What is the goal of reforming my country’s social security management system?

Currently, China’s social security system construction has both excessive and insufficient security, narrow coverage, inconsistent security standards, overlapping functions and poor connection between the various components of the system, and frequent conflicts among system subjects. Institutional construction lags behind the economic development process and many other shortcomings. In order to meet the requirements of building a harmonious society, the construction of the future social security system must form a positive interaction with economic development and social development. Each component within the system must have a clear division of labor and complementary functions, and the interests of all relevant subjects within the system must be coordinated.

(1) Improve the social security system

Social security includes social insurance, social welfare, social assistance and social pensions. Social insurance also includes pension social insurance, unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance. and medical insurance, etc. Improving the social security system undoubtedly requires gradually increasing social security projects and improving social security functions. At the same time, it is also necessary to correctly grasp the timing of the development of social security projects.

1. Start by establishing a sound social relief system. At present, our country has established a minimum living security system in cities, but rural social relief is mainly limited to relief for households with five guarantees, extremely poor households, and disaster relief. Moreover, relief for households with five guarantees also takes the form of collective support, support from relatives and friends, and voluntary support. There are many different ways to make offerings, and there is no unified model. To improve the rural social relief system, we should start to establish a rural minimum living security system. To this end, a minimum income line for rural residents should be determined based on local minimum living expense standards. For rural residents whose income does not meet this standard, the government will provide subsidies. If the local government's financial resources are insufficient to meet the minimum living security payment needs of rural residents, the central government should provide transfer payments. The central government should increase funding for rural social security systems.

2. Priority should be given to improving the compulsory education system and the financial aid system for poor college students, and increasing financial investment in vocational training for migrant workers and laid-off workers. Human resources are the first resource for long-term sustainable economic development. Increasing education expenditures and improving the quality of citizens are important experiences for many countries to achieve successful economic development. Education also directly affects the future career and income level of individual members of society. The difference in education level is an important reason for the income difference among residents. Therefore, providing free basic education and subsidizing higher education for poor students have become important measures for many countries to eliminate poverty, promote social equity, and develop the economy. From the perspective of the international community, more than 170 countries that have declared compulsory education have all declared it to be free. Our country's "Compulsory Education Law" stipulates that tuition fees are exempted, but the implementation rules of the "Compulsory Education Law" also stipulate that miscellaneous fees can be charged, which cannot be regarded as completely compulsory education. Recently, our country has announced that starting from 2007, students from poor families in rural compulsory education across the country will be able to enjoy "two exemptions and one subsidy" (free of miscellaneous fees, free of book fees, and subsidies for boarding students' living expenses). This alone is not enough, all compulsory education should be made free as soon as possible. Our country implements a bank loan system for poor students in colleges and universities, and the government only implements a scholarship system for outstanding poor students. This system confuses the boundaries between the welfare system, the business system, and the reward system. The government should implement grant funding, interest-free loan funding, and low-interest funding from the government based on the poverty level of the students. The government can encourage commercial banks to issue educational consumer credit by subsidizing interest rates, but it should respect the operational autonomy of commercial banks.

3. Efforts should be made to establish a prevention and control system for major public infectious diseases. The major public infectious diseases mentioned here include schistosomiasis, AIDS, SARS, infectious hepatitis, etc. Among them, for some major public infectious diseases such as schistosomiasis, AIDS, and SARS, the government should provide free treatment to patients; for some major public infectious diseases such as infectious hepatitis, the government should vaccinate residents free of charge. vaccine.

4. Re-choose the development model of pension insurance and medical insurance. On the basis of "separating the overall accounts" between urban residents' pension insurance and medical insurance, we will provide rural residents with socially coordinated pension and medical insurance step by step. Taking pension insurance as an example, the so-called "separation of accounts" refers to the separation of social pension insurance and individual pension funds, and adopt different methods of financing, fund operation, payment and supervision. Socially coordinated pension insurance is sufficient for income redistribution with the state as the main body. The purpose is to meet the basic living needs of elderly members of society, and therefore should cover elderly rural residents.

The purpose of personal pension fund accounts is to force individuals to make pension savings to prevent individuals from being "short-sighted" in pensions, rather than to implement income redistribution, so it can be implemented in areas where conditions permit. The funds required for social coordinated pension insurance are raised through the collection of pension insurance taxes. Regardless of whether they are rural or urban residents, if their income reaches a certain standard, they should pay pension insurance taxes; and after reaching a certain age, they can receive unified pension insurance benefits from the government. Taking into account the affordability of the society, the payment standards for rural elderly can be lower, and a step-by-step approach can be adopted: In the first step, the scope of coordinated pension insurance can be expanded to rural one-child families. Rural residents with only one child can enjoy the coordinated pension insurance provided by the government when they enter old age. This will not only relieve the worries of these rural residents, but also encourage more rural families to have only one child and optimize the structure of the new population. The second step is to expand the coordinated pension insurance to all farmers engaged in grain production. The third step is to expand the coordinated pension insurance to all elderly rural residents.

(2) Promote the reform and adjustment of relevant systems and policies

The degree of demand for social security by social members is closely related to the employment status: if workers can be fully employed, and the employed If the income obtained can reach or exceed the level that meets their basic living standards, the pressure on social security will be relatively light; on the contrary, if workers cannot be fully employed, or the income obtained from employment is too low, the pressure on social security will be great. Therefore, to correctly handle the relationship between social security and employment, employment expansion should be given top priority. The protection of workers' rights and interests should be strengthened. Not only should the minimum wage system be effectively implemented, but legislation should also be passed to clarify the responsibilities of enterprises for workers' work-related injuries, medical care, and pensions. Legislation should be passed to restrict the behavior of enterprises in hiring or firing employees. Contracts between enterprises and employees should be signed in accordance with the law, and the provisions of the labor contract should be strictly abided by. Arbitrary staff reductions should not be made to reduce costs.

Efforts must be made to build a public financial system that is compatible with the market economy. The basic function of public finance is to maintain social equity. In addition to meeting the needs of administration, national defense and necessary expenditures, public fiscal expenditures should focus on social security. To this end, finance should withdraw from the general competitive investment field; fiscal public investment should be mainly used for the construction of social welfare facilities such as welfare hospitals, primary and secondary schools, nursing homes, etc. Investment in non-welfare public infrastructure should be Try to attract social capital as much as possible; fiscal expenditures for education should focus on compulsory education and funding poor students in colleges and universities, rather than the development of high-level universities; fiscal expenditures on social security welfare should mainly be used to fund or subsidize low-income students. income earners, not high earners.

We must reform the household registration management system that separates urban and rural areas, eliminate various barriers for rural residents to work in cities, and include migrant workers within the coverage of the urban social security system. There are 900 million rural residents in my country's 1.4 billion population. Coordinating the development of cities and rural areas is impossible without the transfer of rural residents to cities and the transfer of agricultural labor to non-agricultural fields. my country's current separation of urban and rural household registration management system has seriously hindered the process of urbanization in my country, causing my country's urbanization process to seriously lag behind the industrialization process. At the same time, the separation of urban and rural household registration management systems is also an important basis for a series of institutional differences between urban and rural social security and other systems, leading to discrimination against the civil rights of rural residents. This unreasonable system unique to the world must be completely broken. Rural residents should be given the right to move freely between urban and rural areas