Historical textual research of Chaoshan area

brief introduction

Chaoshan is located at the junction of Guangdong and Fujian along the southeast coast of China. The hipsters laugh at themselves as "the international player at the end of the province". It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and water on one side. Although there are abundant Chaoshan plains in China, the living environment is not easy, and there are often typhoons and earthquakes, such as August typhoon/KOOC-0/922, Viola typhoon/KOOC-0/969, and South Australia earthquake/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/8. These disasters have left indelible scars on this fertile hot land. Marine culture has cultivated the spirit of Chaoshan people who dare to fight hard. In addition, there are few people in history, with a total area of 10346 square kilometers and a population of 10 million. Per capita arable land is less than three points. Therefore, it has also cultivated Chaoshan people for intensive cultivation and has the reputation of "cultivating fields like embroidery". At the same time, the business culture is strong, Chapman (Chaozhou Gang) is one of the three major business gangs in ancient times. The local culture is unique and belongs to a subculture of Chinese civilization. She is a magical land with ten images, and it is also the "Zou Lu on the seashore" for the growth of talents in Qian Qian in the Song Dynasty, the "Last Eight Heroes" in the Ming Dynasty and modern times.

geography

East longitude11506 ˊ ~11720 ˊ, north latitude 22 53 ˊ ~ 2414 ˊ, east-west length16/.

The hilly area of Chaoshan Plain is located in the south of Yinna Baxiang Mountain, the middle reaches of the Han River and the valley of Fenghuang Mountain, and the border between Guangdong and Fujian from the east of Da Nan Mountain and Emei Mountain. The landform is mainly plain, followed by hills. There are three rivers in the territory: Hanjiang River, Rongjiang River and Lianjiang River, which are composed of Hanjiang Delta, Rongjiang Plain, Lianjiang Plain, Huanggang River Plain and Longjiang Plain. It borders Zhao 'an and Pinghe counties in Fujian Province in the northeast, Fengshun and dapu county in Meizhou City in the northwest, Wuhua County in Meizhou City and Luhe County in Shanwei City in the west and the South China Sea in the southeast. The coastline is long and tortuous, and there are many excellent harbors. The onshore part of the coastline starts from Dacheng Bay in Raoping County in the east and reaches Nanhai Township in Huilai County in the west, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers.

There are 76 islands, including Nanpeng and Lemen. The largest island is Nan 'ao Island, with an area of 106.85 square kilometers and a total coastline of 77 kilometers.

The total area of Chaoshan area is 10346 square kilometers, of which mountainous areas account for 50.4%, and coastal shalong and sea cliffs account for 14. 1%. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast.

history

Archaeological data confirmed that Chaoshan was inhabited by humans at least 5000 years ago. The ancestors of Chaoshan people belong to the Great Min Yue nationality. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, descendants of the Han nationality in the Central Plains moved south to Chaoshan. The Han people who entered the tide lived in harmony with the aborigines for a long time and gradually merged. Among the people living in Chaoshan, there are mainly Chaoshan people belonging to the Han nationality and a few Hakka people who are also descendants of the southern Han nationality, and the number of She people is small. What makes the world sit up and take notice is that the mountain breeze and the waves wash away the hearts of generations of hipsters. It has created a strong and elegant sentiment of thousands of hipsters in Qian Qian, Qian Qian, and the resulting hardworking, pioneering, humble and obedient hipsters have been recognized by the world. "Where there are trends, there are hipsters". Nowadays, "there is a tide in the mainland, there is a tide in the mainland, and there is a tide overseas", and generations of hipsters at home and abroad have made outstanding contributions to the progress of human society!

Chaoshan was called Chaozhou in ancient times. With the rise of Shantou in modern times and the prosperity of Shantou and Chaoshan, it was customarily called Chaoshan. Chaoshan is now divided into Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang, all of which are famous hometown of overseas Chinese. Shantou is an open port city on the southeast coast of China and one of the five special economic zones in China. Chaozhou, known as "the first city in Lingdong", is a national historical and cultural city and an open coastal tourist city. Jieyang is also the main city of eastern Guangdong, a provincial-level historical and cultural city, and has always been a material distribution center in eastern Guangdong, southern Jiangxi and western Fujian.

culture

Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Meizhou, Fengshun and A counties are connected by mountains and rivers and cultures. Chaozhou culture originated from Chaozhou ancestors, formed in Qin and Han Dynasties, developed in Tang and Song Dynasties, flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties and innovated in modern times. It is a small branch of the excellent traditional culture of Chinese nation. She has the characteristics of compatibility between Chinese and foreign cultures, and also has her own unique cultural system. It has its own eight characteristics: Chaozhou dialect (Chaoshan dialect), Chaozhou drama (Chaoshan drama), Chaozhou music, Chaozhou cuisine (Chaoshan cuisine), Kung Fu tea, Chaoshan handicrafts (such as Chaozhou embroidery, Chaozhou woodcarving and embroidery), Chaoshan folk customs (such as English songs) and Chaoshan humanities (such as Chaoshan mountain pond). These eight cultural departments are both Chaoshan and worldwide. They even have their own religion-moral education.

After 20 years of reform and opening up, Chaoshan has become a good tourist city with increasingly optimized natural and cultural heritage, economic environment, city image, social order and citizens' behavior, and matching tourism functions such as sightseeing, entertainment, business, business, shopping, culture and information, due to the integration of urban construction and tourism development in the three cities and counties (cities) under its jurisdiction.

After the 11th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (59 1), a large area of land in eastern Guangdong was placed under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou prefecture (county), which was traditionally called Chaozhou region. Generally speaking, it is chaozhou people who lives in this land and speaks Chaozhou dialect (including a few Hakkas).

The origin of "Chaoshan"

By the beginning of the 20th century, Shantou Port had gradually become a coastal town under the Chaozhou government, with prosperous industry and commerce, and rose to become a new port connecting Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai and overseas. 1904, Zhang Yunan, a native of Songkou, Meixian County, saw the great development potential here, so he set up Chaoshan Railway Co., Ltd. to build a railway from the location of Chaozhou House to Shantou Port. 1906, the Chaoshan line railway was completed, and at the same time, it was equipped with the front of the "Chaoshan" locomotive to receive the car. So there is a new term "Chaoshan".

1907 On May 22nd, Ding Wei Huanggang Uprising took place, which was an armed uprising led by Sun Yat-sen personally to overthrow the feudal dynasty of Qing Dynasty. This armed uprising is of great significance, but Nanyang Daily accused Sun Yat-sen of colluding with Chaoshan society and instigating Huanggang Uprising. The name "Chaoshan" is gradually widely known in newspapers. The land "Chaoshan" has gradually attracted the attention of the outside world. 192 1 year later, Shantou established a city hall under the leadership of the Guangdong provincial government, which became another regional highlight in eastern Guangdong after Chaozhou. The saying that this area is called "Chaoshan" was officially announced in the official text. Later, Shantou gradually grew into a new political, economic, military and cultural center in eastern Guangdong; In this way, people are used to saying things like Chaoshan Plain and Chaoshan People. However, it should be noted that overseas hipsters still like to call themselves chaozhou people, and the overseas hipster club is also called "Chaozhou Club".