Detailed information of wetland bird national nature reserve in the old Yellow River in northern Henan Province

Bird Wetland National Nature Reserve of the Old Yellow River in northern Henan Province is located in the old Yellow River, which borders Weihui City and Yanjin County in the east of Xinxiang City, Henan Province, and the Yellow River beach and back river depression in fengqiu county. Covering an area of 22,78 hectares, it was established with the approval of the people of Henan Province in 1988, and was promoted to the national level in 1996. Its main protection targets are rare birds such as swans and cranes and inland wetland ecosystems. Basic Introduction Chinese Name: National Nature Reserve of Wetland Birds in the Old Yellow River in Northern Henan Province Location: East of Xinxiang City, Henan Province Level: National Nature Reserve Area: 22,78 hectares Type: Wetland and Water Ecological Type Protection Object: Swan, Crane and Wetland Approval Time: 1996 Historical Evolution, Geographical Environment, Geographical Location, Topography, climate, protection objectives, protection objects, animal resources, plant resources, management measures, management institutions, management measures, ecological value and historical evolution In July 1988, the people of Henan Province approved the establishment of "Swan Nature Reserve in the Old Road of the Yellow River in northern Henan". In November, 1996, the State Council approved the establishment of "National Nature Reserve for Wetland Birds in the Old Course of the Yellow River in the North of Henan Province", which expanded the area of the reserve. Geographical environment geographical location protection areas include the Yellow River levee (including the Yellow River beach, sandbar in the middle of the river and other land) and the Yellow River back river depression area. Its north shore is: wei zhuang zhen in Changyuan County to the junction of Jinglonggong Township and Yuanyang County in Fengqiu County. Its east bank is the boundary between Henan and Shandong Province, and its south bank is: lankao county, Kaifeng City to Rice Township, Kaifeng City. Bird National Nature Reserve of Old Yellow River Wetland in Northern Henan Province covers a total area of 22,78 hectares. Among them, the core area is 7973 hectares, the buffer area is 729 hectares, and the experimental area is 7517 hectares. There are two core areas in the reserve, which are located in the east and west of the reserve. The eastern core area is located in the main channel of the Yellow River from Lizhuang Township, fengqiu county to wei zhuang zhen, Changyuan County, and the western core area is located in the yellow river channel on the south side of Chen Qiao Township, fengqiu county. The north area of the reserve starts from Jiadi Village, Dongtun Township, Yanjin County in the southwest, passes through Qiancheng Town, Banzao Township, Houhe Township, Tunzhen Town, Ethan and Pangzhai Township in Yanjin County, and ends at Hezha Village, Fengzhuang Township, Yanjin County, involving 153 administrative villages in 7 townships. The south area starts from the junction of Fengqiu and Yuanyang counties in the west, passes through Sunzhuang Township, Jinglonggong Township, Sizhuang Township, Chenqiao Town, Caogang Township, Lizhuang Township and Yingang Township in fengqiu county, and ends at the junction of Fengqiu Changyuan County. * * * involving 156 administrative villages in 7 townships (towns). The Bird Wetland Nature Reserve of the Old Yellow River in northern Henan Province is located in the east of Xinxiang City, Henan Province, the old Yellow River which borders Weihui City and Yanjin County, and the Yellow River beach and back river depression in fengqiu county. The border area between Weihui City and Yanjin County is a trough-shaped depression left over from the diversion of the ancient Yellow River, with a geographical location of 114 7 ′ east longitude and 34 54 north latitude. The geographical coordinates of fengqiu county are 114 29' east longitude and 35 24' north latitude. Topography The landform of Bird Wetland Nature Reserve in the Old Course of the Yellow River in northern Henan Province belongs to the alluvial plain of the Yellow River Basin, with flat terrain, slightly inclined to the northeast and small ground slope. The landform types of the reserve mainly include modern riverbed, floodplain, terrace and back river depression of the Yellow River, with a natural slope of 1/7 and an altitude of 63.5 meters. The climate protection zone is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone in China, with four distinct seasons. It is dry and windy in spring, less rainfall, rapid temperature rise, hot and rainy in summer, dry and cool in autumn, cold in winter and less rain and snow. Protection Target Protection Object The main protection objects of the National Nature Reserve for Wetland Birds in the Old Yellow River in Northern Henan Province are rare birds such as swans and cranes and inland wetland ecosystems. Animal Resources Birds As of 21, 156 species of birds belonging to 16 orders and 43 families were known in nature reserves. There are 39 species of birds under national key protection, 1 species under national first-class protection and 29 species under national second-class protection. There are 67 species of birds in the migratory bird protection agreement signed by China, Japan and China and Australia. There are 78 species of birds that breed locally (including resident birds and migratory birds), while there are 78 species of birds that do not breed locally (including resident birds and migratory birds). Mammals As of 21, there are 12 species of wild mammals in nature reserves, belonging to 5 orders and 7 families. Among them, the Palaearctic components are: common hedgehog, hamster, striped hamster, Chinese zokor, Apodemus agrarius, etc., accounting for about 41.7% of the total number of mammals; The oriental world consists of bats and yellow-breasted rats, accounting for about 16.7% of the total number of mammals; The widely distributed species are grass rabbit, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Yellow weasel and leopard cat, accounting for 41.7% of the total number of mammals. Amphibians and Reptiles As of 21, there are 5 species of amphibians and 9 species of reptiles in 1 order, 3 families in nature reserves. Among the five amphibians, Rana zephyr belongs to the Oriental kingdom, Bufo raddei and Rana borealis belong to the Palaearctic realm, and Rana nigricans and Bufo bufo gargarizans are widely distributed in the Palaearctic realm and the Oriental realm. Among 9 kinds of reptiles, turtles, soft-shelled turtles, red-chain snakes, red-spotted snakes and tiger-spotted snakes are widely distributed, while webless geckos, beautiful-spotted snakes, yellow-ridged snakes and white-striped snakes all belong to the Palaearctic realm. Fish As of 21, there are 32 species of fish belonging to 7 orders, 1 families in nature reserves. Among the 32 species, 3 species are pure freshwater fish, and only silver carp and eel are migratory fish, which are rare. Cyprinidae is the main fish, with 25 species and 2 species of economic significance. Grass carp, silver carp, common carp and crucian carp are traditional breeding objects. A small number of fish belong to the Oriental kingdom, and most of them are widely distributed. There are few endemic species in this area, but the Yellow River carp, which is an excellent specialty, is world-famous and one of the key protected fish species in Henan. Plant Resources As of 21, there are 745 species of flora in 68 families, 273 genera in nature reserves. There are 18 families and 41 species of plants that make up the wetland aquatic vegetation in this area, and the water distribution is mainly Potamogeton, Ceratophyllaceae, Nymphaeaceae and Lemnaceae. The distribution of marshland is dominated by Typha, Gramineae and Cyperaceae. There are 11 species of aquatic plants widely distributed in the world, such as reed, water candle, mixed Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum and duckweed. There are 6 species in temperate zone and 12 species in subtropical zone to temperate zone, such as POTAMOGETON POTAMOGETON, Sargassum, Cyperus, etc. There are 12 species distributed from tropical to temperate zone, such as lotus, POTAMOGETON lineata and black algae. Terrestrial plants include plants distributed around farmland, sand dunes, salinization, wasteland, lakes and along the Yellow River levee. Management Measures Management Office of Yellow River Old Course Wetland Bird National Nature Reserve, a fully-funded institution at the deputy division level, is affiliated to Xinxiang Environmental Protection Bureau, with 13 personnel, including 1 director, 1 secretary, 2 deputy directors and 1 deputy secretary. There are 7 senior engineers, 2 engineers, 2 assistants and 2 administrative personnel. Management measures 1. A wide range of publicity and education on nature protection principles, policies and regulations have been carried out. Sixteen large-scale permanent billboards, written slogans, posted notices, printed and distributed publicity materials of the protected area were established at the main roads and intersections around the protected area; Strengthen contact with the news media and do a good job in news coverage of protected areas; Every year, we insist on doing a good job in the publicity activities of "Bird Love Week", and through various forms of publicity, we have raised the awareness of nature protection of leaders at all levels and the general public. 2, properly solve the relationship between the protected area and the surrounding local people. Protected areas are located in densely populated agricultural areas, which are intertwined with surrounding villages, farmland, pastures, orchards, woodlands, etc. Correctly handling and coordinating the contradiction between local people and the construction and management of protected areas, and striving for the support of local people and the broad masses of people for the cause of protection are the basic conditions for doing a good job in protected areas. Bird National Nature Reserve in the Old Yellow River Wetland in North Henan 3. Hunting, reclamation, grazing, deforestation, sand pulling, fish ponds and other activities harmful to the survival of wild animals and plants are strictly prohibited in the core area of the reserve. 4. Do a good job in water source monitoring in nature reserves, measure the groundwater level regularly, strengthen the monitoring of water environment, and prevent industrial production wastewater from polluting the nature reserves. 5. Regularly observe the fluctuation of bird resources, master the activity law of rare waterfowl and the change of population, establish resource files, and take effective measures in time when problems are found. 6, increase the frequency of patrol management of nature reserves, and timely discover and deal with illegal acts that destroy nature reserves. 7. Strengthen the management of nature reserves, protect the integrity of natural ecological environment, and benefit future generations. With the approval of the people of Henan Province and Xinxiang City, the scope reduction of nature reserves has begun, and the relevant text materials have passed the expert review organized by the Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and submitted to the State Environmental Protection Administration. The new plan has appropriately adjusted the scope and area of the reserve. Ecological Value The Bird Wetland National Nature Reserve of the Old Yellow River in northern Henan Province is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone in China. Its landform features are the back river depression, trough depression and vast yellow river beach left over from the history after the diversion of the Yellow River. Its water source comes from surface runoff, water diversion from the Yellow River and groundwater in flood season. It is a rare natural wetland in the densely populated area of the Central Plains of China. The wetland bird national nature reserve of the old Yellow River in northern Henan Province has vast waters and beaches, rich wildlife resources and numerous birds. It is a large wetland left over from the densely populated area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and is rich in northern species, southern species and widely distributed species of animals and plants, which is the wintering northern boundary of winter migratory birds, and has important biodiversity protection significance and potential scientific research and development and eco-tourism value. It is of great significance to protect biodiversity in the Central Plains.