Ma Shi genealogy

Clan culture is a major feature of Chinese culture, and genealogy is an important embodiment of clan culture.

An excellent genealogy records the origin, development and spread history of a family.

The genealogy of the horse family is the development history of the horse family and the sacred thing that maintains the horse family.

Fine tuning spectrum

The Chinese nation has a fine tradition of tracing its roots, which is manifested in the compilation of history books in the country and genealogy in the family, and genealogy is regarded as an immortal cause.

The origin of genealogy is generally attributed to Zhou Guan, but in fact, Shiben is the earliest genealogical work in China, and Sima Qian's Historical Records is based on it.

Ma surname in history, like Ma surname in China, attaches great importance to the compilation of its own history.

It is impossible to verify when the earliest Genealogy of Ma was compiled. However, as a famous family in the Han Dynasty, the Ma family had a family tree in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, genealogy research flourished, and with the appearance of horse celebrities, horse genealogy also became a grand view.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the development of the times, the genealogy of Ma became more * * *, and even some ethnic minorities named Ma began to compile genealogies.

For example, during the Daoguang period, the Ma family of Manchu in Liaoning (later renamed Ma) compiled the Ma family tree, and during the Tongzhi period, the Ma family in Yuxi, Yunnan compiled the Ma family tree in Longmen, Yuxi.

After liberation, Ma Shi in Chinese mainland once stopped arranging music, but it is still very popular in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

In recent years, the Ma family tree has been updated and sorted out.

Ma has always attached importance to the revision of genealogy, and regarded genealogy as a sacred object to maintain the whole Ma family, which is generally reflected in the Preface to Ma Genealogy.

For example, every time the genealogy is revised, the name of the trainee will be indicated first, and the genealogy coefficient will be listed.

At the same time, we attach great importance to the collection and preservation of genealogy, and ask our descendants not to alter it at will, not to let insects and mice bite it, and not to become monks, otherwise hell will pay.

Significance and function of spectrum adjustment

The significance and function of genealogy revision are explained in detail in Genealogy of Ordinary Ma.

Ma wrote in "Preface to Western Hills": "The farewell ceremony of saints is more important than clan, and the discrimination of clan is more important than genealogy. The spread of genealogy is nothing more than Buddhist practice. " "The spread of ancestors is also the foundation of mankind.

The ancients were officials who wrote records and biographies, so they determined the age of the world and distinguished Mu, so that future generations could know the origin of their clan, and the reasons for their closeness were different.

At the same time, it also talked about the harm of not repairing genealogy: "Later generations don't repair genealogy, but the clan doesn't talk about it, and the numbers are passed down, so if passers-by look at each other, how can they worship their ancestors?"

"

It can be seen that Ma's genealogy is a measure taken to save the patriarchal system and maintain the purity of pedigree after the patriarchal system was destroyed.

With genealogy, we can distinguish which one we belong to and which one we belong to, so as to avoid indiscriminately confessing our ancestors to the ancestors.

As Fu Feng said in "Preface to Ma Shixiu": "It is inevitable to be cynical to do this just to follow his ancestors and not take the risk of others' sects, and not to give up his ancestors for his ancestors. "

"When compiling a musical score, we must" put archaeology first and pass it on by letter ".

Because "non-descendants also force it to be unwise, and it is unkind to get it and abandon it."

The Original Preface of Ma's Genealogy further summarizes the function of Ma's Genealogy as follows: "Genealogy is born to respect the head, ancestors to respect the ancestors, and the preface is long and young to respect the teeth."

Genealogical style

Ouyang Xiu and Su Xun, great writers in Song Dynasty, both advocated genealogy. They not only edited the genealogy of their surnames themselves, but also put forward the style and method of editing genealogy, which gradually became the norm of editing genealogy in later generations.

Both Europe and the Soviet Union adopted the genealogy of horses, or simply merged them.

For example, the Genealogy of Ma Feng Family in Ji Yang adopts Su Xun's "scoring method", "whoever can learn from others can save his ancestors and move them away", and adopts "small patriarchal clan system", that is, only five are recorded.

The Genealogy of Ma Clan in Xishan adopts Ouyang Xiu's "spectral method", which prints the self-visible world as a great ancestor, and the five generations of great-grandchildren are different from themselves.

In principle, it is based on distance and closeness. Those who are far from B are slightly, and those who are near are detailed. "

The genealogy of Ma adopted the genealogy methods of Europe and the Soviet Union, but it was not simply imitated and applied, but was modified according to the specific conditions of Ma's family rules and families, forming a unique example of genealogy compilation.

For example, there are 20 Ma families in Jiyang Fufeng. One of them said, "the chart is the outline of the spectrum, which is transmitted for the purpose of the spectrum."

Where there are official titles, articles about manufacturing certificates and patents should be placed at the beginning of the spectrum. If there is no official title, you should also attach the year of birth and death, preface and biography, so that future generations can have a view on law and rise.

Fourth, he said: "The fifth-generation master plan is like the legacy of Su Laoquan; Beggars' Sect is fifth, and relatives outside do their best.

Fifthly, it said: "All factions have resumed their rotation charts to attract their followers and adopt the Zeng Nanfeng style to distinguish the meaning of small clans and clarify their relatives and friends.

"

Generally speaking, the genealogy of horses has clear provisions on which ethnic groups cannot be included in the genealogy, which is usually closely related to their family rules and laws.

For example, the Genealogy of Ma's Family in Jiyang Fufeng stipulates: "Children and grandchildren are monks and grandsons, not listed in the first line, not on the picture, but tend to be heretical with other clansmen in the family.

"Children who have done bad things and advised others will be condemned by the congregation, and their names will be cut off, so that they can be regarded as ancestors. If it can be improved, it will be repeated.

""consanguineous marriage, that is, people of the same blood have a spectrum, is a matter of weathering, and it should be forbidden to have a spectrum.

""Married people who work with a certain family will not be allowed to enter the spectrum if one family moves to another after death, regardless of seniority and suitability.

"If you don't enter the genealogy, it is equivalent to going out of the clan. This is a shame and punishment for China people who are deeply rooted and revered.

The strictness of Ma Jiajia's laws can also be seen.

See the horse's surname.

Introduction to horse genealogy

Family tree style classification

The styles and details of Ma's genealogy are different, but they are basically the same.

The Genealogy of Ma's Family contains the following contents: genealogical name, genealogical order, catalogue, common cases, meritorious records, portraits and eulogies, five-service maps, family rules and regulations, clan lineage, genealogy, official history, family biography, ancestral hall, tombs, cultural relics and clan property.

The name of the family tree is the name of the family tree, which is usually written on the cover of the family tree and has different contents.

Usually, the family tree of Mars is called "Mars family tree" or "Mars family multiplication" or "Mars family tree", and some of them are called "Mars family tree", "Mars family tree" or "Mars family tree".

Some also indicate the region, branch or hall number in detail, such as Jingjiang Mashi Genealogy and Chongluntang Mashi Genealogy.

Genealogy is a part of genealogy and has important cultural and historical value.

Genealogy usually has many prefaces, which are usually written by celebrities or scholars, celebrities or politicians related to the family.

Its content either discusses the significance of genealogy, or records the history and origin of genealogy, or records the origin and distribution of surnames.

Therefore, the preface of genealogy is often the "eye" of genealogy, the condensation of family history, and at the same time, it is often a masterpiece of prose.

Fan Fan is the compilation style of genealogy, from which we can get a glimpse of genealogy thought, genealogy compilation method and even family rules and regulations.

As mentioned above, the genealogy of Ma surname mostly adopts the "genealogy method" of Ouyang Xiu and Su Xun, and is modified according to the specific situation of the family, thus forming a unique genealogy compilation style of Ma surname.

Like compliments, they are often attached to portraits of national celebrities, and are mostly inscribed by famous scholars, celebrities or relatives and friends of the nation. The content generally evaluates this person's achievements and life.

For example, the ode to the image of Ma Yuan in Ma Shitong was inscribed by Ma Jia's nephew Zheng Yu. The full text is as follows: "The classics are rich and the words are far-reaching; Vast, Yu Ruokun Zheng.

"Ma Rong's image praise was also inscribed by Zheng Yu. The content is as follows:" Wonderful and extremely knowledgeable, wise and philosophical, refined and elegant.

In addition, Zhu wrote a hymn of "General Shanyanghou of Pingnan in the Later Zhou Dynasty", Wen Tianxiang wrote a hymn of "Stopping Drinking in the Song Dynasty", Han Yu wrote a hymn of "Prince of the Tang Dynasty", Wen Tianxiang wrote a hymn of "Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty benefiting the public" and wrote a hymn of "Duke of the Song Dynasty".

Genealogy is the most important content in genealogy. Together with the "family biography" in genealogy, it can often make up for the lack of history.

For example, we can know from Ma Shi Tong Pu that Ma Zhou is Ma Yuan's 11th grandson, Ma Sui's 5th grandson, Ma Zhijie's 18th grandson and Ma Tingluan's 21st grandson.

However, because people tend to woo and get close to celebrities with their own names to improve their status when compiling genealogy, the "lineage" and "family biography" in genealogy are also inaccurate.

Couplets with more than seven words in Magong Temple

Together with Wang Zuocai, build rafts and fish for nutrients;

Step by step, teaching and writing books.

-Ma Gong Temple Anonymous Federation

The first allied member was Ma Zhou, a doctor of Guanglu in Yin Qing in Tang Dynasty, from chiping.

Love learning, good at poetry and spring and autumn.

Teaching assistant of Wude Zhongfu.

He died, left his job, built a fence, and was later reused.

In the second couplet, it is declared that the Song Dynasty is the heir of Langma Duanlin, whose word is expensive and Luanping.

In Xianchun, Cao Cao tried first, learned a lot of books, and made up for things with virtue.

Since the early Yuan Dynasty, he has been the dean of Keshan College and a professor of Taizhou Studies.

The general examination of documents runs through ancient and modern times.

Gao Tang set up teaching and taught students;

Yuntai column portrait, copper column standard work.

-Zhuang Wei Ma Gong Temple Title General Association.

The first couplet refers to the Eastern Han Dynasty? ; ; Ma Rong, when he was an apprentice, Shi Johnson had an apprentice.

The bottom line refers to the Eastern Han Dynasty? ; ; Ma Wu, Ma Yuan.

Emperor Guangxu of Ma Zhongxing, whose graphics are painted in Yuntai Pavilion; Ma Yuan crossed his toes and erected a bronze column to show his achievements.

Uwei Shengde, a brave and immortal general;

The jade face is brilliant, and it hangs over Bayern Army for thousands of years.

-Ma Gong Temple Anonymous Federation

This couplet was written by Ukrainian general Maxin Temple in Qing Dynasty.

Ma Xin, a native of Shaanxi, originally belonged to Zheng Chenggong's cabinet.

After arriving in Taiwan Province, he was stationed in Shangbao (now Shaanxi Village) in Yanwu, Changhua County, and was unfortunately killed.

Later generations built a temple for his sacrifice.

The temple is located in Shaanxi Village, Xiushui Town, Changhua County, Taiwan Province Province.

Set up a crimson account to teach students, and the eyebrows are fierce;

Cast bronze standards and carry tripod achievements, Qinghai heavy light.

-Ma Gong Temple Anonymous Federation

The first couplet refers to Ma Rong and Ma Liang.

Ma Rong, a native of Maoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a doctor, doctor, satrap and negotiator in Wudu Nanjun.

He was a well-read scholar at that time, and students often gave lectures, followed by women.

He is the author of Three Biographies of Similarities and Differences, with various classics.

Ma Liang was born in Yicheng, Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. All five brothers have the word "Chang" in their names. Ma Liang has white hair on his eyebrows. The local folk proverb says: "Malaysia has five permanent members, and white eyebrows are the best."

"Engaged in with Liu Beiren, sworn enemy.

The second couplet refers to Ma Yuan and Marten.

Ma Yuan Yuan Wen, a native of Maoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was ambitious as a teenager. He followed Wang Mang first and then returned to Guangwudi.

According to the Longxi Rebellion in Xiao Wei, Ma Yuan took rice as the valley, pointed out the situation for Emperor Guangwu, and was able to break through Xiao Wei.

After that, I worshipped General Fu Bo.

Lead the army south, pacify the toes, erect bronze pillars to show merit and seal a new atmosphere.

Marten is a descendant of Ma Yuan.

In the last years of Emperor Ling, the frontier strongmen in Qinghai rebelled and Marten joined the army. Because of his achievements in the war, he worshipped the former general and sealed Li Huai Hou.

Copper column hall, Baoshan hall and Jude hall are all beautiful;

Fufeng County, Lin 'an County and Huayin County are competing for fragrance.

-Zhuang Wei Ma Gong Temple Title General Association.

Quanlian Hall refers to the name, county and hall of the horse.

The bronze column hasn't fallen down yet. May my descendants inherit it and pass on the ancestors of the frontier.

The crimson curtain can be opened for a long time. Xi will stand in the ring for generations, and he will wear the classic Confucian classics again.

-Ma Ji often wrote the General Association of Ma's Ancestral Hall.

This couplet is a couplet of Ma's Ancestral Hall in Chengdian, Feixi County, Anhui Province.

The All-China Federation listed the deeds of Ma Yuan and Ma Rong.

To inspire future generations.

Mashi Ancestral Hall Seven-character Wanlian

Yuan Pufan returned to Qu Zhiyuan;

Changchun has a long season to introduce classics.

-Ma Gong Temple Anonymous Federation

The first part embeds the name of Ma Zhiyuan, a dramatist in Yuan Dynasty.

The second couplet refers to Ma Ji Chang, a Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who embedded Ji Chang's name in the couplet.

The spine is old and loose;

It's beautiful until autumn.

-Ma Yuelu wrote "The General Association of Ma Ancestral Hall".

This couplet was written by Ma Yuelu, a poet in the Qing Dynasty (about Kangxi and Qianlong years).

Ma Yuelu was born in Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province.

There is "Nan Zhai Ji".

It is friendship that does not pursue interests;

Know your method, regardless of your advantages.

—— Ma Yinchu is the general association of Ma's ancestral halls.

This couplet was written by the famous economist Ma Yinchu (1882- 1982).

Ma Yinchu was born in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province.

He is the author of New Population Theory.

The wife sells cakes to her husband;

The queen has her descendants.

-Zhuang Wei Ma Gong Temple Title General Association.

The first couplet reads Ma Zhou, the minister of the early Tang Dynasty.

Yuan Tiangang once heard a fortune teller say, "There is a woman who sells cakes in Beijing, and she will definitely make a fortune in the future.

"Later it was fulfilled.

Ma Yuan, the daughter of a general, is famous for her virtue and never interferes in state affairs for personal reasons.

Yuanqu is well-known and has far-reaching influence;

This class is an art school.

-Zhuang Wei Ma Gong Temple Title General Association.

The first part is embedded in Ma Zhiyuan, a dramatist in Yuan Dynasty.

It is one of the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera".

The second part is embedded in the contemporary Peking Opera performance artist Ma.

At the age of 9, he joined a class in Beijing Xiliancheng and was employed by Ye Chunshan and Cai.

/kloc-at the age of 0/0, he performed dramas such as Dingjun Mountain.

After leaving school, he studied under Sun Juxian, Jia Honglin, Liu and other famous artists, and took advantage of Yu () painting school. After long-term artistic practice, he developed into a unique art of Ma School.