The advantages and disadvantages of urbanization

Reasonable urbanization can improve the environment, for example, by leveling the land, building water conservancy facilities, greening the environment and other measures, so that the environment can be transformed into a direction conducive to improving people's living standards and promoting social development, and the pressure of human activities on the environment can be reduced.

As the economic center of regional development, it can promote regional economic development, and the improvement of regional economic level can promote the development of cities; Promote the change of production mode, settlement mode, lifestyle and values.

1, population transition

Cities can create more employment opportunities and absorb a large number of rural surplus population. The labor force gradually shifts from the primary industry to the secondary industry, the tertiary industry and the fourth industry.

2. Industrial adjustment

The process of urbanization can effectively promote the development of rural areas and help improve the regional industrial structure.

3. Industrial development

Urbanization helps to improve the efficiency of industrial production, and industrialization gives sustained impetus to urbanization.

4. Scientific and technological progress

With the progress of science and technology and the advancement of informatization, modern big cities have become the main scientific and technological innovation bases and information exchange centers. So as to improve the overall development level of the region.

5. Cultural exchange

The extensive diffusion and infiltration of urban culture into rural areas has affected the production and lifestyle of rural areas (self-sufficient natural economy) and improved the openness of rural areas. Conducive to the communication between urban and rural areas, narrowing the gap between urban and rural development.

6, the driving force of development

There are only two driving forces to promote the development of urbanization, one is thrust and the other is tension. Push is the factor that leads people to leave the countryside, while pull is the factor that attracts people to the city.

Motivation, such as the intensification of the contradiction between man and land, frequent natural disasters, low income, poor living standards, and shortage of social service resources. Larry has many employment opportunities, rich social service resources, convenient transportation and complete cultural facilities. ?

Second, the disadvantages of urbanization:

1, biosphere

Reduce biodiversity

2. Lithosphere

As a result, the cultivated land area is reduced, soil pollution and land subsidence are caused.

3. Atmosphere

Air pollution. Intensify the heat island effect and greenhouse effect

4, hydrosphere

Infiltration decreases and surface runoff increases; Water quality deterioration; Shortage of water resources; acid rain

Step 5 transport

be stuck in a traffic jam

6. House

Housing tension

Step 7 hire

Employment difficulties

8. Social order

Social disorder (high crime rate)

9. Moral atmosphere

The moral atmosphere is declining.

10, social security

The pressure of social security is increasing rapidly, and the social security gap is difficult to fill.

1 1, economic impact

As the land price rises, so does the cost.

12, food problem

A large number of farmers have left the original cultivated land, and the problem of abandoned land is becoming more and more serious. China's grain import rate has gradually increased, which makes the food security problem of China, a populous country, hidden, which is not conducive to China's national development and political stability.

13, big city disease

The diseases in big cities in China are quite serious now. Problems such as traffic congestion, shortage of resources, and decline in the quality of life of urban residents are plaguing the progress of the city. The pace of construction and transformation of big cities in China has been accelerated, and urban circles have begun to appear in some parts of China, and many mega-cities have also begun to build "satellite cities", hoping to solve many big city diseases.

14, transformation of urban functions

The urbanization process in developed countries can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage is characterized by "centralization" and the second stage by "decentralization". As a result, "metropolitan circle" or "urban agglomeration" and "urban belt" centered on big cities have developed rapidly.

In some developed areas of China, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, there has been a trend of the affluent class migrating from cities to suburbs, that is to say, it has entered the second stage of urbanization: "suburbanization stage". The development of "city circle" and "satellite city" needs to pay attention to the transformation and coordinated development of urban functions and surrounding suburban functions.

The process of urbanization is the process of continuous modernization, and central cities should constantly improve the scale, layout and function of "urban belt" and "regional economy". The continuous evolution of urban functions is the premise of the good development of central cities, and it is also the basis for solving the diseases in big cities and promoting the stable and healthy development of surrounding areas.

Extended data:

Various aspects of urbanization:

1, travel

"Urbanization" is "people's urbanization" and people-oriented urbanization. It can be said that "urbanization" is not the same as "industrialization", and the "non-industrialization" urbanization mode oriented by tourism is a very important and worth popularizing.

First of all, we should firmly grasp the general direction of ecological civilization construction, take "green development, circular development and low-carbon development" as the leading principle to realize urbanization, guide urbanization construction to take the "beautiful" road, and make "beautiful China" a livable, business-friendly and business-friendly China.

Secondly, we should persist in protecting and inheriting local culture, maintain and strengthen local individuality, take cultural shaping as the driving force of local social and economic development, and simultaneously enhance local soft power and hard power through cultural construction.

Thirdly, it is necessary to plan and organize the industrial format, take the tourism-oriented urbanization development model, advocate the "non-industrialization" new urbanization road, and take tourism, cultural and creative industries, modern service industries and other modern new real economies as the main body.

Build a new industrial pattern characterized by "people flow drives logistics and capital flow", and create better, higher and more quality economic and social development achievements than traditional formats with innovative formats.

Finally, efforts should be made to improve the economic contribution rate and social contribution rate of tourism, so that it can become the pillar and leading industry supporting local economic development with high contribution rate, and at the same time give play to the advantages of tourism in attracting a large number of employees and accommodating a wide range of employment.

Make it a basic industry that carries local employment, and make tourism make a real contribution to promoting local economic development, absorbing local employment, improving people's livelihood and improving people's quality of life.

The intervention of tourism can solve the industrial problems in the process of urbanization, and who will invest in infrastructure, farmers' welfare and urban construction in the process of urbanization. When the problems of industrial layout and development are solved, the problems of investment and development will be fundamentally solved. In other words, tourism is used to drive the development of other industries.

2. People's urbanization

The central government has repeatedly stated that urbanization is the greatest potential for China to expand domestic demand. Under the market background of urbanization trend, all localities are keen on the approval of new districts and new cities, and some new districts and sub-centers are planned in large quantities. It is expected that there will be large-scale new cities in the future.

First, adjust and reform the performance evaluation indicators of local governments, weaken the traditional extensive economic-oriented indicators such as GDP, and strengthen some new intensive economic evaluation indicators.

Secondly, from the perspective of regulation, it is the basis of avoiding real estate speculation to stabilize macroeconomic development expectations through a long-term regulation mechanism. Form a relatively stable macroeconomic development expectation and real estate market development environment, so as to avoid real estate speculation and speculative market behavior, and prevent the phenomenon of "empty city" caused by overheated investment in the real estate market.

Third, real estate no longer relies on the road of "policy city" to stimulate regional planning and the development of real estate market, but according to the needs of regional industrial layout, the coordinated development of city, capital, industry and population is gradually carried out in the process of urbanization.

Fourth, to develop a new industrial city, we must give priority to industry and achieve "integration of production and city".

Baidu encyclopedia-urbanization