In the first season, life is like jade, jade is like life.

Jade has seven virtues: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, virtue, expressiveness, benevolence in Leshan, the meaning of lotte, the master of joy, the wise man in the water, the believer in the earth, the sage in joy, and the meritorious person in joy, all enjoy jade;

The beauty of jade, its luster, moistens all things and moistens all directions; Jade is a stone with the essence of heaven and earth, bearing the vicissitudes of hundreds of millions of years. It is petrified jade, beautiful from the inside out but not flattering, warm in the hand, and a gentleman is like jade.

Jade craftsmen have their own characteristics, and each piece of jade is unique; Guoyu Hotan is divided into four main colors: white, yellow, blue and black, commonly known as the Four Gentlemen of Hotan. They are as white as sheep fat, as yellow as chicken oil, as green as Elaeagnus angustifolia and as black as thick ink, all of which have aesthetic feeling. As the descendants of Chinese civilization, it is only a matter of time before the heart of loving and appreciating jade has infiltrated into the bone marrow and melted into the blood, and life is like jade.

Gu Yu's light spirit said that jade is dusty, wet or dry, jade is loose and permeable, and it changes color due to infiltration, and the color is heavy and shiny. After a long time, it becomes angry, strong and rhyming. Honest, restrained and moist is the soul of qi and the exudation of ancient jade. It gathers the aura of nature, and when it is brewed by time, it will be treasured for a long time. Although jade is strong, it must be smooth and graceful, so the charm of phosgene appears from the inside out, peaceful and unobtrusive. Years are dry and glorious, and the sea is nirvana after a long drought, which is regarded as the light of ripe jade.

The purpose of tracing the source of ancient jade is to observe the jade quality, workmanship, work marks, sand marks, ooze marks, Qin color, patina and phosgene, collect these intuitive marks from the surface of ancient jade, which are collectively called representation analysis, and then analyze the rationality of the times through logical reasoning. This is a complete appraisal process of ancient jade.

Zhao Yan Qingfeng's column "Searching for Ancient Jade"-The article has depth.

Identify the five directions of ancient jade (material, workmanship, grain, piano and light), support each other, and explore the vicissitudes of ancient jade through microscopic traces.

Cognitive article: glazed light, commonly known as phosgene, is divided into two periods (Warring States and Han Dynasties and Ming and Qing Dynasties). Due to the difference of polishing technology and age, the characteristics of glazed light in Warring States and Han Dynasty are soft, moist, thick and restrained. The characteristics of glazed light in Ming and Qing dynasties: crystal clear and shallow. The molecular structure of glass light is the crystal of oxide layer formed by calcium carbonate after years of contact between soil and jade. The older you get, the thicker and warmer you get.

Cognitive article: Original soil, commonly known as soil-wrapped pulp, is a general term for antique pits and objects. Divided into wet and dry environments, the slurry layer is shallow and lacks oiliness, and the jade layer is dry, shrinking and deformed, which is not as deep as the wet environment and bright in color. It can be roughly divided into blood infiltration, bronze infiltration, mercury infiltration and lime infiltration. The so-called blood infiltration is formed by the infiltration of iron ore into the cracks of jade. Bronze ooze is blue-green, mainly surrounded by bronzes in puddle environment; Mercury ooze is caused by mercury, which is an ancient preservative. Although extremely toxic, it has good corrosion resistance. Mercury ooze is dark black, and its effect varies with time. Mercury oozes into chalcedony for more than 2000 years, and the structure of black bone is like jet, which has been jadeite and mineralized, so it is harmless to wear at body temperature. Lime ooze, as its name implies, is a gray-white dry ooze layer with a rough surface. These are common primitive dirty soft mud layers, which are mainly caused by the effect of ground pressure and temperature and humidity on jade articles.

There are eight kinds of patina: rice crust, calcification, windowing, lime ooze, huangxiangqin, jade shrinkage, ground bend and ice crack.

The following is the formation cycle of ooze patina (source data)

1, patches of mercury ooze, this ancient jade is at least 1300 years old;

2, Tiehong Qin, this ancient jade will have brown-red patches, with a history of thousands of years;

3, bloody, these ancient jade have purple or purple spots, which should be more than 700 years old;

4. Zhusha Qin, if the texture of ancient jade is smashed into light brown red, it must have a history of at least 1800 years;

5, rice bran, porridge and other objects stick, this ancient jade rice bran is loose for 600 years and dense in 2000;

6, jade shrinkage, more than 600 years will be formed, serious for thousands of years;

7. The golden harp, often accompanied by linear depressions, has a history of 1500 years;

8, black lacquer ancient, this ancient jade with depressions is at least 1600 years old;

9. Tuqin is made of red or yellow soil, so it is khaki or khaki, which has a history of biting ancient jade for thousands of years;

10, yellow celery, with yellow color like aromatherapy or roasting, should have a history of 1500 years;

1 1, open the window, it is full, but you can still see the original appearance of ancient jade, which has a history of 1800 years;

12, sesame spot, sesame-like spot on ancient jade, soaked for at least 1500 years;

13, ice crack, commonly known as "kai", is at least 1900 years old, just like ice crack;

14, cow hair grain, cow hair arranged in a certain direction, at least 800 years old;

15, full leather color, skin soaked, interior not completely soaked. This ancient jade has a history of 1300 years;

16, lime mud, if it is soaked seriously, the interior of ancient jade will turn reddish brown. This ancient jade has a history of 1000 years. If it reaches the white color of bone, it is 1500 years old;

17, mercury ooze, it won't be dark in a thousand years, it won't be bright in two thousand years, and it will be dark, thick and bright in more than two thousand years;

18, depression, this ancient jade has a history of at least 600 years, and the longer the age, the deeper the depression, and sometimes there will be depressions in the unpainted parts;

19, full-color Qin, with bordeaux or old-fashioned red, these ancient jade are at least 1500 years old;

20. Xu Genqin, this ancient jade has a history of more than 2,000 years.

The above characteristics are some basic cognitive conditions for distinguishing ancient jade.

The scorching sun in July can't stop my thirst for knowledge. The trip to Shoubo gave me a deeper understanding of Chinese jade culture. In no particular order, you should learn it sooner or later, and you should learn it as a personal creation. I skimmed through thousands of books. Fortunately, I have a cognitive basis for jade for more than ten years. From geological structure to texture structure, the cognitive gap between new jade and ancient jade is getting smaller and smaller, which is nothing more than different phosgene, different processing methods and different design styles. Waiting through time and space is your only thing compared with an ancient jade. The reappearance of appearance does not mean indifference to the vicissitudes of time, and the traces of time are irreplaceable. Compared with you, it is just one of the owners it once had in its journey of existence. The same hobby is the only lasting link between time and space. The national attributes of loving and appreciating jade are integrated into the blood, and people who advocate virtue have the same love for jade. When it comes to love jade, first of all, we must talk about Qianlong, the ancestor who played jade. Qianlong loves jade and is famous all over the world. He controlled Hotan, set up the capital, took power from the official and controlled the Jade Road. When it comes to the appreciation of jade, we find that all the ancient jade that Emperor Qianlong loved was wrapped in pulp. It is said that the cultural appreciation of Emperor Qianlong directly influenced the Renaissance in Europe.

Gan Long Ai Yu He (Taipei Gong Bo)

The ancient jade culture developed rapidly in Qianlong period, and gradually formed a complete jade culture system from royal to folk, and many imitation workshops appeared, imitating ancient jade from the aspects of material selection, design, cutting and piano color. The so-called "dry workers" are the products of that era. Manchu nobles are the main force of ancient jade consumption. This pursuit of antiquity lasted for hundreds of years. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the children of the Eight Banners changed from buyers to sellers because of the broken capital chain, and the unattainable state of ancient jade turned for the better. This phenomenon of peaks and valleys is the eternal realism of nature. Things are cold and warm, and things are indifferent. As the saying goes, man is better than jade, and man is also the spirit of all things in the world. As time goes by, jade changes from new to old. After vicissitudes of life, I feel the oppression of natural external forces. Although I was black and blue, I was smooth as jade. Therefore, the mountains are full of jade and the vegetation is flourishing. People are like jade, so they moisten things silently. Life is like jade, which is the essence of the excellent quality of the Chinese nation.

Zhao Yan Qing Feng's Miscellaneous Talks on Searching for Luos —— the column "Searching for Ancient Jade" —— has a profound article.

The palm of your hand is full of national jade, and life only loves eight edges.