Modify the article.

Good manuscripts are all revised. After the article is drafted, it must be carefully revised.

Throughout the ages, great attention has been paid to the revision of articles. In the article "Remembering Marx", Laferger said: "Marx will never publish a work without his careful processing and pondering. He can't stand the idea of making unfinished things public. " Comrade Mao Zedong talked about his views on revising the article: "After the article is written, you should not read it several times. Just like looking in the mirror after washing your face, you can just publish it casually. The result is' writing a thousand words, digressing Wan Li', which seems to be a genius, but it actually hurts people everywhere. " Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote down his works and posted them on the wall. He kept reading and revising them because he said he wouldn't make the article perfect. Fear of being born. "Mr. Lu Xun once said:" It is not a pity to read it at least twice after writing and try to delete unnecessary words, sentences and paragraphs. "These teachings are saying that for the sake of readers and future generations, the article should be changed better and better. The manuscript of the first article is just a blank. Only after careful carving can it become a beautiful "product". Official documents and office application documents are important tools for handling official business and should be revised repeatedly. 1.

Revision is a kind of thinking activity and behavior process of reviewing, scrutinizing, adjusting, verifying, deleting, supplementing and finalizing the first draft.

The first draft can be roughly divided into embryonic draft and final draft.

The so-called "embryonic first draft" is to write your own ideas according to the outline, which is usually called "draft". It has many big "diseases", which need to be modified "major surgery", and sometimes it even needs to be completely reinvented. The reason is either that one's understanding level is not in line with the leadership intention, or that one's writing level is far from one's will.

The so-called "final draft" means that the handling, arrangement and expression of the writing efforts of the article materials have been basically finalized, and there is no need for "major surgery", only the existing omissions and poor expression need to be scrutinized, revised and supplemented.

The degree of revision is suitable for people and people. Everything depends on the difficulty and level of writing. The revision of the article actually reflects the deepening and improvement of the author's understanding in the field of thinking. All writing masters attach great importance to revision. Zheng Xie, a writer and painter in Qing Dynasty, said in Preface to Ci Qian: "In order to write, we must do our best to achieve one", which is the truth. "Very hard" refers to the thinking activity in the revision stage, and "seeking one is right" refers to the perfect situation that writing thinking strives to achieve. 2.

Main points of revision

The revision of official documents is carefully scrutinized from five aspects: theme, viewpoint, material, structure and language.

Whether the viewpoint is correct: when revising the article, we should pay attention to whether the basic viewpoint of the manuscript conforms to the objective law. If it is one-sided or absolute, it must be corrected.

Whether the theme is clear: a document must have a very clear purpose before it is written. To explain and solve any problems, we must make it clear. To test whether the theme is clear, we must first see whether the manuscript has grasped the key question and made a clear answer to the key question, and whether the whole text revolves around this key question. This is a big problem. If the manuscript has any problems in this respect, it must be revised comprehensively and seriously. Secondly, we should pay attention to the fact that an official document can only have one center, and we can't write everything together and try to solve all the problems together, which will delay the solution of the main problems. Therefore, if we find such problems, we should delete the redundant ones and insist on working hard only on the main problems. Third, we should pay attention to whether the selected materials can explain the problem. If the material doesn't meet the theme, it will make jokes and greatly weaken the persuasiveness of the article. Therefore, the selected materials should be typical, otherwise they must be replaced. There are key issues, sufficient explanatory materials, sufficient scientific analysis and argumentation, the integration of viewpoints and materials, the close connection between materials and examples and viewpoints, full argumentation, clear viewpoints and well-founded.

Whether the materials are reliable: the materials in the official document must be conclusive, the official document is not a novel, and the materials must completely conform to the actual situation. Because the material in the official document is the key to the survival of the viewpoint, if the material is untrue, the viewpoint will be untenable and the manuscript will be erased. Therefore, the authenticity and accuracy of the materials must be reviewed before writing the manuscript, and they must be reviewed repeatedly after writing, otherwise the writing will be wonderful and the official document will not be convincing and authoritative.

Whether the structure is clear: pay attention to whether the document format is correct and complete when modifying the document. Whether the different characteristics of various languages are accurately grasped and reflected in the text. In addition, it is necessary to check whether the level of official documents is clear. Whether it conforms to the thinking habits of most people; Whether the links between paragraphs are close; Whether the head and tail are taken care of; Whether the transition is natural; If there is any duplication or deviation from the center of the full text, if there are any structural problems above, they must be corrected one by one.

Whether the language is accurate, concise and fluent: the language of official documents must be accurate first, and ambiguous official documents make people feel at a loss. Therefore, ambiguous concepts are found in the revision, and those that are prone to ambiguity must be revised. For example, "dismissal" does not contain derogatory writing, but contains derogatory meaning. For example, quantifiers in official documents should be accurate. If the thickness of the tree is written as "the mouth of the bowl is thick" or "the two hugs are thick", it will not work. Must be written as a tree of several years old, according to the scientific calculation of tree rings. The restrictions on language use should be clear, such as "Students' Union must support students' demands" and "demands" should be limited to "reasonable demands". Secondly, the language of official documents should be appropriate. If we find that the tone, formulation and feeling of languages in various languages are inappropriate, we must modify the inappropriate languages. The language of official documents should be concise, not fashionable, not abusing modifiers, and pay attention to writing. When using special nouns, times, places, names and numbers, we should pay attention to norms and not use abbreviations indiscriminately. For example, "Fada" and "Minda" should be used in official documents, but "China University of Political Science and Law" and "Central University for Nationalities" should be used. "Municipal People's Congress" and "CPPCC" also apply to "Beijing Municipal People's Congress" and "Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference". The expression of time must be in the form of "year × month × day", "morning × point × minute", "afternoon × point × minute" or "day × point" in 24 hours a day. 3.

Modification method

(1) reading and modifying methods

The method of reading aloud and correcting is reading aloud or silently, thinking while reading, and correcting any semantic inconsistency at will. This is an experience of self-transfer. It has the functions of hearing and vision. The faults in the article are sometimes not easy to find with the eyes. As soon as you read it, the awkward place will appear immediately. In the article Talking with Teachers about Writing, Ye Shengtao emphasized the importance of reading aloud to revise the article. He said, "Revising manuscripts requires not only reading, but also reading. Just put the whole manuscript orally ... if you look at it all the way, you will naturally find the negligence. The next sentence is out of breath, the latter paragraph is not closely connected with the previous paragraph, the coordination between words is wrong, and the composition of the sentence is more or less. Such faults can be found. At the same time, it is easy to find out how to say, to be close, to be right, no more, no less. These findings are the methods of revision. " Lu Xun attached great importance to the reading reform law and used it frequently. He wrote in the article "How do I start a novel": "After I finish writing, I always have to read it twice. If I feel awkward, I will add or delete a few words to ensure smooth reading. " Official documents are practical and widely used. They should always be read smoothly and clearly, otherwise, the work efficiency will be affected.

(2) Temporary methods

Shelf method means that after writing the first draft, you don't modify it immediately, but put it aside temporarily and modify it later. Once the manuscript is finished, the author's thoughts and feelings are often still in a state of excitement, and his thoughts are still on the original basis. At this time, he is busy writing and revising, and it is difficult to find problems. In the process of letting go, the author can further think about what he has written, and his intelligence has been adjusted and improved by time. Because this method can transfer the author's excitement and make him calm down, at this time, after checking and reviewing the first draft, the problems will be gradually discovered and it will be easy to correct. Tang Biao in Qing Dynasty said in Reading Composition Spectrum: "When he first made it, he couldn't see his own defects ... If he had known, he wouldn't have written it. So, you can see it at that time. Change it, and then change it. Otherwise, put it aside. If it is a few months late, it will be easy to take a look and easy to change. " When introducing Nikolai Gogol's experience in revising the article in How to Write by Nikolai Nikolai Gogol, Wan Lei Sayef said: "... Then, after a month, two months, and sometimes even longer, you can take out what you have written and read it again: you will find many mistakes, many redundancies, and many unaccomplished places ... You can pick it up, read it again and use it. How long will it last? Of course, it depends on the time requirement for posting and the internal capacity and length of the document.

Tang Biao in Qing Dynasty said, "There is a way to make your writing go further. If you can't do the article well once, you will win if you do it again a few months later. If you don't reply well, you will be awarded the title again in a few months, and you will win. Cover composition is like attacking jade. Today, if you attack one layer of stone, you will see a little jade. Tomorrow, if you attack another layer of stone, you will see more jade. If you attack again, all the stones will be exhausted. The same is true of composition. Only by changing the old text and rewriting the old questions can we further our studies. "

(3) Help methods

The way to ask for help is to show your first draft to others and let them revise it. His own articles, thoughts and expressions have been stereotyped, and he is often in a state of "obsessed with authority" and it is difficult to break through; If you let someone else help you revise it, it will be "clear to the onlookers" and it will be easy to find new problems. Xu Chi's reportage In the Turbulent Vortex was revised with the help of Cang Kejia. Xu Chi wrote this article three times, but the longer he wrote it, the less successful he became. Finally, he put it down and went to Yunnan. Later, Cang Kejia learned about his writing, pointed out that his writing was "too rough", and chose Fang Bao's Zuo Anecdote and another article for him to read. With the help of Zang Lao, Xu Chi made great changes and re-conceived the manuscript. As a result, Zhou Peiyuan's life was well reflected in just over 7,000 words, indicating that listening to others' opinions with an open mind in the revision can increase knowledge, develop intelligence and improve the level. 4.

Improved technology

Increase. Where the content in the text is not comprehensive and sufficient, and the text is omitted, it should be supplemented, such as adding ideas, materials, words, charts and punctuation marks.

Delete: Any superfluous content and words in the text should be deleted, such as deleting ideas, paragraphs, materials and words. If it is not clear, delete it.

Correction: All words that are incorrect, imprecise and inappropriate should be corrected. There are major changes, medium changes and minor changes. The major reform is a one-time major operation of the article, changing the genre, changing the structure and rewriting; Change, add or delete materials, change patterns, add or delete some contents and words; Small changes are just "minor repairs" in the article. Generally speaking, it is mainly to temper words, polish language, check words, modify sick sentences and change punctuation marks.