Urgent! ! ! Similarities and differences between Italian terraced gardens and French classical gardens. (Require 1500 words or more)-Friends who are satisfied with the answer can get extra points.

Italy is located in the Mediterranean Apennine Peninsula in southern Europe. It is hot and dry in summer, warm and humid in winter, with three slopes and only a narrow plain along the coast. Therefore, from ancient times to the present, Italian aristocrats and rich people have built villas with their backs to the hillside and facing the sea. During the European Renaissance, Italy became the center of economic prosperity, which made gardens as a cultural form reach its peak. In particular, architects and landscape architects in ancient Greece fled to Italy in large numbers to avoid the Turkish invaders, which revived and developed the culture of the Greek and Roman Empire in that country. The gardening mode of terraced garden is to build a garden from top to bottom under the background of towering European fir forest, with houses built on it and multi-layered terraces formed downwards; Central axis symmetry, multistage waterfall, overlapping water, wall spring, pool; Plastic trees, hedges, flowers, marble statues, flowerpots, animals and other sculptures are symmetrically arranged on both sides. People are in the forest, commanding, and the sea breeze caresses their faces, giving a panoramic view of the unique Mediterranean scenery.

Italian terrace garden: Villa garden is the most representative type of Italian Renaissance garden. Villa gardens are mostly built on hillsides, and a number of terraces are made on the slopes, so-called terraced gardens. The overall layout of terraced gardens is that the main buildings are usually located at the highest part of the hillside, and layers of terraces are opened on a central axis leading out along the hillside in front of them, which are respectively equipped with treasure niches, platforms, flower beds, pools, fountains and statues. The platforms on each floor are connected by pedals. Chinese fir, boxwood, lycopodium and other towering trees are planted on both sides of the central axis as a transition between the original and the surrounding natural environment. This is a combination of conventional style and landscape style, and the former is the main one.

The formation of Italian terrace garden is quite consistent with Italy's national geography. Italy is located in the Apennine Peninsula in southern Europe, with mountains and hills accounting for 80% of its land area. Summer here is stuffy and hot on the plains, but on the hills, even if it is only a few tens of meters high, it makes people feel very different. There is a cool sea breeze during the day and cold air blowing from the mountains at night. It is this terrain and climate that has created a unique terraced garden in Italy. Therefore, from ancient times to the present, Italian aristocrats and rich people have built villas with their backs to the hillside and facing the sea. During the European Renaissance, Italy became the center of economic prosperity, which made gardens as a cultural form reach its peak. In particular, architects and landscape architects in ancient Greece fled to Italy in large numbers to avoid the Turkish invaders, which revived and developed the culture of the Greek and Roman Empire in that country.

The other two characteristics of terraced gardens are 1, and the means of water control are far richer than in the past. Each water source that meets the heights serves as a reservoir, and then it is injected downward along the slope to become a waterfall, advection or running water ladder. On the lower platform, various fountains are made by using the pressure of water droplets, and the lowest platform gathers into a pool. In addition, we often appreciate the pressure of running water to make various fountains, and the lowest layer of the platform gathers into a pool. Besides. There are often devices specially designed to appreciate the sound of running water, and even consciously use the sound of running water to form the melody of music. As decorative embellishments, there are various "garden sketches", such as beautifully carved stone railings, stone jars, treasure niches, inscriptions and countless marble statues with the theme of classical mythology. Their own light and crystal set off dark green trees, clear water and blue sky, forming a bright and strong contrast in color and texture.

In dealing with the relationship between gardens and buildings, Italy started the European system, and regarded gardens as the outdoor extension of mansions. This theory also became the growth basis of European garden geometry. In addition, the setting of the central axis is also a great contribution of Italian gardens to the European system. Although the central axis began to appear as early as Greek and Roman times, which can be traced back to the central waterway of West Asia at the earliest, the central axis in Italian terraced gardens stands on the mountain and runs through several countertops, experiencing several height differences, forming a water drop, completely getting rid of the dull trickle of West Asia and beginning to show the grand momentum of coconut oil in the European system. Moreover, some manors have more than one or two axes, but several axes intersect vertically, parallel or even radially, which are new technologies that have not been available before. The typical water law in the European system also started from the platform garden. The typical water law in the European system also started from the platform garden. Because water can make the air moist, and because it is located on the terrace, the waterscape of Italian gardens can often form a sense of space and rich layering in the constant drop. At the top of terraced gardens, permanent water storage tanks are sometimes used as water sources in the form of caves. There are statues or streams and springs arranged in rocks in the cave, which is realistic and increases Shan Ye's interest. Water steps can be formed along the slope, and swift waterfalls can be formed in places with steep terrain and large drop. There can be overflow, wall spring and other forms at the joints of different platforms. On the lower platform, fountains can be formed by water level difference, or sculptures can be combined, or various beautiful water spraying patterns and patterns can be formed. Later, he made a big fuss about water spraying skills, creating impressive waterscapes such as water theater and water organ, as well as various magic fountains to please tourists. The lower platform can also collect water to form a calm pool or a wide canal. Designers will pay great attention to the relationship between the pool and the surrounding environment, so that it has a good proportion and appropriate scale. As for the contrast between the fountain and the background in color and light and shade, it has also been carefully considered.

Italian gardens are generally attached to suburban villas. Together with the villa, it is designed by architects and has a unified layout, but the villa does not play a leading role. It inherits the characteristics of ancient Roman gardens, adopts regular layout and does not highlight the axis. The garden is divided into two parts: the part next to the main building is the garden, and the outside of the garden is the forest garden.

There are many hills in Italy, and garden villas are built on slopes. The ensuing garden terrain is divided into several platforms. Geometrical pools are symmetrically arranged on terraced fields according to the central axis, trees are cut down to plant boxwood or cypress, and flowers are rarely used. Pay attention to water treatment. The mountain spring water is guided by the terrain channel, layer by layer, tinkling. Or pipe water to the platform, forming a fountain due to water pressure. Waterfalls and fountains are very active landscapes in the garden. The surrounding forest garden is a natural scenery with dense trees. The main building of the villa is usually on the higher or highest terrace, overlooking the whole garden and enjoying the surrounding natural scenery. Italian gardens are often called "terrace gardens".

Characteristics of French garden style

(1) In the early days of the French Renaissance, the high walls and trenches of medieval castle gardens were still preserved in French gardens, and the gardens composed of large or small enclosed courtyards had no connection with buildings in composition, and there was also a lack of connection between platforms. Most of the gardens are located on the side of the mansion, and the terrain of the gardens changes gently, and the height difference between terraces is not big. The influence of Italy is mainly manifested in the elements and techniques of gardening. Stone pavilions, corridors, railings, scaffolding, etc. It has already appeared in the garden, and simple patterns embroidered with patterns have also appeared in the flower beds, occasionally decorated with statues. Caves and niches were also introduced to France, with statues inside and arches or columns at the entrance.

(2)/kloc-After the middle of the 6th century, the style of French gardens took on a new look. The mansion is no longer a closed fortress with irregular plane. The main building, hatchback and gatehouse are arranged around the square inner courtyard, with clear priorities and symmetrical axes. The ornamental value of the garden has increased, and it is generally arranged behind the mansion, extending from the foot of the main building, and the central axis coincides with the central axis of the mansion, adopting a symmetrical layout.

(3) While studying Italian gardens, French gardens have created some unique styles in combination with their own characteristics.

First of all, the embroidered flower bed is divided into two symmetrical blocks by a road by a layout method suitable for the plain area of France, and sometimes the patterns are combined with Arabic decorative patterns and geometric figures.

Secondly, flowers and plants are used to imitate clothes and embroidery lace to form a new garden decoration art, which is called "Moorish" or "Arabic" decoration. The green plant altar is divided into small square flower beds with boxwood as the pattern. In addition to retaining flowers and plants, colored shale particles or sand are also used as the backing to improve the decorative effect.

Thirdly, flower beds are one of the most important elements in French gardens. From simply dividing the whole garden into square flower beds to treating the garden as a whole and arranging embroidered flower beds according to patterns, it is a great leap in French garden art.

Characteristics of French classical gardens: 1) The theme of imperial power is expressed in the form of gardens.

2) In the composition of the garden, the mansion occupies a central position and plays a role in controlling the whole garden.

Often built on the commanding heights of gardens.

3) The composition of the garden itself also reflects the hierarchy in the authoritarian regime.

4) The garden environment fully embodies the artificial characteristics.

5) The site is required to be large and the terrain is flat or slightly undulating.

6) In the creation of waterscape, please keep this mark. ) in the form of lakes and rivers common in the French plains, in order to

Form a mirror-like waterscape effect.

7) In terms of plants, broad-leaved trees are widely used, which obviously reflects the four seasons.

Change.

8) The embroidered flower bed near the residence is one of the original creations of French gardens.

9) On the roads in the park, sketches such as pools are arranged on the roadside or at intersections.

Representative Gardens: Versailles Garden, Wallervigan Mansion Garden, Xianggeli Garden.

This is what I summarized for the landlord. I hope it will help you after finishing.