What was Francois Rabelais's life like?

Francois Rabelais (1495? ~1553) was the most important humanist writer in France during the European Renaissance. He was born in a lawyer's family in Chinon, Tours, central France. He was educated by monks in his early years and studied ancient Greek literature and philosophy in the monastery.

Soon, he corresponded with Biday, traveled around France, and discussed problems with humanists scattered around the country. During his study tour, he was widely close to the people and increased his understanding of society. He has studied mathematics, medicine, archaeology, astronomy and plants.

after p>153, he practiced medicine in Lyon, and was one of the earliest doctors who studied anatomy in France. He not only tried to relieve the pain of patients in medicine, but also wrote some stories for their amusement. This is how his literary creation began.

Five novels, Biography of the Giant, were published one after another after 1532, and were banned by the University of Paris and the court. rabelais took refuge in Italian and French towns.

The hero in the first part of The Legend of the Giant is КаΥан Duya, the son of King Grangujie. He was born talking and drank the milk of more than 17, cows. His clothes were made of more than 12, feet of cloth. This exaggerated description is to show that human strength is enormous.

Duya, КаΥан, was initially poisoned by the Confucian classics education in the Middle Ages, and later he was rescued by humanistic education. He traveled to Paris and got exercise in real life. At this time, his country was invaded by neighboring king Bishop, and he led Brother John and others to repel the enemy. After the war, he set up the Delanmei Monastery to reward his eager contribution.

The hero of the second film is КаΥан Duya's son, Giant Gu 'ai. He was educated in humanism from the beginning. Three generations of giants, grandparents and grandchildren, are better educated and happier each generation, which reflects the author's idea of human progress.

Part 3 devotes a lot of space to discussing whether Baruch wants to get married, where the author exposes and laughs at religious superstitions. Then the giant Gu 'ai, Brother John and Baruch set out to look for the "Aquarius of God" all over the world. The fourth and fifth parts write about countless appalling things they encountered during their travels.

Chapter 5 to Chapter 8 of Part 4 is one of the most wonderful stories in the book, which is full of folk tales. The satire in the fifth part is sharper than that in the previous four parts, and it makes a fierce attack on the church forces that violate nature and oppose science and the feudal justice that harms the people. After walking through many places, the huge Gu 'ai and his party finally found the "Aquarius of God". "Aquarius" gave them the answer: "Drink." The author means to teach people to absorb human knowledge, so as to arm themselves.

in the preface to the fifth part of the Biography of the Giant, rabelais talked about who he wrote for. He vividly said that he "wanted to serve masons and cook for them." The giant in the novel has long existed in French folk creation. Grangujie is a figure in a folk joke in the 15th century. The name of КаΥан Duya has already been circulated in folk stories. Huge Gu 'ai once appeared in mysterious dramas in the Middle Ages. He is alert and likes practical jokes. The Legend of the Giant is interspersed with some folk stories, praising the kind quality of working people and praising their courage and wisdom.

rabelais's giant thought runs through the whole work and is reflected in the images of three giants. They eat too much and enjoy themselves. The author affirms their hedonic outlook on life in an appreciative tone, which is a mockery of monasticism and asceticism. On the other hand, he endowed some good qualities to his ideal giant.

Grangujie loves peace and people. When his country was invaded by the enemy, his first thought was not his ruling position, but the interests of the people. КаΥан Duya is disrespectful to the church, Notre Dame de Paris is a symbol of the authority of the church, but КаΥан Duya took its big clock down from the bell tower as a bell, which made the theologians at the University of Paris panic and make a mess.

He pointed out that the church is a place full of troubles, and monastic life is against nature. He advocates that people develop freely and are not bound by religious dogma. Huge Gu 'ai embodies the curiosity and creative spirit of the Renaissance. He traveled and ventured to explore the secrets of the universe and seek truth.

Although the images of these three giants are absurd on the surface, and even make people feel incredible, in fact, the author portrays them as symbols of human strength. In the 16th century, the emerging bourgeoisie realized that the liberation of human power was the first problem to liberate the productive forces that had been bound by feudal system for hundreds of years. КаΥан Duya and Huge Gu 'ai are knowledgeable people and ideal figures of humanist rabelais.

If the image of the giant is mainly expressed by romanticism, there are more realistic elements in the image of Ba Ruqi. He is a type of character produced when France transited from feudal society to capitalist society. He exploited in a cunning way to seek personal interests. He borrowed money from the people and said all the good things. When the money arrived, the people would never expect him to pay his debts. He sometimes suffers losses, but he will get revenge. The sheep merchant died in his hands because he had sinned against him. However, rabelais sympathized with this typical bourgeois figure, saying that he was "the best boy in the world". He was humorous in cunning and very optimistic. He also played a role in the elimination of harmful demons and evil giants by huge Gu 'e and others.

rabelais had a deep understanding of monks and exposed their parasitism and decay, but he also created the ideal image of Brother John, who was born in a lower class of monks. When the monastery was looted, the abbot and other monks were in a panic. "Sing hymns and pray to resist the enemy, and pray for peace with beautiful words." Brother John immediately took up arms and fought against the enemy. He is honest and kind-hearted. Although his language is rough, he is straightforward and amiable.

The main feature of Biography of the Giant is its exposure. The author thinks that religious superstition hinders the development of society. The theologians of Paris University want to rule the spiritual world, and they become the object of rabelais's ridicule. He pointed out the idealistic essence of the scholasticism of the University of Paris, and satirized the queen of the kingdom of Anderleich for taking the "five elements" of abstraction, essence, shape, concept and imagination as her main food. He exposed the reactionary Vatican, saying it was a "threat to the world".

He angrily attacked feudal justice. Elvis Presley in a fur robe is a very disgusting and terrible beast, and right and wrong are unknown, and right and wrong are indistinguishable. Their laws are like cobwebs, which catch small flies and butterflies and dare not provoke big cattle and flies. They hang a big open pocket on their bodies to accept bribes. Rabelais inherited the tradition of French medieval urban literature and had a great influence on later satirical literature.

The Deremei Monastery described in The Legend of the Giant embodies the author's social ideal. In this monastery, the relationship between people is not cheating, but trusting each other. Both men and women can enter the monastery at any time or quit at any time. They are not bound by any religious rules. "They can get married aboveboard, and everyone can get rich and live freely." There is only one rule in the monastery: "Do what you want." The social principles advertised by rabelais reflected the requirements of bourgeois personality liberation in the Renaissance.

rabelais believes that the liberation of human power should be achieved through education. Therefore, education plays an important role in Biography of the Giant. Rabelais emphasized that physical exercise should be included in education. He criticized the medieval scholastic education for suffocating "human nature", put forward a new humanistic education plan, and advocated making people develop in an all-round way and cultivating them into "all-knowing and all-powerful people", that is, people who met the needs of the bourgeoisie at that time. He particularly emphasized the role of knowledge, thinking that as long as human beings master science and become giants in knowledge, they will have the power to fight against the dark forces and create a bright and happy world for human beings.

The Legend of the Giant has no strict structure. There is still a certain context to be found in the first and second parts, and the story develops around the experiences of КаΥан Duya and the giant Gu 'e. The last three films only extend the story indefinitely with the clue of the huge travel adventures of Egypt and others. The author uses this structural form to expose the darkness and evil of feudal society in a broad background.

rabelais pays special attention to the description of characters, but there are inconsistencies. Huge Gu 'ai was still a burly giant in the third film, but after the third film, he seemed like an ordinary person. The language of Biography of the Giant is creative, sometimes magnificent, passionate, sometimes solemn and eloquent, but there are also some paragraphs that are vulgar and rude.

rabelais uses a lot of languages from all walks of life, which shows that he is also familiar with the jargon of the lower classes. He often uses several words with similar meanings in succession to describe an action or express a concept. This is a manifestation of rabelais's exaggeration, and it also shows that French in the 16th century has not been fixed.