Encyclopedia of CNC machine tools

Guide: How much do you know about CNC machine tools? Let me show you an encyclopedia introduction about CNC machine tools! I hope I can help you!

1 Introduction to CNC machine tools

Heavy CNC machine tools are mainly used to process large and extra-large precision parts, serving major industrial pillar industries such as national defense, aerospace, ships, energy (thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power generation), transportation (railways, automobiles), metallurgy, construction machinery, and national engineering projects.

At present, China's independent research and development of heavy-duty machine tools and ultra-heavy-duty machine tools basically meet the engineering needs of some countries, and have repeatedly created the world's highest limit specifications.

For example, China has manufactured a series of heavy-duty CNC vertical milling lathes with a machining diameter of 25m, a floor milling and boring machine with a boring bar diameter of 30mm, a CNC gantry milling and boring machine with a machining width of over10m, a CNC heavy-duty horizontal lathe with a rotary diameter of over 5000mm and other products with independent intellectual property rights, and the technical level is close to the advanced level in the world.

2, the competitiveness of CNC machine tools

In the face of the rapid decline of other machine tool markets under the financial crisis, the heavy machine tool market has hardly been affected, which has led many machine tool manufacturers to turn to the large and heavy machine tool market with better market. The reason is that in the field of heavy machine tools, the international competitiveness is relatively not fierce, which makes domestic heavy machine tools enterprises successfully replace imports in some product markets.

(1) The development trend of heavy gantry machining center is high power, high torque, high compound and complex hole surface machining ability.

In the world, the highest level of heavy-duty gantry machining center is Wallich in Germany? Coburg company's products, Yi Bei machine tool adopts the German Wadrich? Coburg's technology. Compared with Coburg machine tool, Hiyes is basically the same in power, torque and specifications, but Hiyes's machine tool spindle has high rotation speed and good accuracy retention, and is at a higher level in technology. Compared with other products at home and abroad, foreign countries have strong heavy-duty cutting ability and high machining accuracy, and have many technical advantages, such as beam machining profiling technology, Z-axis ram length compensation technology, gantry frame X-axis moving double motors, three motors and even four motors synchronization technology.

(2) Domestic manufacturers of floor milling and boring machines mainly include Kunming Machine Tool Plant, Qiqihar No.2 Machine Tool Plant, Jinan No.2 Machine Tool Plant and Wuhan Heavy Machinery Plant. Foreign manufacturers of floor milling and boring machines mainly include: PAMA in Italy, Heath in Germany, INNSEBERARDI in Italy, SKODA in Czech Republic, etc.

(3) The main foreign manufacturers of CNC gantry mobile and desktop turning and milling centers are Coburg, Peter Canacci, Geegon and scharmann. These companies have many years of experience in producing main machine tools.

Domestic development and research are still in the initial stage, and the technology is not mature enough. At present, domestic machine tools have some shortcomings, such as low bearing capacity, low precision and low load.

(4) Heavy CNC lathe CNC single-column mobile vertical milling lathe is the key equipment for processing the hydraulic turbine of the Three Gorges Project, which represents the production capacity and level of China's ultra-heavy machine tools, and indicates that China's independent intellectual property products have reached the advanced level in the world and become one of the few suppliers of ultra-heavy machine tools in the world. It also lays a foundation for designing and manufacturing more series of milling-turning compound machine tools.

In addition, the CNC heavy horizontal lathe designed and manufactured by Zhongqi CNC is the supporting equipment provided by Harbin Electric Machinery Factory for the Three Gorges Project. The machining diameter is 4.3m, the machining length is 18m, and the maximum bearing capacity is 250t. This machine tool can realize automatic measurement of workpieces and tool alignment in the machine tool. When machining the turbine rotor of the Three Gorges Unit, the workpiece weighing 200 tons is clamped at one time to complete all the machining. The successful development of this machine tool indicates that the manufacturing capacity of heavy horizontal lathe has reached a new level.

3, the advantages of heavy CNC machine tools

In recent two years, China's heavy CNC machine tools have developed fastest, such as heavy CNC gantry boring and milling machine, heavy floor boring and milling machine, heavy vertical horizontal lathe and so on. The annual output and market consumption rank first in the world.

The rapid development of heavy machine tools directly reflects China's large demand for heavy equipment manufacturing such as electric power, ships, petrochemicals and mines. A number of new products have been successfully developed, such as CNC double gantry boring and milling machine, gantry turning and milling compound machine tool, pentahedral gantry machining center with interchangeable milling heads and movable beams. The key technologies such as hydrostatic guideway and hydrostatic bearing technology, synchronous control and motion compensation technology, five-axis linkage technology, high-power double pendulum milling head and heavy-duty turntable have been broken through one after another, which indicates that the development of heavy machine tools in China has reached a new height.

Beijing No.1 Machine Tool Works began to manufacture the super-heavy CNC gantry boring and milling machine with the largest single machine output value in China (87 million yuan/set). At present, a number of the world's most super-heavy machine tools have been put into development one after another, which will guide China to enter the ranks of the world's heavy machine tool manufacturing powers.

Wuhan Heavy Machine Tool Group has manufactured XKD ultra-heavy CNC double gantry boring and milling machine and put it into use. The machine tool is a movable 4-milling head with a double gantry, with a gantry width of 6.8 meters and a processing length of 57 meters. The structure of four milling heads with movable type of Shuanglongmen is the first in China.

Zhongqi CNC Equipment Co., Ltd. successfully trial-produced BVDM3 15? 5MC vertical milling and drilling center, the machine tool adopts double-column gantry frame structure, double tool holders and double 24 tool depots, the central spindle has water outlet function, the rotation speed reaches 5000r/min, the hydrostatic guide rail has the function of rotating the c axis of the workbench, the diameter of the workbench is 3 150mm, and the positioning accuracy is 5? The maximum machining diameter is 3 150mm, and the workpiece weighs 20t. This machine tool is used to process the bearings of large-scale wind turbines, which fills the gap in China.

Qiqihar No.2 Machine Tool Group Company successfully trial-produced XK2 127 five-axis CNC gantry boring and milling machine with moving beam. The machine tool adopts new technologies such as long-span and heavy-duty ball screw and auxiliary device, automatic accessory exchange device, spindle floating clamping device and hydraulic proportional balance of cross beam, with a working length of 8000 mm? 3000 mm, spindle speed 5 ~ 2000 rpm, servo motor power 24kW, which can realize multi-axis control and five-axis linkage.

Shenyang Machine Tool (Group) Co., Ltd. has successfully developed GMC2060u five-axis gantry machining center. Some breakthroughs have been made in synchronous control and adjustment technology of X-direction bidirectional drive, error compensation technology of five-coordinate linkage, overall structure and topology optimization of machine tools, and some progress has been made in high speed, high precision and high rigidity. This machine tool is widely used in military industry.

The pentahedral gantry machining center of VX32~60 interchangeable movable beam worktable manufactured by Dalian Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd. adopts rolling linear guide rail, motorized spindle and CNC double pendulum milling head. Machine tools have made new breakthroughs in the design and manufacture of key technologies.

4. The most accurate grinder in the world

China is the first country in the world to manufacture sub-nanometer precision machine tools, mainly in this period: it has become the third country to master the manufacturing and processing technology of high-precision optical parts after the United States and Germany, and it is also the country with the research and development capability of magnetorheological and ion beam polishing equipment in the world at present.

China is the largest CNC bending machine with the highest accuracy in the world. Although it is not a machine tool, there are many similarities between technology and machine tools, and it belongs to a strategic super machine. Its level directly determines the manufacturing process of submarines. All the bending machines used in American and Japanese submarines are from Sweden and Switzerland, mainly Sweden. The countries that can achieve the ultimate in plate bending machine in the world are China and Sweden, as well as countries that have all complete extreme manufacturing fields and strategic super machine systems including plate bending machines.

In 2008, Qinchuan Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd. developed VTM260 gantry milling compound machining center. The machine tool has the function of seven axes and five linkages, and the degree of compounding is high. It can realize the functions of turning, milling, boring, drilling, tapping and turning threads at one time.

5, the gap between domestic and foreign products

Although China's heavy machine tool industry has made great progress and gratifying development in recent years. However, in terms of high-grade heavy CNC machine tools, we still rely on imports, and the products of Germany and Italy represent the advanced level in the world.

There is little difference in structure between domestic products and foreign products, and the new technologies adopted are almost the same, but there is still a certain gap between domestic products and advanced countries in the world in terms of advanced technology application and manufacturing technology level.

The new product development ability and manufacturing cycle can not meet the needs of domestic users, and the manufacturing accuracy of parts and the maintenance and reliability of the whole machine accuracy still need to be greatly improved, especially in the CNC system and functional components matching with heavy machine tools, such as tool magazine, manipulator and two-coordinate milling head, which need to be met by overseas manufacturers.

Heavy machine tool manufacturing enterprises have strong manufacturing ability, but they are large but not refined. The main reason is that the processing equipment is backward and the numerical control rate is very low, especially the lack of high-precision processing equipment. At the same time, domestic enterprises generally lack the ability of independent innovation, because the market demand characteristics of heavy machine tools in small batches determine higher requirements for technological innovation. There is still a certain gap between domestic heavy CNC machine tools and well-known enterprises in developed countries. The gap in product level is mainly reflected in:

The advanced level of spindle speed in foreign countries (1) has reached 3000 ~ 4000 rpm, while in China it mainly hovers at 800 ~ 1500 rpm.

(2) The advanced level of fast feed abroad is 20000 ~ 30000mm/min, and it is mainly 6,000 ~10000 mm/min at home.

(3) The foreign advanced horizontal positioning accuracy is 0.0151000 mm, and the repeated positioning accuracy is 0.003 ~ 0.007 mm. The domestic product positioning accuracy is 0.025/ 1000mm, and the repeated positioning accuracy is 0.01~ 0.0/kl. .

(4) The reliability, accuracy, stability, versatility, flexibility and intelligence of other machine tools are not as good as those of foreign manufacturers, and there is also a gap in appearance quality.

Although the technology of domestic manufacturers is slightly lower than the advanced level of foreign countries, they have great advantages in manufacturing capacity and price, especially the ultra-heavy machine tools have reached the contemporary international advanced level. We believe that China heavy machine tool manufacturing will gradually narrow the gap with scientific and technological progress and hard work.

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