Yuanqu appreciation

Yuanqu is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure house of the Chinese nation. It embodies its own uniqueness in ideological content and artistic achievements, and has become three important milestones in the history of China literature.

Yuanqu originated from the so-called Fanqu and Hulusi, and was first circulated among the people, and was called "street tune" or "village workshop minor".

With the demise of the Yuan Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in the Central Plains, it spread in the vast areas of north and south with Dadu (now Beijing) and Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) as the center.

Yuanqu has strict metrical formula, and each qupai has fixed format requirements in sentence pattern, word number, level tone and so on. However, although there is a fixed frame, it is not rigid. There are interlayers allowed in the fixed frame, and some qupai can be added with sentences. Therefore, readers can find that two songs with the same qupai sometimes have different words, which is the reason (the one with the least words in the same qupai is the standard fixed frame).

Compared with quatrains and Song Ci, it is more flexible.

Yuanqu combines traditional poetry, folk songs and dialects, forming a humorous and free-and-easy artistic style, which has a very important impact on the innovative development of Ci.

Yuanqu is another literary prosperity after Tang poetry and Song poetry, which has unique charm: on the one hand, Yuanqu inherits the beauty and grace of poetry; On the one hand, in the Yuan Dynasty, the soldiers and soldiers were placed in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine men and ten beggars", and the political monopoly and social darkness made Song Yuan radiate extremely dazzling fighting brilliance and reveal rebellious feelings; Sharp-edged pointed at the shortcomings of society, denounced the society that "not reading is the highest, illiteracy is the best, and people who are not sensible love to brag", and pointed at the world trend that "everyone is embarrassed to live, and no one can see the money". The works describing love in Yuan Qu are also more inflammatory and bold than the poems of past dynasties. All these are enough to keep its artistic charm forever.

The four representatives of China Yuan Zaju are Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Zheng Guangzu and Ma Zhiyuan.

The development of Yuanqu can be divided into three periods:

Early stage: from the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuanqu has just entered the poetry world from folk slang, with distinctive characteristics of popularization and colloquialism, boldness and frankness, and simple and natural feelings. Most of the authors are northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun and Bai Pu have the highest achievements. Such as Guan's zaju, with wonderful writing, changeable style, lively and profound poetry and crystal clear.

Mid-term: from Yuan Shizu to the first year to Yuan Shundi, and then to the first year. During this period, the creation of Yuanqu began to make a comprehensive transition to knowledge and specialization, and Sanqu became the main genre of poetry. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu, Sui, Qiao Ji and He.

Late period: from Yuan Chengzong to Zhengnian to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, Sanqu writers specialized in composing music. They pay attention to rules and rhetoric, seek jobs in art and advocate elegance, exquisiteness, elegance and beauty. Representative writers are Zhang, Xu Zaisi.

As a "literature of one generation", Yuanqu is an indispensable and precious heritage in China's ancient cultural treasure house, with rich and diverse themes, broad creative vision, vivid life, full and touching characters and easy-to-understand language.

The creation of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty can be divided into two stages: the first stage was in Dadu, and the second stage was gradually moved to Jiangnan. There are a number of writers who mainly write Sanqu, such as Zhang Kejiu, Qiao Ji, Guan Yunshi and Xu Zaisi. There are more in the later period. Although they inherited the artistic characteristics of Sanqu in the previous stage, the general trend is that Sanqu tends to be beautiful and close to Ci.

There are various styles of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, which can be roughly divided into two schools: bold school and beautiful school. Tianma School is represented by Ma Zhiyuan, and Aesthetics School is the first to promote Zhang Kejiu. Bold nature is the mainstream in the early stage, and beautiful works also have an important position. In the later period, it was mainly bold and unconstrained, supplemented by it. In the later period, even though it is different, it has the charm of Jiangnan literary tradition.

Six characteristics of Yuanqu:

1, folk songs. Yuanqu is a people's opera, which is different from the temple divine comedy and the court poetic drama. This is the art of citizens and farmers.

2. extensiveness. The theme of Yuanqu is extremely extensive, not limited to political power, aristocratic family affairs, etc., involving literati, farmers, businessmen, women and children and other life styles.

3. profound. Yuanqu profoundly and directly reflects various social contradictions, and does not cover up class contradictions and ethnic contradictions with human feelings;

4. Typical. The characters created by Yuan Qu are diverse and complex, with both typical real life and universal ideals.

5. stumbling. There are great tragedies and great comedies in Yuan Qu, which are mixed with sadness and joy and pursue a happy ending.

6. artistry. Yuanqu combines the artistic skills of singing, speaking, jumping, beating and singing, doing, reciting and beating closely, with the combination of reality and reality and both form and spirit.

Gongdiao:

Gongdiao refers to the mode of ancient music in China. The Gongdiao of the song originated from Yan Yue in Sui and Tang Dynasties, with four pipa strings as four tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao and Yu, and each string constitutes seven tones. Gong Sheng's seven tones are called "Gong", and all the others are modal, with a total of 28 Gong tones. However, in the Yuan Dynasty, only Lv Xian Palace, Lu Nan Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Gong Zheng and Dashi Diaos were commonly used.

The Gong tune of the song originated from Yan music in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The four strings of pipa are defined as Gong, Shang, Jiao and Yu, and each string constitutes seven tones. The seven tones of Gongdiao are called "Gong", and all the others are tones, making a total of 28 Gongdiao. Only Lv Xian Palace, Lu Nan Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Gong Zheng, Dashi Tune, Xiaoshi Tune, General Tune and General Tune are commonly used in Yuan Opera. Mourning music includes Shang and Yue tunes. Both sensible and easy to move. "

Each Gongdiao has a different tune, and the number of sets consists of more than two Monday Gongdiao with different tunes.

Qupai below Gongdiao

Huang Zhong

1, Drunken Flower Yin -Xi Qian Ying-Out of the Team-Windy-Simenzi-Ancient Water Fairy-Ending

2. Drunk Flowers -Xi Qian Ying-Blowing-Simenzi-Ancient Water Fairy-Ending

3. Drunk Flower Songs -Xi Qian Ying-Out of the Team-Blowing the Wind-Simenzi-Ancient Water Fairy (several episodes can be without a tail)

4. Drunk Flowers -Xi Qian Ying-Out of the queue-What article-Blowing strong winds-Simenzi-Ancient Water Fairy

5. Drunk Flowers-Out of the Team-What article End

the Queen

1, correct and kind-rolling the ball-Ruo Scholar-rolling the ball-Sai Qiu Hong-undressing-Xiaoliangzhou-Drunk and peaceful-Javert

2, correct and kind-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-blunt bone-tail.

3, correct-rolling hydrangea-if the scholar-rolling hydrangea-if the scholar-talking about the preface-taking off the shirt-Xiaoliangzhou-tail.

4, correct-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-rolling hydrangea-take off your shirt-Xiaoliangzhou-Yao Zhang-two (evil)-one (evil)-tail.

5, correct-rolling hydrangea-thoughtful-rolling hydrangea-thoughtful-Sai Qiu Hong-teasing children (borrowing as usual)-four-three-two-tail.

6, correct-rolling hydrangea-if the scholar-rolling hydrangea-blunt bone flower-if the scholar-drunk Taiping-take off your shirt-what article-two-one-wagging your tail

7, correct-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-playing with children-playing four tails

8, correct-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-take off your shirt-Xiaoliangzhou-Yao Zhang-drunk Taiping-talk about preface-Javert

9, correct-rolling a ball-if a scholar-rolling a ball-taking off his shirt-Xiaoliangzhou-Yao Zhang-Javert

10, correct-rolling hydrangea-Ruo Scholar-Drunk Taiping-Javert

165438+

12, correct and good-rolling hydrangea-Ruo scholar-taking off his coat-Xiaoliangzhou-Javert

13, correct and kind-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-asking for instructions-taking off his shirt-drunk and peaceful-Javert.

14, straighten up-roll hydrangea-take off your coat-get drunk-Javert.

15, correct and good-rolling hydrangea-stripping shirt-Xiaoliangzhou-pills-sand tail

16, straighten the rolled hydrangea-Javert

17, correct and good-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-rolling hydrangea-Javert

18, correct and good-rolling hydrangea-silly bones blossom-if a scholar-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-rolling hydrangea-Javert

19, correct and good-rolling hydrangea-ruoshi-rolling hydrangea-talking about order-rolling hydrangea-stupid flower-Javert.

20, correct-rolling hydrangea-if a scholar-take off your shirt-drunk Taiping-tail.

lucien buonaparte

65438+

2, a little red lips-mixed dragon generals-oil gourd-happy in the world-drunk in heaven-Jin Zhaner-ending.

3, a little red lips-mixed dragon generals-oil gourd-happy in the world-parasitic grass-earning evil spirit

4, a touch of crimson lips-mixed dragon generals-oil gourd-music in the world-Jin Zhaner-ending

5, a little red lips-mixed dragon generals-oil gourd-happy in the world-drunk in the sky-* * * flowers-green boy-ending

6. Pink Lip-Mixed Dragon-Parasitic Grass-Jin Zhaner-* * * Flowers

7, a little red lips-mixed dragon generals-oil gourd-human pleasures-magpies stepping on branches-Na Yiling-parasitic grass-what article?

8. Touch the crimson lips —— Mix the river dragon —— Oil hyacinth —— Enjoy in the world —— Naling —— Magpie stepping on branches —— parasitic grass —— What article ——end

9. Red lips-mixed dragon generals-oil gourd-world music-end

10, Diancrimson Lip-Mixed River Dragon-Water Cucumber-World Music-Parasitic Grass-Ending

1 1, Shang Huashi-End

12, Shang Huashi-Yao Zhang-drunken Zhongtian-Jin Zhaner-destination.

13, Shang Huashi-what-over.

14, Shang Huashi-make a profit

15, Shang Huashi-what article-earning evil spirit

16, Shang Huashi-Yao Pian-Jin Zhaner-Drunk Zhongtian-Earn Evil.

17, touch the crimson lips-mixed dragon generals-oil gourd-human pleasures-magpies stepping on branches-earning evil spirits

18, touch the crimson lips-mixed river dragon-oil gourd-happy in the world-Naling-parasitic grass-earning evil spirit

19, touch the crimson lips-mixing the river dragon-water hyacinth-human pleasure-Naling-magpie stepping on branches-parasitic grass-what article-* * * flower-green boy-earning evil spirit

20, faint crimson lips-mixed dragon generals-drunk Zhongtian-oil gourd-happy in the world-Shang Huashi-Jin Zhaner-earn evil spirit.

Lu Nan

1, a flower-the seventh in Liangzhou-scolding Yu Lang-thanking the emperor-picking tea songs-ending (with Zhenggong)

2, a flower-Liangzhou seventh-ending

3. A flower-the seventh in Liangzhou-scolding Yu Lang-remembering the emperor-picking tea songs (the last three songs are actually a song without ending).

4. A flower-scolding Yu Lang-thanking the emperor-picking tea songs-what articles-every tail.

5. Liangzhou No.71flower-ending

6. A flower-scolding Yu Lang-thanking the emperor-picking tea songs,

7. A flower-the seventh in Liangzhou-each tail-scolding Yu Lang-thanking the emperor-picking tea songs-ending

8, a flower-Liangzhou seventh-each tail-end

9. A flower-the seventh in Liangzhou-each tail-scolding-thanking the emperor-Yao-picking tea songs-ending

10, a flower-Liangzhou seventh-scold Yu Lang-end

Lv Zhong

1, Butterfly-Drunk-Welcome Fairy-Hong Xiuxie-December-Yao Folk Songs-Playing with Children-Going to Xiaolou-Playing with Children-Ending (with Zhenggong)

2. Pink Butterfly-Drunk-Greeting Xianke-Bringing Yao Folk Songs in December-Ending

3. Pink Butterfly-Drunk-Greeting Xianke-Hong Xiuxie-December-Yao Folk Songs-Playing with Children-Ending

4. Pink Butterfly-Drunk Spring Breeze-Welcome Xianke-Hong Xiuxie-Man Fang Ting-Play with Children -End

5. Pink Butterfly-Drunk-,-Pu Tianle-Shang Xiaolou-What article-Yao folk songs in December.

6. Pink Butterfly-Drunk Spring Breeze-Hong Xiuxie-Going to Xiao Lou-Playing with Children-End

7. Pink Butterfly-Drunk Spring Breeze-Hong Xiuxie-Man Fang Ting-Shang Xiaolou-Ending

8. Pink Butterfly-Drunk Spring Breeze-Hong Xiuxie-Playing with Children-End

9. Pink Butterfly-Drunk-Putianle-December-Yao Folk Songs-Playing with Children-End

10, butterfly-drunk-December-Yao folk songs -End

1 1, butterfly drunk spring breeze-putianle

12, Liang Shanbo-Drunk-Hong Xiuxie-Putianle-December-Yao Folk Songs -End

13, Pink Butterfly-Drunk-Greeting Xianke-Going to Xiaolou-Yao Pian-Man-December-Yao Folk Songs-Ending

14, Butterfly-Drunk-Go-Yao-Xiaoliangzhou-Yao (Borrowed)-Man-December-Yao Folk Songs-End

15, Butterfly-Drunk Spring Breeze-Welcome Xianke-ManFang Ting

Negotiate (sb's) transfer.

1, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-vinegar gourd-pills-Wu Ye Erlang Li Laisha

2, Ji Xianbin-what article-Jin Juxiang-Lang (that is, Lang Sha)-Lang Sha

3. Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Wu Ye II-* * Flower (borrowed from Lu Xian)-Shuangyan-Vinegar Gourd-What article-What article-Langlai Lisa.

4, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-vinegar gourd-Lang Li Lai Sha

5, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-vinegar gourd-* * * flowers-green boy (borrowing Lu Xian)-Lang Lai Lisa

6. Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-Wu Ye II-* * * Flower-Qingge (borrowed from Lu Xian)-Langlai Lisa.

7. Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-Wu Ye II-Vinegar Gourd-* * Flower-Green Brother (to borrow Lu Xian)-Langlai Lisa.

8. Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-Vinegar Gourd-What article-Lang Lai Lisa

9. Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Yao Zhang-Yao Zhang-Lang Lilaisha

10, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyaole-vinegar gourd-pills-pills-Langli Laisha

1 1, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-Vinegar Gourd-Wu Ye II-Vinegar Gourd-What article-* * Flower-Double Goose-Langlai Riding.

12, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-vinegar gourd-Lang Li Lai Sha

13, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Vinegar Gourd-Wu Ye Er-* * * Flower-Shuangyan-Vinegar Gourd-Waves come and go.

14, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Vinegar Gourd-Yao Pian-Wu Ye II-* * * Flowers-Youth in Green-Langlai Riding.

15, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyaole-Wu Ye II-Jin Juxiang-vinegar gourd-Langli Laisha

16, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-vinegar gourd-pills-Langli Laisha

17, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Jin Juxiang-vinegar gourd-pills-pills-II-* * * flowers-Qingge-Langsha.

18, Ji Xianbin-Yao Pian-Jin Juxiang-Lang Lilai Javert

19, Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Vinegar Gourd-Yao Pian-Wu Ye II-* * * Flowers-Youth in Green-Waves come and go.

20. Ji Xianbin-Xiaoyao Le-Kumquat fragrance-vinegar gourd-pills-pills-pills-pills-Wu Ye II

Yuediao

1, quail-purple inflorescence-pink powder-teasing sequence-bald brother-holy drug king-ending

2. Battle Quail-Purple Flower Foreword-Little Pink-Jin Jiaoye-End

3, quail-purple inflorescence-little pink-Tianjingsha-ending

4, quail-purple inflorescence-little pink-Tianjingsha-teasing sequence-ending

5, war quail-purple inflorescence-teasing sequence-bald guy-holy medicine king -end

6, quail-purple inflorescence-teasing sequence-little pink-Tianjingsha-ending

7, war quail-purple inflorescence-Jin Jiaoye-teasing sequence-bald guy-holy medicine king -end

8, war quail-purple inflorescence-Jin Jiaoye-teasing-bald girl-little pink-holy medicine king -end

9. Battle Quail-Purple Inflorescence-Jin Jiaoye-Pink -end

10, war quail-purple inflorescence-bald guy -end

1 1, Battle Quail-Purple Inflorescence-Bald Brother-Holy Medicine King-Ending

12, quail-purple inflorescence-baldness-pink-Tianjingsha-ending

13, quail-purple inflorescence-Tianjingsha-ending

14, quail-purple inflorescence-chapter-tail

15, fighting quail-Jin Jiaoye-patio sand-pink-ending

16, Zhanquail-Jin Jiaoye-Douling-Bald Man-Shengyaowang -end

17, quail hunting-teasing-skinhead-holy medicine king

18, fighting quail-xiaofen-drunken Zhongtian (borrowed from Lv Xian)-Tianjingsha -The End

19, Zhanquail-Purple Inflorescence-Douxu-Little Pink-Jin Jiaoye-Tianjingsha-Tuxier-Shengyaowang -End

20, war quail-purple inflorescence-little pink -end

diplophonia

1, new water order-listening to horses-falling geese-winning order-sweet water order-folding laurel order-narcissus-lingering sound (ending with Yue tune or yellow bell, sometimes without lingering sound, ending with path).

2, the new water order-listen to the horse-Joe Pyle-geese fall-victory order-water fairy-lingering sound

3, the new water order-listen to the horse-Joe Pyle-intoxicated with the east wind-sweet water order-laurel order-the same evil spirit (the same as Huang Zhongwei)

4, the new water order-listen to the horse-Joe Pyle-falling plum wind-falling geese-winning order-lingering sound

5. Sailing at night-intoxicated with the east wind-What article-lingering sound

6. Nocturnal boat-Bu Bujiao-wind in pine forest-intoxicated with the east wind-lingering sound.

7, the new water order-listen to the horse-geese fall-victory order-sweet water order-laurel order-lingering sound

8, the new water order-listen to the horse-wild goose-winning order-folding laurel order-lingering sound

9, the new water order-listen to the horse-Joe Pyle-geese fall-victory order-sweet water order-Guilin order-lingering sound.

10, New Water Order-Listening to the horse-Joe Pyle-Drunk Dongfeng-Sweet Water Order-Laurel Order-Aftersound

1 1, New Water Order-Listening to Ma-Qiao Paier-Plum Falling Wind-Wild Goose-Victory Order-Echo

12, New Water Order-Mazhuting-Luomeifeng-Bu Bujiao-Sweet Water Order

13, New Water Order —— Joe Pyle —— Yan —— Victory Order —— Sweet Water Order —— Qingge (Borrowing Xianlu) —— laurel-daffodils —— lingering sound

14, Nocturnal Boat-Joe Pyle-Wild Goose-Victory Order-Drunk East Wind-Aftersound

15, New Water Order-Nocturnal Boat-Wild Goose Fall-Victory Order-Mei Luofeng-Sweet Water Order-Laurel-Water Fairy.

Seeking adoption is a satisfactory answer.