Analysis of the Party Library in the Republic of China: the Rise and Development of China Library in the Republic of China

[Abstract] The party-based library in the Republic of China was a combination of party-based educational thoughts and library practice. It shoulders the mission of party education, has a strong political color, and is unique in the library cause of the Republic of China. The formation of the party library in the Republic of China was not achieved overnight, but it was a process of ideological gestation, promotion from all walks of life and multi-path construction.

[Keywords]

Party library; Party education; During the Republic of China; Library History [Chinese Library Classification Number] ］G259? 296 [document identification code] a

[article number] 15-641 (212) 4-1-4?

during the Republic of China, in order to implement the policy of "ruling the country by the party", the Kuomintang vigorously publicized the party's righteousness in the field of education and culture, and implemented party education. As a social educational and cultural institution, the library is the most common in society and the closest to the people, and is regarded as an ideal position for party education by the Kuomintang. Under this background, the party-oriented library, which takes "propagating the party's righteousness" as its own responsibility and "promoting party-oriented education" as its mission, came into being. However, the formation of the party-based library is not achieved overnight, and it has a process of ideological gestation, promotion from all walks of life and multi-path construction. Among them, the idea of party-oriented library was conceived in the ideological trend of party-oriented education, and then further developed under the discussion of Mr. Li Xiaoyuan and Mr. Du Dingyou. Under the impetus of the national government and the library industry, the construction of the party-oriented library is carried out from the aspects of establishing the party-oriented library, collecting books on party righteousness, and banning publications that endanger the party and the country. ?

1. What is the ideological development of the party library?

1.1 ideological origin-ideological trend of party education?

since its reorganization in 1924, the Kuomintang has put forward the idea of "ruling the country by the party" after a comprehensive survey of the domestic and international situation. It is believed that if China wants to stand tall in the world and have a free and equal status, all its citizens must stand together under a doctrine and work hard. Applying this principle of * * * unity, establishing a national foundation and building a group of businesses, is to govern the country with the party. ? ［1］1? Under the principle of governing the country by the party, education is as important as or more important than other undertakings, and it is necessary to be party-oriented. ? ［1］2? Party-oriented education began. ?

the essence of the party education in the Republic of China (later renamed "Three People's Principles Education") was the Nationalization of education. It aims at "realizing the Three People's Principles", and requires not only adding the words of the Three People's Principles to textbooks, but also posting several proclamations of the Three People's Principles in educational administrative organs, but permeating all aspects of education. ? ［2］? This kind of party education, which was intended to consolidate and strengthen the rule of the Kuomintang, met with fierce opposition from the intellectual elite represented by Ren Hongjuan and Cai Yuanpei at that time. However, with the active promotion of the national government, the party education has quickly formed a social trend of thought, sweeping all fields of social education. Not only has the school become the hardest hit area of party education, but even the library, which has always upheld the spirit of independence, has been involved. Under the gestation of the ideological trend of Party-oriented education, the Party-oriented library thought initially took shape. ?

1.2 ideological development-represented by Li and Du?

in order to keep pace with the current situation of "ruling the country by the party" and cooperate with the Kuomintang to carry out party education, the library circles in the Republic of China developed the idea of party-based libraries, among which Li Xiaoyuan and Du Dingyou were the most comprehensive and influential. ?

At the beginning of p>1926, Mr. Li Xiaoyuan's party library thought had been formed. After a year's thinking and improvement, it was published in the form of "National Library Plan" in March 1927. The main content of Li Xiaoyuan's party library thought is to set up the National Zhongshan Library. He believes that Dr. Sun Yat-sen has made great contributions to the Republic of China, and should set up a special library to commemorate and carry forward Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary spirit. The National Sun Yat-sen Library should pay attention to the establishment of a special collection to commemorate Mr. Sun Yat-sen, and search for his works and other books related to the party's righteousness, so as to realize the party education function of the library. ? ［3］217? Li Xiaoyuan's idea of the National Sun Yat-sen Library should be said to be quite in line with Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles and adapt to the basic theory of Kuomintang party education. ?

Almost at the same time as Li Xiaoyuan, Du Dingyou, another famous library scientist in the Republic of China, also publicly put forward the idea of building a party library. In 1927, Du Dingyou published the article "Library and Party Education" in the Journal of Political Education, saying that "it seems indispensable to run a party-oriented library if we want to complete party education". ? ［4］48? In 1942, Du Dingyou further published the article "Books and Politics" in the Journal of the Chinese Library Association, saying: "Books are the crystallization of ideas and the messengers of culture. We want to build a country and promote politics. Books are an important tool. ..... The responsibility of the library is to convey the will of the government ... The library is by no means a vassal organ, which can whitewash the luxury of peace, but a political organ with the mission of the times and independent performance. " ? ［5］1—3? Du Dingyou's exposition objectively matched the Kuomintang's party-oriented education theory, and the two complemented each other, which played a certain role in promoting the construction of party-oriented libraries. ?

As a famous librarian in the Republic of China, whether it is Li Xiaoyuan or Du Dingyou, their opinions basically represent a voice in the library industry, that is, they support the idea of party education to lead the development of library cause. It can be said that at the ideological level, the party library thought has matured, and it is not far from being put into practice. ?

2. what is the driving force for the development of the party-based library?

The thought of Party-oriented library is rudimentary under the gestation of Party-oriented educational thoughts. Later, in the discussion of Li, Du and others, it tends to be mature. However, the maturity of the party-oriented library thought only laid a theoretical foundation for the establishment of the party-oriented library. The final completion of the party-oriented library still needs a certain thrust. ?

2.1 external force-actively promoted by the Kuomintang?

As an important social, cultural and educational institution, the library has a close relationship with the public and has a good social education effect. In view of this, the Kuomintang pays special attention to the use of libraries for party education. This is reflected in the Kuomintang's party propaganda and the implementation of the Ministry of Education. For example, as early as 1929, the Kuomintang propaganda meeting drew up a plan to set up a central library as the Kuomintang library to collect books about the Kuomintang and its government. On June 5th of the same year, the National Propaganda Conference of China Kuomintang was held in Nanjing to discuss "how to implement the case of building libraries by party departments in various provinces and cities". ? ［6］11? It can be seen that the Kuomintang attaches great importance to the construction of party-based libraries. However, this kind of library does not serve the people, but the political parties, which runs counter to the public spirit of the library. ?

the Kuomintang not only attaches importance to the construction of party-based libraries in propaganda, but also actively promotes them in practical work. In September 1931, the "Principles for the Implementation of the Three People's Principles Education" adopted by the Third Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang further stipulated that libraries and newspapers should "prepare more books about the party's righteousness". ? ［7］357? The party education function of the library has been further strengthened. The Ministry of Education is also quite active in implementing the party library policy. In 1941, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Measures for Popularizing National Book Education", which stipulated that the principle of purchasing books in county and city libraries and township reading rooms should first be "developing the Three People's Principles". ? ［7］363? At this point, with the active promotion of the Kuomintang, the party-based library system has basically taken shape from the central government to the local government. ?

2.2 internal force-the adjustment of the library industry to meet?

Objectively speaking, apart from the active promotion of the Kuomintang, the library community also took the initiative in this process and became one of the promoters of the party library. Wenyin Education Bureau proposed at the meeting of expanding education in the middle and large regions in 1928: "Please invite provincial and county libraries and popular libraries to add roving lectures and libraries to advocate reading movement and publicize party education". ? ［8］? At the first annual meeting of the China Library Association in 1929, Jiang Jinghuan, Suzhou Library in Central China, explained in detail the relationship between the library and the party-oriented education: "All the people under the party rule have no improper understanding of the party's righteousness; This party education is also important. Now that our country is ruling the country by the party, the significance of the party discipline, the party program, the Three People's Principles and the Five-Power Constitution should be publicized as much as possible, so that the people can have a thorough understanding and have no doubt. ..... However, at the beginning of the political training, how should we promote the party's righteousness? Give play to the party's purpose? It is said that libraries are the most common in society and the closest to the people. No matter how big or small the library is, regardless of urban or rural areas, it is advisable to prepare more books, pictures, slogans, explanations, etc. about the party. Or ad hoc revolutionary library, party book department. Depending on the situation of readers everywhere, the quality is different; Make sure that the people are influenced by the party's righteousness day by day and feel that the party is unconscious; Then the future of the party and the country is really beneficial. " ? ［9］? Jiang Jinghuan's annual meeting paper not only analyzes the necessity of party education, but also interprets the role of libraries in party education. Jiang Jinghuan is a representative of Suzhou Library in Central China. His remarks catered to the Kuomintang's party-oriented education policy at that time and were undoubtedly welcomed by the Kuomintang. ?