Museum design concept (that is, foundation)

Museum architecture represents the level of architecture and architectural design in a period and a region.

Based on the analysis of typical examples of modern museum architecture at home and abroad, and on the basis of previous design theory and practice, this paper analyzes the factors that modern museum architecture design pays attention to, studies the concept of modern museum architecture design, and discusses the trend of museum architecture design concept.

The Constitution of the International Association of Museums defines a museum as "the collection, preservation, research, dissemination and display of objects related to human beings and their living environment for the purpose of research, education and appreciation."

A non-profit permanent institution open to the public to serve social development.

The corresponding museum building is a specialized building that serves the purpose, function, function and nature of the museum.

A modern museum is a region and a city.

The holy land of urban culture and art is the spiritual temple of modern people.

Modern museum architecture is often a landmark building of a region or city, representing the architecture and architectural design level of a region or city.

Because of its function, museum architecture

Due to the complexity and originality of form and the extraordinary expectation of society, its architectural design is the most difficult, creative and challenging among all kinds of buildings.

With the development of human society and economy and the progress of science and technology

With the improvement of cultural demand, people put forward more and higher requirements for museums, which provides a huge development space for the construction of modern museums, and also puts forward higher requirements for museum architectural design and modern natural history.

The architectural design concept of the museum is also constantly updated and developed.

Architectural design concept is the basic design idea and concept determined by the architect according to the nature, function, environment and requirements of the design project, and it is a completely perfect design concept.

Graphics is the procedure of architectural creation.

The concept of architectural design is that architects investigate, analyze, study, judge, summarize and refine the architectural nature, use function, environment and design requirements of design projects in the early stage of design.

Gradually clear and clear.

When the design concept is established, creativity will have ideas, ideas will have a basis, and design will have goals.

Therefore, the design concept is very important and critical for architectural design.

Architectural design concept reflects architects.

Pay attention to the factors affecting architecture.

In architectural creation, the emphasis on environment, function, art and technology has formed several architectural creation concepts, namely, the architectural design concept that pays attention to environmental factors and functional factors.

Architectural design concept, architectural design concept that pays attention to artistic factors, and architectural design concept that pays attention to technical factors.

Similarly, these architectural creation ideas also exist in the architectural design of modern museums.

1 Design theory focusing on environmental factors.

Memorial hall, like other buildings, exists in the architectural environment, and the architectural design is carried out in the objective environment. The design process is also a process of understanding, utilizing, transforming and creating the environment.

The importance of architecture is self-evident.

The scope of the built environment ranges from the area and city where the building is located to the surrounding buildings and building foundations.

The architectural environment includes natural geographical environment and humanistic historical environment.

Different natural history

Different buildings, different building environments, and different degrees of closeness between buildings and the environment have different influences on buildings.

For a specific museum or a specific environment, pay attention to the environmental factors of the museum and focus on the building and environment.

Relationship is an important concept in museum architectural design.

1. 1 concept of integration with natural geographical environment Modern museums are often built in beautiful nature because of their cultural and entertainment characteristics.

With the development of mankind

The gradual understanding of the natural environment of life and the concept of sustainable development are deeply rooted in people's hearts. The design concept of paying attention to the integration of museum and environment and emphasizing the harmony between architecture and nature has attracted more and more attention from architects. In modern museums,

Often reflected in architectural design works.

The Swiss Baierle Museum is an example of this design concept.

This is a small art museum in Basel. The building base has a beautiful environment and is surrounded by green trees.

Lin, also adjacent to a villa historic site.

The design of renzo piano, a famous Italian contemporary architect, makes the museum very harmonious with its surroundings.

The design of the museum is open, and the transition between the building and the environment is natural, without cutting.

On the other hand, the architectural image is relatively simple, not deliberately conspicuous, giving people a calm and rigorous feeling, making it fully integrated into the natural environment, reflecting the harmony between architecture and nature.

The Ark Museum of Modern Art in Copenhagen, Denmark was built in southern Iraq.

On the edge of the bay in the social base area, the base is surrounded by lakes, beaches and lawns, far away from the city, natural and wild, and in a poetic nature.

In order to protect this green grassland and quiet beach from man-made buildings.

Bad, a student of architecture at that time, Seren Robert Lund designed the museum as a ship naturally moored at the seaside, and the museum became a landscape building in the bay and a part of the island.

Buildings and beaches, water

The water surface and seabirds blend together to form a quiet natural picture, which expresses the design concept of harmony between architecture and natural environment.

1.2 The concept of harmony with the humanistic and historical environment. Museums are treasures of human cultural and natural heritage. Because modern museums involve human history, the construction land should be selected in the environment related to human history.

In China, architects often take the attitude of respecting cultural and historical factors and design the concept of harmony between museum architecture and environment.

The Museum of Modern Art in Frankfurt, Germany is built near an old church in the center of the old city.

The ground in the middle of the street is an irregular triangle.

Austrian architect Hans Hollein covered the whole plot with a complete and concise triangular block, which is called "cake".

After being used in architectural modeling,

Modern architectural technology has added some fragments of historical buildings, and the materials and colors of the museum are similar to those of the surrounding buildings. The design emphasizes the harmony with the traditional neighborhood environment such as the old church nearby.

The new Suzhou Museum was also built in 1989.

In the historical building environment, it is close to Zhongwangfu, a national key cultural relic protection unit of Suzhou ancient city, and Humble Administrator's Garden, a world cultural heritage.

Due to the unique environmental location of this museum, it will be a success to deal with the relationship between the new museum and Zhongyi Palace and Humble Administrator's Garden.

The key to the design of the whole museum.

I.M. Pei, a famous Chinese-American architect, respects and maintains the historical and cultural features of Zhongyi Palace, Humble Administrator's Garden and the surrounding environment in his design, and adopts "China New, Soviet New" and "not too high or too big".

The concept of "outstanding" combines modernity with tradition, adopts the space and color of Suzhou traditional architecture, integrates the new museum with the architectural environment of the original Zhongyi Palace and Humble Administrator's Garden, and highlights modern architecture with concise lines and blocks.

Personality.

The Great Egypt Museum in Giza, which is under construction in Egypt, was designed by China architect Peng, and solved the biggest problem of the Great Egypt Museum: how to build a museum next to the pyramids in Giza, one of the birthplaces of architecture.

Matching new buildings.

The exterior wall of the museum is decorated with a transparent stone from Italy, which can not only absorb natural light, but also isolate the outdoor high temperature.

Such a bright exterior wall is in harmony with the surrounding pyramids.

Body.

The roof of the museum is also made of transparent metal, which can save energy and shade the sun.

During the day, the interior of the museum can be directly illuminated; At night, the whole room is bright because of the lighting on the outer wall.

Meanwhile, in the museum,

Anywhere, you can see three designers of the Great Pyramid: Khufu, Mercery Yunus and Zifen. They don't emphasize the architectural modeling of the museum, but try to make it talk to the pyramids and skillfully express their views on the surrounding environment with architecture.

Respect.

2 Design concept of paying attention to functional factors Architectural function mainly refers to people's requirements for the use and safety of the internal space of the building, which is the most direct purpose of architectural design.

The basic function of a museum building is to collect collections.

Preservation, research, dissemination and exhibition provide applicable and safe internal space and conditions.

With the development of society, people have higher and higher requirements for the functions of modern museums.

Attach importance to the diversification and modernization of museum building functions

Humanization and humanization are the basic concepts of modern museum design.

2. 1 the idea of adapting to the diversity of social needs Modern museums not only collect cultural relics and specimens, but also conduct scientific research and hold exhibitions.

In addition to the basic functions of browsing and disseminating historical, scientific and cultural knowledge, architecture and design pay more and more attention to the multi-functions of museums such as education, communication, tourism, leisure, commerce and entertainment, which embodies the concept of adapting to the diversity of social needs.

Kanazawa 2 1 Century Art Museum, located in downtown Kanazawa, Japan, was jointly built by Japanese architects Shimei Ishishima and Shihe Nishizawa.

This art gallery was built at the end of Japan's bubble economy era, and many existing art venues have been seriously affected.

How to attract more people into the art museum has become one of the key considerations in the design of the art museum.

Kanazawa 2 1 Century Art Museum is not only designed as an art exhibition venue, but also integrates exhibition, performance, communication, education and commerce.

Multifunctional in one.

The Getty Center, designed by the famous American architect richard meier, is a multi-functional museum complex. In addition to the exhibition hall in the center of the museum, there are also art education colleges and art colleges.

It adapts to the different functions of humanities research institute, information center, catering center and administrative office.

Due to the diversification of functions, Getty Center attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists to Los Angeles every year, except for visiting.

The museum also regards it as a tourist attraction, making the comprehensive museum a cultural tourism activity center.

2.2 The concept of focusing on functional modernization and humanization was put forward by Jean-Marie of AREP Company in France.

The new Capital Museum, designed by Cui Kai of Duthilleul in cooperation with China Architectural Design and Research Institute, not only expresses "the museum is a place connecting history, modernity and future" in the design concept, but also,

In terms of function, equipment and technology, it emphasizes "people-oriented, cultural relics-oriented and serving the society".

The architectural design of the new museum focuses on enriching the exhibition space, improving the service facilities, creating an elegant visiting environment and embodying modern functions.

Humanization and service.

The new museum has achieved the goal of becoming a large-scale modern comprehensive museum that comprehensively displays Beijing's long history, splendid culture, exquisite cultural relics, contemporary construction achievements and social city features.

3 attention

The design concept of emphasizing artistic factors The artistry of architecture refers to some aesthetic characteristics and concepts experienced by architectural forms and environmental spaces.

The artistry of architectural works reflects the cultural value of architecture, a building with cultural connotation.

Architecture can promote the development of society and urban culture and affect people's aesthetics and values.

The cultural connotation and substantive significance reflected by architecture are expressed through the concrete forms of architecture.

The basic function of a museum is to collect and exhibit people.

Museum architecture, like culture and art, is the most artistic and cultural value.

The artistry of museum architecture is the most important design factor for designers, and paying attention to artistry is particularly prominent in the design of museum architecture.

The concept of.

3. 1 The idea of pursuing symbolic image of landmark buildings is the design pursuit of almost all particularly important buildings.

As a sacred place of regional and urban culture and art, museums have the most reason to be required.

Designed as a landmark building.

The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, designed by the famous Swiss architect mario botta, is located between three skyscrapers and cannot be compared with the surrounding buildings in height.

In order to explore the complex urban landscape

Designers use symmetrical geometric shapes and red traditional masonry materials to create the iconic image of the art museum, the most prominent feature of which is a 38-meter-high cylindrical zebra striped sky.

Windows, light can shine directly from the roof to the bottom.

Its unconventional appearance shows the artistic spirit of San Francisco and embodies the cultural temperament of the city.

3.2 the pursuit of sculpture architectural modeling concept of building furniture

It has artistic attributes.

As a plastic art, architectural form often pursues the sense and charm of sculpture.

In the design of museums, there are many successful cases of pursuing sculpture modeling.

East of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, USA

The shape of the museum consists of an isosceles triangle and a right triangle, and the west facade is cut into a huge H-shape, which echoes the symmetrical layout and rigorous and orderly neoclassical style of the old National Art Museum on the west side.

I.M. Pei achieved harmony with the old museum with the axis coincident with the old museum, the symmetrical west facade and the same decorative materials as the original museum. At the same time, with its sculptural geometry, it highlights the modernist architectural style of the East Pavilion and won.

Strong artistic effect, known as the "peak of achievement" of modernist architecture.

200 1 The Manchester War Museum in England was designed by American architect Daniel Libeskind. It is made up of land, water and air.

The museum consists of three blocks, conveying the destruction of the earth by war.

The biggest feature of the museum's modeling is that it consists of three huge arc-shaped plates, which are very sculptural and can be seen from any direction.

Point, with strong shock and artistic expression.

3.3 The concept of expressing emotions and thoughts with architectural art The Jewish Museum in Berlin is another famous museum building designed by daniel libeskind.

The biggest feature of museum design is the architectural artistic effect formed by repeated sharp corners and narrow slits everywhere, which expresses the bumpy course and suffering of Jews.

As a lucky person born in the Holocaust,

Liebskin, the Jewish architect of the survivor's family, is right

Have a deeper understanding of the holocaust suffered by Jews. In the design of the museum, its design concept is to express the feelings and understanding of Jews in the form of strong architectural art.

3.4 Datong

The idea of seeking a unique architectural image 1997 The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, designed by American architect Frank Gehry, is strange, weird, romantic, beautiful and full of * * *.

It's like

Flames are burning, just like flowers blooming on the water facing the sun, and like marine life growing in the water.

This architectural work is full of exciting, quiet and implicit poetry in Spanish culture, which fascinates the whole world.

Thousands of people.

Its completion has attracted many tourists and brought vitality and vigor to this city on the verge of silence.

Its unique architectural image makes it a landmark building as famous as the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Sydney Opera House.

Build.

Philip johnson, the leader of American architecture, declared, "This is the greatest building of our time.

The Sardinian Museum of Ancient Architecture and Contemporary Art, designed by Zaha Hadid, known as the "Witch of Architecture", has been completed.

As a strange landmark building in Sardinia, its unique architectural style has injected vitality into Italy's too dull Sardinia.

Hadid's unconstrained artistic style museum and unique ancient tower buildings around Sardinia

Complement each other and become a link between historical culture and modern culture.

With the development of modern science and technology, architecture becomes more and more important in function, form, environment and service object.

Coupled with complexity, the scientific and technological content of architecture is getting heavier and heavier, and the development of new technologies, new materials and new structures makes the architectural forms ever-changing.

Museum architecture is also the most representative and prominent type of building technology development, focusing on transportation.

Using new technologies, new materials and new structures has become a new concept of modern museum design.

4. 1 The concept of expressing technical features such as structure and equipment was jointly designed by Italian architect renzo piano and British architect richard rodgers.

Pompidou Cultural Center in France is a completely anti-traditional building, which looks like a huge machine. It shows a brand-new museum-a huge space container with huge bones exposed in a structure and equipment.

The frame provides a uniform space for elastic use.

The exposure of technical equipment, on the one hand, embodies the technical aesthetics, on the other hand, brings the flexibility of indoor space division, and becomes a typical representative of high-tech architectural schools.

4.2 Imitation

The concept of biological architectural form The Milwaukee Museum designed by Santiago Collart Lava in 2000 is an example of using natural biological forms in architecture.

The museum is built by the lake in Michigan, with excellent lakes and mountains.

Beauty, waterfowl soar freely.

The building simulates the image of birds, which can be opened or closed as needed. It is dynamic and vivid, making the building more harmonious with nature and more personalized.

4.3 High-tech

The concept of ecological architecture Yamanashi Fruit Museum in Japan is the representative work of high-tech ecological architecture of Japanese female architect Hsaegawa Itsuko.

This fruit museum uses modern building materials and divides museums according to different functions.

It is divided into three independent buildings, which respectively imitate the three different stages of seed germination and show the continuous reproduction and renewal of everything.

The museum has established an artificial ecosystem suitable for biological growth by using modern technology.

System.

Architects create modern architectural modeling and ecological indoor environment with high-tech architectural means and ecological technology.

conclusion

The architectural design concept of modern museums not only

Paying attention to some factors of environment, function, art and technology often pays attention to the comprehensive consideration of various factors involved in architectural design principles.

The design of Pompidou Cultural Center in Paris not only pays attention to the diversity of museum functions, but also

It is emphasized that the performance characteristics of building structure and equipment are the combination of function and technology.

The architectural concept of Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is not only reflected in the pursuit of architectural symbols and unique shapes, but also in outstanding high-tech buildings.

Technology and building materials are the unity of architectural artistry and technology.

In the newly designed Great Egypt Museum in Giza, the transparent stone wall can not only absorb natural light but also isolate outdoor high temperature, and the transparent roof has the functions of energy saving and shading.

Effect; At the same time, the transparent building skillfully expresses respect for the surrounding pyramid environment, and its design concept emphasizes the integration of functional benefits and environmental factors.

Paying attention to comprehensive factors such as environment, function, art and technology is the direction of museum construction in the future.

The trend of architectural design concept.

The improvement of social function demand, the progress of architectural science and technology, the pursuit of public culture and art, and the concern of human beings for the ecological environment constantly promote the renewal and development of museum architectural design concepts.

study

Studying the concept of museum architecture design is of great significance for improving the level of museum architecture design and promoting the progress and prosperity of museum construction.