About << Qu Yuan >>

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Qu Yuan and the Legend of Dragon Boat Festival

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the traditional Dragon Boat Festival in China, also known as Duanyang, Chongwu and Dragon Boat Festival. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, there was a custom of "storing orchids and bathing on May 5th". But many activities of the Dragon Boat Festival today are related to the memory of Qu Yuan, a great writer in China.

During the Warring States period, Chu and Qin fought for hegemony, and the poet Qu Yuan was highly valued by the King of Chu. However, Qu Yuan's ideas were opposed by the old school headed by the above officials, doctors and Shanxi merchants, and he constantly vilified Qu Yuan in front of Chu Huaiwang. Chu Huaiwang gradually alienated Qu Yuan, and Qu Yuan, who had great ambitions, was deeply distressed. With uncontrollable sadness and indignation, he wrote immortal poems such as Li Sao and Tianxiang. In 229 BC, the State of Qin captured eight cities of Chu, and then sent envoys to invite Chu Huaiwang to make peace with the State of Qin. Qu yuan saw through the plot of the king of Qin and risked his life to enter the palace to state his interests. Chu Huaiwang did not listen, but expelled Qu Yuan from the capital. Chu Huaiwang attended the meeting as scheduled and was imprisoned as soon as he arrived in Qin. Chu Huaiwang was filled with remorse and died in the state of Qin three years later. Shortly after the King of Chu ascended the throne, the King of Qin sent troops to attack the State of Chu. The King of Chu retreated hastily and Qin Jun captured Ying City. On the way to exile, Qu Yuan heard the bad news of sudden death and the attack on Tancheng, but he was so desperate that he sighed and jumped into the turbulent Guluo River.

The fishermen on the river and the people on the shore heard that Dr. Qu Yuan threw himself into the river and came to the river to salvage Qu Yuan's body. This custom later evolved into dragon boat racing. People take zongzi and eggs from home and throw them into the river so that the fish won't bite the body of Dr. Qu Yuan. There are doctors who pour realgar wine into the river, so that the medicine can stun the dragon water beast and prevent Dr. Qu Yuan from being hurt. Soon, a dizzy dragon floated on the water, with a skirt of Dr. Qu on his beard. People pull dragons ashore, remove tendons, then wrap tendons around children's hands and necks and wipe their brains with realgar wine. Some even write the word "Wang" on the children's foreheads, so that those poisonous snakes and pests dare not hurt them. Since then, at the beginning of May every year, Qu Yuan has been martyred in the river, and Chu people go to the river to row dragon boats, throw zongzi and drink realgar wine to commemorate the poet, so the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival has been handed down.

Ruins and legends of Zigui, Qu Yuan's hometown.

[Author: Zigui County Cultural Tourism Bureau reposted from: original hits: 3278 Update time: August 3, 20041]

Quyuan Temple: It was built by Wang Maoyuan, the secretariat of Guizhou Province in the 15th year of Tang Yuanhe (AD 820), and made a preface to the Inscription of Doctor Chu Qu.

Quyuan Temple: There are two Quyuan temples in Quyuan's birthplace. One is located in Xiangluping, Quyuan Village, which was built in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. One is located at the boundary of Beifeng Village, which was built in the forty-second year of Qing Emperor Kangxi.

Archway of Qu Yuan's hometown: built in the tenth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, outside Heyingmen in eastern Guizhou; There is the "hometown of Qu Yuan" inscribed by Guo Moruo 1965 10.25, and two giant stone tablets are erected on the right with the words "hometown of Dr. Chu Qu Yuan" and "hometown of Han and Qiang".

Lepingli Archway: Located at the entrance of Lepingli, it was built in 1983 and 65438+ 10, and contains the original book Lepingli written by South Sichuan and the Soviet Union.

Xiangluping: Also known as Quping, it is the former residence of Qu Yuan, located in Lepingli.

Quyuan's hometown: located in the middle of Xiangluping, the "Quyuan's hometown" in Geng's Jingzhou Ji and Yuan's Yidu Landscape Ji refers to this.

Reading Cave: Also known as the "Kaidong Bookstore", it is located on the bank of Gu Xiang River in Lepingli. According to legend, it is the place where Qu Yuan recited poems, hence the name "Poetry Reciting Desk".

Face mirror: located halfway up the Hufu Mountain in Leping, it is made of silver-gray keel stone. According to legend, it is the place where Qu Yuan took photos and washed in his childhood, and even a trace of dust can't escape the "well mirror".

Corn field: also known as "Qutian" and "Three Corn Mountains", located on the right side of Qu Yuan's homestead. It is said that Qu Yuan once worked here in his youth, and it is also said that Qu Yuan returned to his hometown to farm after being exiled, and managed Sanshan paddy field with humiliation.

Leigutai: Located on the west bank of Xiangguxi under Xiangluping, it is said that Qu Yuan returned to his hometown to beat drums against Qin.

Ling Niu Geng: It is a "strange thing" in Leping. It is said that after Qu Yuan borrowed the farmer's cow rope to tie the book, the buffalo and the cow stopped plowing with the cow rope, but obeyed the farmer's orders.

Dressing stone: also known as "female beard anvil", located 60 miles northeast of Qu Zhai, it is said that Qu's sister and daughter used to wash clothes for Qu Yuan.

Chu Wang Jing: Located in Guizhou Town, Zigui County, it is said that it was opened by Chu Wang Xian. The clear spring never dries up all year round, and the well water is cool and pure, and tastes like dew.

Qu Yuan

(Before 339? ~ top 278？ )

Chu people were outstanding politicians and patriotic poets at the end of the Warring States period. The name is flat and the word is original. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants. Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) people.

Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and his main activities were in the period of Chu Huaiwang. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Huang is horizontal, Chu Wang is vertical." Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted in the reform to strengthen the country, and insisted on uniting Qi with foreign countries to resist Qin, which once made Chu rich and strong. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a clique and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.

In the fifteenth year of Wang Huai (the first 304 years), from Qin to Chu, Zhang Yi bribed Shanxi merchants, Zilan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with huge sums of money, and at the same time deceived Wang Huai with "offering merchants for 600 miles", which led to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu. After being deceived, he became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. Therefore, Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to Qi State to rebuild the friendship between Qi and Chu. Once again, Zhang Yi failed to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance from Qin to Chu. In twenty-four years, Qin Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ci, and Chu was completely embraced by the State of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from the capital and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty.

Thirty years after Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache, was detained by Qin, and finally died in Qin. After Wang Xiang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was once again expelled from Ying Capital and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, and was displaced between Yuan and Xiang. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), General Qin attacked Yingdu in vain, and Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River in anger and died for his political ideal.

work

Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (1 1), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with a total of 23 articles. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. Tian Wen is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asked 172 questions to heaven continuously, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth. "Nine Songs" is a set of music songs based on folk songs to worship the gods. There are a lot of gods in the poem, most of which are love songs.

Qu Yuan's works record his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is reflected in his works, that is, "cultivating talents and empowering them, but doing things without being equal" (Li Sao). The so-called "promoting talents and empowering" means selecting truly talented people to govern the country, opposing secular affairs, and limiting the monopoly of old nobles on power, regardless of rank. He also took the historical stories of Fu Shuo, the slave, Lv Wang, the butcher and Ning Qi, the vendor, as examples to illustrate the rationality of selecting talents regardless of their status. The so-called "following the rope without being rude" means practicing the law, that is, the law is not expensive and limiting the privileges of the old nobles. Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu, and expresses his progressive demand of getting rid of bad politics. Its ultimate goal is to save the motherland from peril and make Chu embark on the road of prosperity. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups and the fatuity of Chu kings, and showed his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", insisting on moral integrity and "not regretting his death"; At the same time, it shows his determination to care about the country and the people, love the country and the people, and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, hoping that the king of Chu would repent and work hard to become the master of ZTE. He knew that being loyal to honesty and frankness would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up"; Knowing that he faced many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu. It shows his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to win glory with the sun and the moon.

Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth, preferring to die rather than surrender, and his lofty personality of "winning glory with the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation was in danger. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs together as The Book of Songs. "Feng" and "Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.

In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to the records of "Continuation of Qi and Harmony" and "Geography of Sui Shu", Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats on May 5th in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "four cultural celebrities" in the world, which was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.