What did the famous Japanese gendarmerie do during World War II?

Gendarmerie is a special unit or service set up by many countries in the military. The task of the gendarmerie is generally not t

What did the famous Japanese gendarmerie do during World War II?

Gendarmerie is a special unit or service set up by many countries in the military. The task of the gendarmerie is generally not to directly fight the enemy, but to maintain the military capacity and discipline and restrain the behavior of soldiers, similar to the gendarmerie. The military police who guard the capital, defend important military parts and government agencies, escort military supplies and interrogate prisoners of war are usually called national military police.

In most countries, the local police have no jurisdiction over military crimes, and these affairs are handled by the gendarmerie. In a special period, crimes against civilians (usually involving political or military crimes) also fall within the purview of the gendarmerie, so the gendarmerie is a special military force with the nature of judicial police.

During the period of Japanese militarism, the power of Japanese military police was relatively large. The Gendarmerie Order issued by Japan in 1899 stipulates: "Gendarmerie is one of the Army Corps, under the jurisdiction of the Minister of the Army, and is responsible for military security and discipline maintenance, as well as the operation of the judicial police." Because the Japanese gendarmerie is also in charge of the judicial police business, as long as it involves the elimination of dissidents, the gendarmerie is "duty-bound." For example, after 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake, Japanese leftist thinker Daguang was killed by Japanese gendarmes. In the Japanese-occupied areas of World War II, the military police acted as a militaristic eagle dog to hunt down and suppress anti-Japanese elements.

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan began to learn from the West in an all-round way, including the military system. However, at first, it did not learn from Germany, but from France, which is known as the first in continental Europe. The Japanese army copied the French model in all aspects, even the style of military uniforms. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese army wore French military uniforms and held French rifles. At that time, there was already a gendarmerie organization within the Japanese army.

The Japanese gendarmerie was built in 188 1 earlier. In the early days of its establishment, the task of the gendarmerie was only to check the military discipline and rectify the military discipline. Since the Gendarmerie was directly subordinate to the Minister of the Army, it did not manage the Japanese navy from the beginning until the end of World War II when Japan surrendered. Because the Japanese army and navy have been fighting in secret, they don't give in to each other, and even the styles of military uniforms are quite different. Finally, there is a strange phenomenon. Army tanks are not used by the navy, and naval planes are built by the army.

Later, due to the change of the situation, the gendarmerie played the role of administrative police and judicial police. It is said to be an army, but it performs the function of a policeman, and it is said to be a policeman, but its sequence in the army is somewhat different from that of a soldier and a policeman. The direct commander of the Japanese gendarmerie is the rank of lieutenant general. Before the outbreak of World War II, the Japanese Gendarmerie was a normal disciplined force. 1935, tojo hideki was appointed as the military police commander of the Kwantung Army. At that time, the Kwantung Army had only over 300 gendarmes. After tojo hideki took office, it immediately expanded to more than 5,000 people. Of course, such a huge team did not rectify military discipline, but began to manage public security. According to tojo hideki's logic, those regular Japanese legions are used to fight against the enemy, and the gendarmerie is responsible for maintaining local security. Thus, the Japanese gendarmerie launched a notorious search, elimination and suppression of various criminal activities of anti-Japanese and anti-war activists.

Gendarmerie is very arrogant at home and abroad. After the Japanese gendarmerie gradually became a tool to maintain local public security, the first thing to do was to collect intelligence and arrest anti-Japanese armed forces. Once the situation is discovered, the gendarmerie will immediately arrest it. In case of large-scale armed forces, the gendarmerie will ask the regular wing for support, because the gendarmerie has no heavy weapons. The chief military police officer of a region is usually the chief executive of the region. The people in the occupied area hate the gendarmerie. Those Japanese soldiers who passed by in the battle robbed the most along the way, but the gendarmerie often hurt local resistance organizations and ordinary people. All kinds of atrocities are endless. At first, the gendarmerie was a force to rectify military discipline, and later its own discipline was rotten.

After tojo hideki became Japanese Prime Minister, China also implemented the military police system. In other words, the Japanese had a hard time at that time, and the gendarmerie often searched houses, collected intelligence and searched for anti-war people. In addition, the gendarmerie will also check the diet of the people. Once it is found that eating fish and meat exceeds the wartime quota, the family will be arrested immediately. Due to the shortage of domestic materials in Japan at that time, it was difficult for the Japanese troops at the front to supply, so Japan implemented the rationing system.

In real history, the military police uniforms are completely different from ordinary Japanese troops, which can be seen almost at a glance. As Japan and Germany were allies at that time, Germany introduced a whole set of fascist systems such as secret police and SS, and the Japanese completely copied them. However, the main executive body of Japanese military discipline is the gendarmerie. At the end of the war, the gendarmerie began to have privileges similar to those of the German Gestapo. Because of many privileges, when the Japanese emperor decided to surrender, the gendarmerie was one of the most unwilling institutions to surrender. Finally, due to the inviolability of the sacred orders, all arms of the Japanese army laid down their weapons one after another. After the Americans landed in Japan, the once evil gendarmerie did not disband because they were not familiar with the situation in Japan. Become a paramilitary organization that assists the US military in managing local affairs in Japan. It was not until the American army thought it had gained a firm foothold that the Japanese gendarmerie withdrew from the historical stage.

Gendarmerie is a branch of the army, and there are gendarmes in the military establishment of most western countries. What do gendarmes do? 1. Gendarmerie is a policeman in the army. Supervise military discipline and enforce military laws, which belong to law enforcement and discipline arms and do not participate in front-line operations. Second, another task of the Japanese gendarmerie was to maintain local public order and cooperate with the police and the Secret Service to carry out secret secret service tasks. At that time, there was a name of "Jing Xian Te". In a word, during the Japanese invasion of China, the Japanese gendarmerie was the executioner to suppress the people of China.

Let Hashimoto answer the Japanese question.

The Japanese Gendarmerie, according to its mission, is a special force under the jurisdiction of the Japanese Army Minister, serving as the Gendarmerie, Administrative Police and Judicial Police.

Japanese military police first appeared in 188 1, based on the French military police. At that time, the gendarmerie usually called the police. Later, it was renamed the gendarmerie. The purpose of the establishment is to curb Japan's freedom and civil rights movement and crack down on the opposition in the police force.

The gendarmerie is also an armed police. Compared with ordinary police, it can be suppressed by force, and it can be suppressed by military means when encountering resistance. Therefore, the places used by the gendarmerie are all major cases. At the beginning, the gendarmerie also played a role in rectifying military discipline. However, by the end of the war, the military discipline of the general lower-level gendarmerie was lax, and it was difficult to correctly exercise the power of the judicial police, resulting in many unjust cases.

Moreover, during the Sino-Korean War, many members of the Gendarmerie were required to use casual clothes to perform tasks and conduct investigations in disguise. Even many gendarmes in China put on Japanese clothes to complete their tasks, which caused a very bad influence in the local area. However, when writing the history of military police after the war, many people's meetings were held by Japanese military police disguised as China people for secret investigation and intelligence gathering, and few people directly participated in the fighting, and the military police stationed in China did not directly participate in the armed fighting.

First, monitor the Japanese army to prevent the spread of anti-war ideas in the Japanese army. Anyone who is disloyal to the emperor will be assassinated.

Second, assist Japanese 73 1 troops to capture Northeast compatriots, Koreans and Russians in northeast China for human experiments.

3. Monitor the Chinese puppet troops, prevent them from surrendering and transmitting information, and have the command.

4. Monitor people in Japan, and arrest and execute anti-war elements such as Japanese pro-Americans as soon as they are found.

The Japanese Gendarmerie was commanded by a Japanese prince, who also took part in leading the Nanjing Massacre, 7.31human experiments, bacteriological and biochemical weapons and various massacres. He is a bigger war criminal than tojo hideki. However, this war criminal successfully escaped the Tokyo trial with the Japanese emperor by bribing MacArthur, which was a great irresponsibility of MacArthur to his allies and a great dereliction of duty of the Truman Administration in the United States in making reasonable demands on China's allies.

During World War II, the Japanese military police were demonic to the people of the occupied country. They not only kill people who dare to resist in the occupied areas crazily and cruelly, but also show no mercy to their own people.

For their daily picket work, many people think that the picket nature of the Japanese gendarmerie is the same as ours in online articles or comments, but it is actually far from so simple. Take the Kwantung Army Qiqihar Gendarmerie as an example. Since the Second Division of the Kwantung Army captured Qiqihar, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province, on 10/9319, more than 30 officers and men, including Enjiro Shaozuo and Qiu Xiaoguan, were transferred from the Second Division to form the Qiqihar Gendarmerie. During the 14-year occupation, the 2nd Division, 14th Division, 16th Division and 1st Division were rotated successively. However, from the beginning of its establishment to the defeat and surrender, only the number of gendarmes was increasing, and officers were being mobilized, but they did not move with the Second Division. It is not difficult to see from this point that the Japanese Gendarmerie is directly under the jurisdiction of the Gendarmerie Command of the Kwantung Army, which is completely different from the local garrison.

Our pickets are all pickets set up in various military regions or garrison areas, or they belong to their own military regions.

Because the Japanese military police have supreme rights such as administrative power and judicial power, they mainly monitor the ideological trends within their own troops in addition to daily supervision of military discipline. For example, after the mutiny in Japan on February 26, the military police of the puppet Manchukuo immediately began to take action. They used secret inspection of private letters and other means to strictly inspect and monitor officers of various units of the Kwantung Army. Among the 16 divisions stationed in Qiqihar at that time, 24 imperial young officers were arrested. After Tian Shaozuo of Qiqihar Gendarmerie Detachment personally participated in the trial, these imperial radical officers were handed over to the Kwantung Army.

There are also two soldiers of fortune, Shishang and Onoguchi, who are stationed in Ma and Qi. Before joining the army, he was a rogue with six or seven criminal records. Because they often provoke constant fighting among soldiers in the dark, their squadron is on pins and needles. Cao Cao, a military police officer in Qicheng, made an in-depth investigation, formed written materials, transferred them to the Military Advocate General's Office and sentenced them to 20 years' imprisonment. Five soldiers who were encouraged by them to stab people with daggers,

While monitoring their own troops, the Japanese military police are always monitoring the anti-Qing and anti-Japanese activities of officials and people at all levels of the puppet Manchukuo, as well as preventing espionage and strengthening border control. Therefore, the gendarmerie is superior to the local judiciary.

For example, in September of 194 1 2000, Qitai Company, which was composed of a special search team of the pseudo-police department of Heilongjiang Province, set up a private prison on charges of banditry, specifically kidnapping rich and powerful China people, and then forced their families to pay insurance money. It was not until the translation of Fang Xiongcaochang, a military police hut in Qi City, was blackmailed and the relatives of the people were waiting for comfort that they stirred up a hornet's nest. Later, Tsukiya Cao arrested more than 20 people, including the chief of the provincial police department of Qitai Company, the assistant sheriff, the assistant sheriff of Ayabe, the assistant sheriff of Inoue, the assistant sheriff of Youzhi, the judicial chief, the sergeant of Inoue and the sergeant of Otsuka, on charges of extortion and sabotage of mainland policies. After extorting confessions by torture, seven senior Japanese police officers and more than a dozen China police officers were sentenced to seven years' imprisonment.

During the handling of this police officer extortion case, Staff Sergeant Kawai, the special director of the Gendarmerie of Qi City, died in prison for accepting a coat worth 20 yuan from the staff sergeant privately. In addition, whenever the Japanese military police arrest China people, Kenbu, who was born in China and acted as a bridge between the military police and the families of the arrested people, often took the opportunity to accept bribes, in order to make an example of them.

In the early 1930s, Japanese soldiers were divided into first-class soldiers, first-class soldiers and second-class soldiers. Once they passed the examination and were hired as gendarmes, they would all be transferred to the rank of first-class soldiers.

. The original allowance for Private 7 yuan and Private First Class was 10 yuan, and since then it has become a monthly salary of 49.9 yuan plus 23 yuan battlefield allowance. However, after the salary is paid, 15 yuan's meals and all military uniforms, coats and boots will be deducted every month. Will start to pay for themselves, unlike some people who say that after the Pacific War, they started to pay for themselves because the situation was very serious.

Let's take a look at the description of the Japanese gendarmerie in the West: Japanese gendarmes maintain a very strong public security force, and they are rarely regarded as field troops except for launching counter-espionage attacks. The prominent role of the Japanese gendarmerie is also to maintain public order in concentration camps. They are not hindered by the military control law and enjoy the power of heavy punishment or even death penalty. A Japanese military police officer integrates public security investigation, inspection, trial, jury and executioner. When dealing with the allegations made by the gendarmerie, the defendant may not ask for leniency or get legal aid. The Japanese Gendarmerie was established in 188 1 1.4, which was ordered by Emperor Meiji at the State Council. There were only 349 people at the beginning. Article 1 of the Japanese Gendarmerie Regulations states, "Gendarmerie, as the representative of military discipline, is responsible for the inspection and report of military discipline within the army and supervising the daily behavior of soldiers. He is also an administrative police and a judicial police. He is also affiliated to the three departments of internal affairs, justice and navy. " Although the position of the gendarmerie is not high, it has great power in the army. They should not only maintain the order of the army, but also control the people and strengthen the ideological examination and control of soldiers and people. Military police can be divided into imperial military police and military military military police. Imperial edicts and gendarmes are mainly responsible for domestic security. Military orders and gendarmes are directly subordinate to the commander of the sending army, and are mainly responsible for Japanese spy organizations, eliminating local spy networks and guerrilla operations, and reviewing and reporting internal personnel of the army. During the period of 1898-1945, with the crazy development of Japanese military forces, the gendarmerie established a huge power network in Japan, and followed the footsteps of the colonial expansion of the Japanese empire, which also extended the power of the Japanese gendarmerie to Japanese occupied areas all over the world. 1904 During the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese Gendarmerie Command was attached to the Gendarmerie of the Manchurian Dispatch Army. 1906, the Kanto Gendarmerie was established under the Japanese Gendarmerie Command. 193 1 year was upgraded to the Kanto Gendarmerie Command, with four gendarmerie brigades under its jurisdiction, namely, Lushun, Fengtian, Changchun and Dandong, with combat readiness, police academy, economics class, cycling team and so on. The gendarmerie has developed a large number of special agents to collect local military, political and economic information and suppress the anti-Japanese activities of the people in the occupied areas. The people in the occupied areas themselves hate the Japanese gendarmerie. The Japanese are also afraid of the Japanese gendarmerie. Military police can search people's homes and monitor people's living conditions. Due to the shortage of domestic materials in Japan during the war, the national rationing system was implemented. Once someone in the family is found to have a big fish and meat, they will be arrested and severely punished for violating the rationing system. Gendarmerie has a high position in the Japanese army, which can be seen from the salary level alone. The monthly income of the gendarmerie is 100 yen, while that of the first-class soldier is only 6 yen, and the income of the local respected primary school principal is not as high as that of the gendarmerie. Therefore, once you become a gendarmerie, you will be awesome.

The Japanese Gendarmerie is actually a policeman in the army, under the direct jurisdiction of the Minister of the Army. 188 1 When it was first established, it was mainly to maintain military discipline. Before and after World War II, its authority was further expanded and all dissidents were eliminated. It conducts semi-civilian and semi-military surveillance of all land. In the Japanese-occupied areas during World War II, the gendarmerie was the main force to hunt down and suppress anti-Japanese elements.

The authority of the Japanese gendarmerie is much higher than that of other Japanese troops at the same level, so the selection is also very strict. The minimum educational requirement for recruiting gendarmes in Japan is to graduate from primary school, pass written tests, physical fitness tests, and even have requirements for height, weight and appearance. In addition to regular military training, military police also need to learn various military regulations and policing techniques, as well as spy knowledge during World War II.

It is precisely because of the strict selection and difficult training that there were only 30,000 gendarmes in Japan during the whole World War II, which was really too few compared with the 78 million Japanese troops. In the occupied area, even the military police under the division often have only 100 people. Even some unimportant places just hang a sign of the gendarmerie. There are only a dozen real gendarmes. Once they carry out the task, they will directly mobilize the local garrison.

What matches YEATION is the high-standard treatment of Japanese gendarmerie. The income of an ordinary gendarme can reach five or six times that of an army soldier. Everyone is equipped with a saber and a southern pistol and dressed like a Japanese officer.

The red dust in a glass of wine.

Qianqiudi Ye Yi pot tea

Jin ge ma tie what's going on in the world

Comment on thousands of years of history.

Hello, everyone, I am a writer of literature and history. Let me answer this question.

In recent years, the popularity of domestic anti-war dramas has given people a certain understanding of the Japanese army during World War II. Especially in many film and television dramas, military police often appear, feeling that military police are a very powerful force. It seems to be an all-powerful force with great power. It can do anything to enforce military discipline, maintain public order, arrest enemies, interrogate prisoners and even carry out combat missions. In fact, you don't have to take the plot in the TV series so seriously. Tv drama is just an artistic expression, and its plot setting must be based on history, but for the sake of ratings, it is inevitable to mix some exaggerated elements in the plot. In reality, the Japanese gendarmerie does not have that much power. So what kind of power does the real Japanese gendarmerie have? What kind of army is it? Let me introduce you!

The original Japanese gendarmerie was just a disciplined force. The rise of Japan began with the Meiji Restoration. During this period, Japan learned from the west in all fields, especially in the construction of military system. Most people think that Japanese military science is Germany, but in fact, Japan first studied France, once known as the "first military force in the European continent." The Japanese army first completely copied the French model, from weapons and equipment to military uniforms, exactly the same as the French army. And set up the gendarmerie, the Japanese gendarmerie was established in 188 1 year. At the beginning of its establishment, the gendarmerie was not given too much power by its founders or executors. It is only a disciplined force that controls the army and is responsible for checking the military discipline of the army and rectifying the military regulations and style of work of the army. It is worth mentioning that from the establishment of the Japanese navy to the end of World War II, the gendarmerie was unable to control it. The reason is that the Japanese army and navy are sworn enemies, they don't like each other, and neither of them will obey anyone. Not only are the colors and styles of military uniforms different, but they also intrigue and check each other in battle. There is even a strange phenomenon that the tanks of the army are not used by the navy, but the aircraft of the navy are made by the army.

With the development of the international and domestic situation and the need of military operations, the Japanese gendarmerie gradually assumed the functions of the police. Often perform some tasks of administrative police and judicial police and maintain public order. From this time on, the nature of the gendarmerie is a bit different from that of the police. In the order of Japanese officers, the military police commander is only a lieutenant general and cannot be ranked at the highest level of the Japanese army. But strictly speaking, before the outbreak of World War II, the Japanese Gendarmerie was only a disciplined force. However, in 1935, after the infamous tojo hideki became the military police commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, he expanded the number of military police from more than 300 to more than 5,000, and formally gave him the power to manage local public security. In tojo hideki's view, the military police's duty should not be limited to discipline, but should be used to deal with each other's regular army. As a result, the gendarmerie became infamous.

After being given the authority to maintain local public order, the arrogant and overbearing Japanese gendarmerie began to frantically search for anti-Japanese militants. In the process of searching, it is inevitable to do some bad things, such as rummaging through everything, stealing chickens and dogs, and looting property. Therefore, the suffering people hate it when they mention the gendarmerie. Originally, the gendarmerie was the first unit to clean up military discipline, but now it has become the unit with the worst military discipline. This is a joke. Not only in foreign occupied areas, but also in Japan, because of the huge consumption of war, the Japanese people's lives are very difficult. In addition to many anti-war voices, due to the lack of materials, Japan implemented a rationing system. Therefore, the domestic gendarmerie is responsible for searching for those who oppose the war and strictly controlling people's lives. Some people will be arrested for drinking and eating meat.

In real history, the uniforms of Japanese gendarmerie and regular army are completely different. In the system evolution of the gendarmerie in the later period, the system of German secret police and SS was studied, and the gendarmerie was given more and more power. This is why the Japanese gendarmerie was the last person to lay down their arms after the Japanese emperor announced his unconditional surrender, because they enjoyed too many privileges besides fighting the enemy's regular army. However, with the explosion of two atomic bombs and the pressure of the situation, we finally had to lay down our weapons. Later, after the US military landed in Japan, because it was a stranger, it continued to rely on the gendarmerie to manage and maintain local public security. The gendarmerie has not been dissolved, but has become an organization that helps the US military manage local affairs. It was not until the American army gained a firm foothold that the gendarmerie slowly withdrew from the historical stage.

Maintain public safety in wartime and occupied areas.

The Japanese Gendarmerie was founded at the end of19th century and is the elite force of Japanese Gendarmerie. At first, he was only in charge of military discipline. After tojo hideki came to power, he became a member of the security team. From the original supervision of the army to the maintenance of local public security.

The wartime secret service is an indispensable existence in every country. The Kuomintang has a military bureau, Germany has the Gestapo, and the gendarmerie is a Japanese spy to a certain extent. They can force young people to join the army, they can also train spies, and they also carry out anti-espionage activities.

In fact, the Japanese gendarmerie is notorious both at home and in the occupied areas. During World War II, Japan practiced rationing, but anyone caught eating fish and meat would be arrested immediately. Moreover, they often extort irrelevant people in Japan under the guise of looking for anti-war people.

In the occupied areas, they are local strongmen. The Japanese United passed by once, and at most, it was a goose plucking. However, as a permanent force, the Japanese gendarmerie is not only responsible for "maintaining" local public order, but also often takes the opportunity to rob people's homes on the grounds of searching for anti-Japanese elements.

After Japan's unconditional surrender, the gendarmerie became the most unwilling part. Because they had many privileges in wartime, they certainly don't want to be suddenly cancelled now. When the U.S. military set foot in Japan, the gendarmerie also served as the task of assisting the U.S. military for a long time. It was not until the United States "mastered" Japan that the gendarmerie was gradually banned.

Criminal activities of Japanese military police;

Internally, as a gendarme,

Manage the Japanese army by military law,

Maintain the legitimacy of fascism!

So as to ensure the fighting capacity of the Japanese aggressors!

Maintain fascist rule abroad!

Cruel suppression of anti-Japanese and national salvation!

In addition, collect all kinds of information!

The ferocious Japanese gendarmerie,

Is the representative of Japanese fascism!