What are the roughages for cattle?

Cattle feed is divided into coarse feed and fine feed.

Coarse feed: corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, peanut straw, weeds, pasture, distiller's grains and bean curd residue.

Concentrate: corn flour, soybean meal, bran,

Feed stores sell additive feed, mineral feed and premix.

What is roughage for cattle?

What is roughage for cattle?

In beef cattle breeding, grasses with high crude fiber content, agricultural and sideline products (including harvested crop stalks, pods, shells, vines, vines and seedlings) and dried old leaves are generally called roughage.

Fantesch has relevant knowledge.

What are the roughages for beef cattle fattening?

Cattle eat too much roughage, and all kinds of crop straws, grasses, leftovers from liquor (refined) factories, starch factories, food factories and grasses can be used as roughage for cattle.

How much concentrate and roughage do beef cattle usually feed?

Concentrate includes: corn flour, bran, soybean meal, premix, trace elements, salt, bone meal, etc. The daily feed intake of beef cattle concentrate accounts for 1% of beef cattle's weight, and the daily feed intake of 500 kg cattle is about 5 kg, 1, 000 kg cattle is about 10 kg, which can meet the growth speed and nutrition of beef cattle.

How many tons of coarse grains does A Niu eat a year?

Profit and cost of raising cattle: cattle themselves are herbivores, and now more and more people choose to raise cattle and sheep to get rich. The average cost of raising cattle a day is about 7-8 yuan. Including utilities, buying a calf is about 2000 yuan, and raising and selling can sell for more than 7000 yuan. Excluding the cost, the average profit of a cow is about 2000 yuan. 1. Beef Cattle Farm 1 Construction: each cowshed is 60m long, 10m wide, middle aisle 1.5m, and double-sided cowshed is 60cm wide, 75cm high and 25cm deep. The spacing between each cow is 1.2m, and the ground slope is 15 degrees.

This 600-square-meter cowshed can feed 100 cows. According to the latest price in 2007, it costs 30,000 yuan to build a simple cowshed.

2. Land for beef cattle house construction (per 100 cattle)

1: It needs to be 30m long, 8m wide and 4.5m high. * * * 240m2 forage shed, which requires good ventilation.

2. The required funds are about 1 ten thousand yuan.

Third: measure the cesspool.

Every hundred cows1:1-1.5 mu.

Cow dung can be used to make biogas and grow mushrooms and other fungi.

Four: the cost of entering the cow

1: Short-term fattening: If 500-600 kg calves are fed, they will be fed for 4-5 months. 2500-3000 yuan per cow. (Better quality cattle)

2. Long-term fattening: If 300-400 kg calves are fed for 6-7 months. Each cow 1400-2000 yuan. (Cattle with good quality and comparative price)

Five: beef cattle feed analysis

1: roughage requires 6- 10 kg of hay per cow every day. Fresh grass 10- 18 kg will reduce the number of calves. The daily cost of each cow is about 1 yuan.

2. Concentrate 100 kg, that is, 500 kg of concentrate is counted as 5 kg twice a day in Niu Yi. An 800-kg Niu Yi counts 8 kg of concentrate twice a day.

3. The concentrate ratio is 60% corn flour, 25% bran, 15% cotton bean cake or rapeseed cake and 5% bean cake. A catty of concentrate is expected to be around 0.6 yuan.

4. Every 30 cows use salt 1 kg every day. If distiller's grains are used, a small amount of baking soda and yeast powder should be added.

Six: labor, water and electricity

Every 100 cattle needs 2 keepers, 1 manager. The monthly salary is about 600 yuan per person. Hydropower is suitable for local conditions.

Seven: market analysis

1: At present, the weight price of live cattle hair above 1000 kg is around 5.3 yuan/kg. According to the market situation, it will rise steadily and will not decline in 3-5 years.

VIII: Overview

1: It takes 250,000-300,000 yuan to fatten each cow in short term.

2. Long-term fattening of every 100 cows requires an investment of 6.5438+0.4 million-0.2 million yuan.

To sum up, 100 cows need 250,000-300,000 yuan for short-term fattening, and 654.38 million yuan for feed, labor and utilities. A total of 350,000-400,000.

The growth situation reached1000-1150kg, calculated by 5-5.3 yuan/kg, totaling more than 550,000 yuan. In other words, the net profit exceeds 6,543,800 yuan+0.5 million yuan.

When do cows eat concentrated feed and roughage?

According to different beef cattle breeds and different slaughter weights, the amount of feed needed is also different. 300 kg of high-quality beef fry raised by Sino-German animal husbandry in Shandong Province can be slaughtered for one year, and the slaughter weight can reach 1600 kg, with an average of 28 kg of coarse feed and 8 kg of concentrated feed per day.

What kinds of coarse grains are there?

First of all, hay

Forage (or turquoise feed crop) is a feed product that is mowed before seed setting and then dried naturally or artificially, mainly including leguminous hay, gramineous hay and wild hay. At present, in addition to wild hay, hay widely used in large-scale dairy farm production is mainly Leymus chinensis and alfalfa hay produced in the north, the former belongs to Gramineae and the latter belongs to Leguminosae.

1. Cultivate forage and hay

In the agricultural and pastoral areas of China, the cultivated grassland has reached 4 million to 5 million hectares. Due to the different natural environmental conditions such as climate and soil, there are nearly 50 kinds or varieties of forage grass mainly cultivated in various places. There are mainly alfalfa, sweet clover, astragalus adsurgens, sainfoin, Leymus chinensis and elymus sibiricus in the three northern regions. The Yangtze River basin is mainly white clover and ryegrass, and the subtropical region of South China is mainly Stylosanthes, Lycopodium, Welsh onion and so on. Hay prepared from these cultivated grasses has good quality, high yield and strong palatability, and is the main feed component necessary for livestock and poultry all the year round.

The nutritional value of cultivating forage grass to make hay mainly depends on the type of raw forage grass, cutting time and making method. Generally speaking, the nutritional value of leguminous hay is better than that of gramineous hay, especially the former is rich in protein and calcium, and its protein content is generally between 15%-24%, but their energy values are similar, and the digestible energy content is generally around 2.3 million calories and kilograms. The nutritional value of artificially dried high-quality green hay, especially leguminous green hay, is very high, close to concentrate feed. The digestible crude protein content can reach more than 13%, and the digestible energy can reach 3.0 megacalories/kg. Hay dried in the sun is rich in vitamin D2, which is an important source of vitamin D for animals, but other vitamins are seriously damaged by sunlight. In addition, the loss of nutrients in hay varies greatly with different drying methods. For example, the natural air-dried hay on the ground loses more nutrients, and the loss in protein is as high as 37%. However, the loss of vitamins and protein in artificially dried high-quality hay is less, and the loss of protein is only about 10%, and it is rich in β-carotene.

Wild hay is hay collected and prepared in natural grassland or roadside and wasteland. Due to the different ecological environment, vegetation types, forage species and harvesting modulation methods, the quality of wild hay varies greatly. Generally speaking, the quality of wild hay is worse than that of cultivated hay. Leymus chinensis produced in the northeast and eastern Inner Mongolia, if harvested in the first half of August, will not rain during the drying process, and its quality is good, with crude protein content of 6% ~ 8%. However, wild (miscellaneous) hay collected by farmers in southern China often contains more mud and sand, and its nutritional value is similar to that of straw. Wild hay is an essential forage for herdsmen in pastoral areas, especially in northern areas in winter and spring.

Second, straw.

Straw feed refers to the residual by-products of crop seeds after maturity and harvest, that is, straw and dead leaves. The annual output of various straws in China is about 500-600 million tons, of which about 50% is used as fuel and fertilizer, about 30% is used as feed, and the other 20% is used for others, many of which are burned in the field during the harvest season. Straw feed includes Gramineae and Leguminosae. Gramineae straw includes straw, barley straw, wheat straw, corn straw, oat straw and millet straw. Leguminosae straw mainly includes soybean straw, broad bean straw, pea straw and peanut straw. Other straws include rape straw and withered amaranth straw. Straw, wheat straw and corn straw are the three major straw feeds in China.

Straw feed is generally low in nutrient content, which is characterized by low protein, fat and sugar content, low energy value and digestible energy content of less than 2.0 megacalories/kg; Except vitamin D, other vitamins are poor, with low calcium and phosphorus content and low utilization rate. However, the fiber content is very high, the crude fiber is as high as 30% ~ 45%, and the degree of lignification is high, and the proportion of lignin is generally 6.5% ~ 12%. Hard and rough texture, poor palatability and low digestibility. Therefore, straw feed should not be fed alone, but should be fed with high-quality hay, or through reasonable processing and modulation, to improve its palatability and nutritional value.

1. Straw

Rice is one of the main food crops in China, which is not only widely planted in the southern provinces of the Yangtze River, but also developed on a large scale in many northern provinces in recent years. In the history of Northeast China, rice was used to regulate grain varieties, but now it is not only self-sufficient, but also sold to southern provinces. According to statistics, the national straw output is 654.38+88 million tons. Straw has a rough texture, with crude protein content of 4.8%, crude fat 1.4%, crude fiber 35.3%, nitrogen-free extract 39.8% and crude ash 17.8%. The content of silicon in crude ash is high, accounting for 14% of dry matter. ......

What feed should be used to raise cattle?

Let me start with a rough concentrate formula: 60% corn, 20% soybean meal, 14% wheat bran, 4% premix, 0.8% salt, 1.2% baking soda.

Corn is an energy feed, which mainly supplements the energy needed for the growth of cattle; Soybean meal is protein feed, which mainly provides protein for the growth of cattle; Although wheat bran belongs to energy feed, its main function is to supplement phosphorus and alleviate leakage; Premix is commonly used in the market as 4%, and there are other specifications such as 2% and 5%. Many people say that it is ok not to add premix. Premix is mainly to supplement trace elements, minerals and the like to cattle, and it is impossible without adding them; Salt is also a mineral that cattle need. Although it is contained in premix, it is generally not enough and needs to be added outside. Baking soda is mainly used to synthesize gastric acid.

Of course, the feed formula is not static, and it should be adjusted according to the variety of cattle, feed type, size of cattle and other factors.

We need more dairy cows in protein, such as calves and cows. We can appropriately reduce the corn content and increase the soybean meal content. A large amount of wheat bran is added to calf feed, which is about 14%. In addition to supplementing phosphorus, it mainly plays a light role and makes calves digest more smoothly. With the increase of cattle age, the digestive function gradually becomes stronger, and the demand for phosphorus is also less, so the wheat bran should be gradually reduced to about 5% in the later stage of fattening. Baking soda is mainly added according to the acidity of feed and the amount of concentrated feed. If you feed silage, distiller's grains and other feeds with high acidity, you need to add more baking soda.

Coarse feed does not need special collocation, of course, the more diversified the feed, the more balanced the nutrition. We just need to simply mix our own coarse grains, and the requirements are not high.

The feeding amount of concentrated feed and roughage depends on cattle. Generally speaking, the total dry matter of feed for fattening cattle accounts for about 3.3% of the weight of cattle, of which concentrate accounts for about 40% of the total feed. It can also be fed with concentrated feed accounting for 1. 1~ 1.3% and roughage accounting for 2%~2.2% of the cow's body weight.

For breeding cattle, the ratio of concentrated feed to roughage should be matched according to the fatness and pregnancy of cattle. When the cows are empty, the concentrate feed should be reduced appropriately to keep the cows in medium fat. In addition, the amount of concentrated feed must be reduced half a month before the cow is born to avoid dystocia. Three days after delivery, gradually increase the feeding amount of concentrate and increase the content of protein feed in concentrate.

What kinds of cattle feed are there?

Hello! The types of cattle feed are: concentrate feed: concentrate feed is characterized by small volume, low crude fiber content (below 18%), high energy concentration and many digestible nutrients. Grain: It is the theme of concentrated feed. It contains a lot of carbohydrates, low crude fiber content, good palatability and high phosphorus content. Commonly used gramineous crops include corn, sorghum, barley, oats, millet, rice and so on. Potato feed: high starch content (accounting for 80% of the total matter), easy to digest, low protein content and low digestibility. Commonly used potatoes, sweet potatoes, potatoes and so on. Bran feed: moderate crude fiber content and high digestibility. Commonly used are rice bran, bran, small rice bran and so on. Cake feed: it is a by-product of oil-bearing crop seeds after oil extraction, which is divided into oil cake and oil residue cake. Green and juicy feed: wide source, low cost, convenient collection, simple processing and comprehensive nutrition. It mainly includes pasture, leafy vegetables, roots and so on. Coarse feed: high crude fiber content, large volume, wide source, low cost, convenient collection, simple processing and low nutrient content. Commonly used are green hay, crop straw, chaff and leaves. Improved fattening cattle

How much coarse grains does Niu Yi eat every day?

The daily food of cattle is mainly coarse feed and green feed, supplemented by concentrated feed.

The specific feeding amount of coarse feed and green feed is 2.5% of the weight of cattle, and the concentrate feed is 0.6% of the weight of cattle.