddhism. In the past, when he was reflecting on his "gesture of raising the mind" and asking for a "way to rehabilitate himself", he "returned to the Buddhist monk and asked for a wash". In the past five years, he went to ankokuji, a fine house in the south of the city, "I went there for a day or two, burned incense and sat silently, and I was deeply introspective, so I forgot everything, and my body and mind were empty ... I was clean and stained, and I was both inside and outside. Privately stealing it. " The more unfortunate you are in your later years, the more you will absorb Buddhism and old ideas in your life as a means of coping with adversity and adapting yourself to it. He lived and died together, and once he was discredited, he despised wealth, was good at being poor, adapted himself to circumstances, detached himself from things, and worked harder to pursue the realm of "forgetting things and forgetting me, leaving both body and mind empty". As he said in his book on giving reasons to children: "I am willful and carefree, and I am open-minded with my fate, but I do my best and there is no other solution." The so-called "but do your best" is what he pursues "to entertain yourself with time", and "the so-called self-entertainment is not a worldly pleasure, but there is nothing in the chest, that is, mountains, rivers, plants, insects and fish can all have fun." The basis of this attitude towards life is the thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.

When Su Shi was in Huangzhou, he was frustrated in politics, career and life, which made him depressed and confused. What should we do? If you go in, you can't, so go back. It is this kind of pain that makes Su Shi's thoughts "turn inward", and his ambition to make achievements is hard to be rewarded, so he has to seek spiritual satisfaction "inward". Like all feudal intellectuals in history, for Su Shi, Buddhism, Laozi and Zhuangzi's Zen thought is the best comfort. Su Shi found his "self" and his "last home" in Buddhism, Laozi and Zhuangzi's Zen thought, which became a paradise for him to enjoy himself. Although Su Shi suffered many setbacks in politics, he did not embark on the road of "sadness". The key is to have the support of Buddhism, Laozi, Zhuangzi and Zen. Under the temptation of nature and freedom, Su Shi spent his whole life searching for mountains and monks and wandering in natural landscapes, aiming at finding a spiritual remedy beyond the shortcomings of real life. At this time, Buddhism and Taoism became the spiritual support for his retreat. People need adjustment. At this time, Buddhism and Taoism are Su Shi's adjustment. I was deeply impressed by Zhou Lang's heroic posture and his frustration, so I thought that "the waves are exhausted, and the people are romantic through the ages", so "life is like a dream, and one bottle is still on the moon". Boating on the Red Cliff, "The breeze is cool in Xu Lai, and the water waves are stagnant" and "The moon rises in Dongshan and the dew crosses the river", which brings comfort and freedom to his depressed and stagnant mind and makes him feel "Feng Xu defends the wind, feathering and ascending the immortal". "Take flying fairy to travel, hold the bright moon and end up". Taoism's thought of seeking immortality and visiting Taoism flooded into the poet's heart again. The image of "Shui Yue" in Fu on the Former Red Cliff is also a typical Taoist thought. With the metaphor of Shui Yue and the help of Zhuangzi's relativism, Su Shi expounded the relationship between change and invariance. "The deceased is like this, (writing about the change of water) and never going; (Write the water unchanged) Those who are full of deficiency are like that. (Write the change of the month) and the death will not grow or fall. Therefore, from the perspective of change, "the heavens and the earth could not be in an instant", while from the perspective of invariability, "things and I are endless". In fact, this passage reflects Su Shi's thoughts. The article contains both the negative thoughts that life is short and fleeting, and the philosophical thoughts that everything is endless and independent. It can also be seen that Su Shi is influenced by Laozi, Zhuangzi and Buddhism, and often experiences life and observes nature through infinite space. This Fu was written when the author was demoted to Huangzhou, and the metaphor of Shui Yue is that the author is broad-minded (with the guest)