What are the applications of nanotechnology in life?

1. application of nanotechnology in life nanotechnology has very important applications in the fields of controlling harmful gases, sewage treatment and automobiles.

1, treatment of harmful gases

Gasoline and diesel oil used in industrial production, as well as gasoline and diesel oil used as automobile fuel, will produce sulfur dioxide gas when burning sulfur-containing compounds, which is the biggest pollution source of sulfur dioxide, so desulfurization technology is used in petroleum refining to reduce its sulfur content.

Nano-titanium dioxide diamond is a very good desulfurization catalyst in the same room. The sulfur content in the oil catalyzed by Cotio is less than 0.0 1%, which meets the international standard.

2. Sludge treatment

Sewage usually contains toxic and harmful substances, suspended solids, sediments, rust, odor pollutants, bacteria and viruses. Sewage treatment is to remove these substances from water. A new nanotechnology can safely extract precious metals such as gold, ruthenium, palladium and platinum from sewage, turning harm into treasure. A new nano-scale water purifier with strong adsorption capacity.

Its adsorption capacity and flocculation capacity are 10~20 times that of common water purifying agent aluminum trichloride.

3. Application in automobile field

More and more plastics will be used in automobile manufacturing. Nano-plastics can change the characteristics of traditional plastics and show excellent physical properties: high strength, strong heat resistance and smaller specific gravity. Because the size of nanoparticles is smaller than the wavelength of visible light, nano-plastics can show good transparency and high gloss, and such nano-plastics will be widely used in automobiles.

The wear resistance of some materials treated by nanotechnology is 27 times that of brass and 7 times that of steel. In addition, besides being recyclable, nano-plastics also have the advantages of long-term ultraviolet resistance, stable color and light weight, and are widely used in automobile parts.

In automobile exterior decoration, it is mainly used for bumper, radiator, chassis, body outer panel, fender, movable roof and other protective tapes, windshield tapes, etc. In the aspect of interior decoration, it is mainly used for instrument panel and interior trim panel, airbag material, etc. Relevant industry experts predict that in the next 20 years, nano-plastics will largely replace the existing automotive plastic products, with considerable market potential.

Extended data:

Over the years, China has made remarkable achievements in the research of nanomaterials and nanostructures. At present, China's achievements in the field of nano-materials science are higher than any other country in the world, which fully proves that China occupies a decisive position in the field of nano-technology. Nano-effect means that nano-materials have strange or abnormal physical and chemical properties that traditional materials do not have.

For example, copper, which is originally conductive, is not conductive when it reaches a certain nanometer limit, while silicon dioxide, crystals and so on. At first, it was insulated and began to conduct electricity at a certain nanometer limit. This is because nano-materials have the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface energy and large proportion of surface atoms, and their three unique effects: surface effect, small size effect and macro quantum tunneling effect.

For solid powder or fiber, when its one-dimensional size is less than 100nm, it can be called nano-material. For ideal spherical particles, when the specific surface area is greater than 60㎡/g, its diameter will be less than 100nm, reaching the nanometer size.

2. Find the composition of nanotechnology in life. It is urgent to hand it in tomorrow. I am a primary school student, living with nanotechnology.

When you hear the word nano, you will think that nano is a technical term, which is far from our life. In fact, nano is around us, in our lives.

You may ask, what is nano? The nanometer (nm) is actually a unit of measurement. Macroscopically, 1 m is equal to 1 million micron, while 1 micron is equal to 1000 nanometer. 1 nanometer is only one billionth of a meter, and the diameter of a human hair is equivalent to 60,000 nanometers. Although nano is small, it is extremely powerful and can affect and change the properties of materials.

On one occasion, Xiaoxing and Mingming had dinner in the canteen. It was hot sparerib soup, hot scrambled eggs with tomatoes and hot rice. They all have four eyes.

The heat of the dish fogged my glasses, so I couldn't see it, so I had to take it off for dinner.

But Xiaoxing's glasses are not foggy at all. Obviously strange, I asked Xiaoxing, "Why is there no' fog' when your glasses touch the food?" "Ha ha." Xiaoxing smiled a few times. "My glasses are advanced!" "Huh?" It's obviously strange. "How advanced?" "My glasses are coated with nano-paint! That's why there will be no fog. " "Oh, I see." It suddenly dawned on me.

When Mingming came to Xiaoxing's house, Xiaoxing poured Mingming a glass of water with a ceramic cup. Xiaoxing told Mingming to sit down. Yao Minggang sat down and accidentally knocked over the teacup. The teacup fell to the ground, the tea turned over, but the teacup was unscathed. Obviously strange, "how did this happen?" Mingming asked, "Can you do magic?" "Ha ha, no .. This is also the use of nanotechnology to make ceramics superplastic, greatly enhancing the toughness of ceramics, not afraid of falling, not afraid of breaking, ceramics are extremely strong." "wow! Obviously, you are great. You use so much nanotechnology in your life. It seems that nanotechnology is everywhere in your life! "

Xiaoxing said: "Nano household appliances, nano radiation protection suits, nano ultraviolet protection cosmetics and nano sun umbrellas are all true!"

Students, nanotechnology has been integrated into our lives, right?

3. What can nanotechnology be used for?

Academician * *, Vice President of China Academy of Sciences and Director of Academic Committee of Nanotechnology Research Center, said: "The development of electronic technology has changed the life style of human beings in the 20th century. Modern information technology has a great influence on people's lives, and nanotechnology will greatly affect people's lives in 2 1 century, and its influence will be much higher than that of computer technology, which will be an unexpected effect. "

Nanotechnology seems mysterious, but it is actually very close to us.

In daily life, in the near future, people don't have to wash clothes with waterproof and oil-proof nano-materials, and this kind of clothes is very comfortable to wear, unlike raincoats; The red flag made of this material will fly high outdoors even if it rains. Coating nano-coatings on various plastics, metals, lacquerware, even polished marble, glass walls of buildings and TV screens will have the effects of antifouling and dustproof, and it is scratch-resistant, wear-resistant and fireproof. In the cold winter, wearing glasses coated with nano-coating can prevent people from entering the room from the outside. Tableware such as teacups made of nano-materials will not be easily broken. If antibacterial substances are nano-treated, they can be added in the production process to make antibacterial daily necessities, such as antibacterial underwear and antibacterial teacups that have appeared in the market now. If nanotechnology is applied to cosmetics, the effect of skin care and beauty will be better. How to make anti-fading lipstick can develop high-grade cosmetics that can prevent scalding.

In medical treatment, nanoparticles will make the transportation of drugs in the human body more convenient. Smart drugs wrapped in several layers of nanoparticles can actively search and attack cancer cells or repair damaged tissues after entering the human body. Wrapping nanoparticles around artificial organs can prevent rejection after transplantation; New diagnostic instruments using nanotechnology can diagnose various diseases by using protein and DNA in a small amount of blood. With the nano-medical robot entering the human body through blood vessels, the pain of patients' surgery will be greatly reduced.

In the field of electronic information, nanotechnology will play a more important role. Nanotechnology will increase the capacity and speed of VLSI by 65,438+0,000 times and reduce its volume by 65,438+0,000 times. It can be predicted that after the widespread use of nano-materials, the computer will process information faster and more efficiently, and will become a real "handheld computer". Twenty or thirty years later, nano made the library as big as a lollipop; Nanotechnology will develop personal office systems, so that we don't have to go to work every day.

Nanotechnology will also make great achievements in energy, transportation and environmental protection. Batteries made of nanomaterials are small, but they can store a lot of energy. By then, cars can run on the street by battery power like toy cars at present. Tires made of nano-materials will be more wear-resistant and anti-slip, which can reduce traffic accidents. Small planes made of nano-materials will make planes enter homes like cars, and traffic jams may become a thing of the past. In the field of environmental science, nano-films with unique functions will appear, which can detect the pollution caused by chemical and biological agents and eliminate the pollution through filtration.

Nanotechnology will change people's clothing, food, housing, transportation, medicine, production, entertainment and other aspects, and the current high-tech fields such as computers, networks and genetic engineering will also face changes. Nanotechnology brings the fifth industrial revolution of human society. The arrival of the nano era will make our life and work more arbitrary.

What is nanotechnology?

. Nanometer is the unit of length, and the symbol is nm. 1 nm = 10-9 m (one billionth of a meter), which is about the length of 10 atoms. Suppose that a hair has a diameter of 0.05 mm and is divided into 50,000 hairs on average in the radial direction, and the thickness of each hair is about 1nm.

. 1, the meaning of nanotechnology

The so-called nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1~ 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists found that several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules isolated on the nanometer scale show many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology.

The main differences between nanotechnology and microelectronics are: nanotechnology studies the realization of specific functions of equipment by controlling single atoms and molecules, and it works by using the fluctuation of electrons; Microelectronics technology mainly realizes its function by controlling the population of electrons and works by using the particle nature of electrons. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire micro-world.

Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology. From 65438 to 0993, the International Steering Committee of Nanotechnology divided nanotechnology into six sub-disciplines: nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanofabrication and nanometrology. Among them, nano-physics and nano-chemistry are the theoretical basis of nano-technology, and nano-electronics is the most important content of nano-technology.

4. Application of nanotechnology 3. 1 Application of nanotechnology in ceramics As one of the three pillars of materials, ceramic materials play an important role in daily life and industrial production.

However, the traditional ceramic materials are brittle, poor in toughness and strength, and their applications are greatly limited. With the wide application of nanotechnology, nano-ceramics are produced, hoping to overcome the brittleness of ceramic materials and make ceramics as flexible and machinable as metals.

Cahn, a British material scientist, pointed out that nano-ceramics are a strategic way to solve the brittleness of ceramics. Nano-ceramics refer to ceramic materials with nano-scale microstructure, that is to say, grain size, grain boundary width, second phase distribution and defect size are all on the nano-scale level.

The preparation of nano-ceramics needs to be solved: the control of powder size, morphology and particle size distribution, and the control and dispersion of aggregates. Control block shape, defects, roughness and composition.

Gleiter pointed out that if polycrystalline ceramics are composed of grains with a size of several nanometers, they can become ductile at low temperature and can undergo normal deformation of 100%. It is also found that nano-TiO2 _ 2 ceramic materials have excellent toughness at room temperature and will not crack when bent at 180℃.

Many experts believe that if we can solve the technical problem of restraining grain growth in the sintering process of single-phase nano-ceramics, so as to control the grain size of nano-ceramics below 50 nanometers, it will have incomparable advantages such as high hardness, high toughness, low temperature superplasticity and easy processing. Shanghai Silicate Research Institute started early in the preparation of nano-ceramics. It is found that nano 3Y-TZP ceramics (about 100nm) undergo cyclic tensile test at room temperature, and the fracture area of nano 3Y-TZP samples undergoes local superplastic deformation, the deformation amount is as high as 380%, and a large number of slip lines that usually appear on metal fractures are observed from the fracture side.

Tatsuki et al. conducted tensile creep experiments on the prepared Al2O3-SiC nanocomposites. The results showed that with the grain boundary sliding, nano-SiC particles at the grain boundary of Al2O3 rotated and embedded into Al2O3 grains, thus enhancing the resistance of grain boundary sliding, that is, improving the creep ability of Al2O3-SiC nanocomposites. Although there are still many key technologies to be solved, nano-ceramics have excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature, bending strength and fracture toughness, which make them widely used in tools, bearings, automobile engine parts and many other aspects. They play an irreplaceable role in many harsh environments such as ultra-high temperature and strong corrosion, and have broad application prospects.

3.2 Application of Nanotechnology in Microelectronics Nanoelectronics is an important part of nanotechnology. Its main idea is to design and prepare nano-quantum devices based on the quantum effect of nanoparticles, including nano-ordered (disordered) array system, nano-particle and microporous solid assembly system and nano-superstructure assembly system. The ultimate goal of nanoelectronics is to further shrink integrated circuits and develop various devices composed of single atoms or molecules that can be used at room temperature.

At present, various nanodevices have been successfully developed by using nanoelectronics. Ultra-micro magnetic field detectors made of single electron transistors, red, green and blue tunable nano light-emitting diodes, nanowires and giant magnetoresistance effect have come out.

In addition, the successful development of carbon nanotubes with unique properties has played a key role in the development of nanoelectronics. Carbon nanotubes are formed by curling graphite carbon atoms, and the radial scale layer is controlled below 100nm.

The motion of electrons in carbon nanotubes is confined in the radial direction, showing a typical quantum confinement effect, but not in the axial direction. Using carbon nanotubes as a mold to prepare one-dimensional semiconductor quantum materials is not imaginary. Professor Fan Shoushan of Tsinghua University used carbon nanotubes to limit the gas phase reaction in nanotubes, thus growing semiconductor nanowires.

They put the mixed powder of silicon and silicon dioxide at the bottom of the crucible of quartz tube, heated it and introduced N2. Si3N4 nanowires were grown by the reaction between silicon dioxide gas and N2 in carbon nanotubes, and their radial dimensions were 4 ~ 40 nm.

In addition, in 1997, they also prepared GaN nanowires. From 65438 to 0998, the research team cooperated with Stanford University in the United States to realize the self-organized growth of carbon nanotube arrays on silicon substrates for the first time in the world, which will greatly promote the application of carbon nanotubes in field emission plane display.

Its unique electrical properties enable carbon nanotubes to be used in large-scale integrated circuits, superconducting wires and other fields. As early as 1989, scientists from IBM had successfully moved the xenon atom with the probe on the tunneling scanning microscope, and used it to spell out the three letters of IBM.

Hitachi, Japan has successfully developed a single electron transistor, which accomplishes a specific function by controlling the motion state of a single electron, that is, the electron is a multifunctional device. In addition, NEC Research Institute of Japan has the technology to fabricate fine quantum wire structures below 100nm, and has successfully fabricated quantum dot arrays with switching function on GaAs substrates.

At present, the United States has successfully developed a nano-device with switching characteristics, which is only 4nm in size, driven by laser and has a fast switching speed. The University of Wisconsin has made quantum dots that can hold a single electron.

Billions of such quantum dots can be accommodated on the tip of the needle. Quantum dots can be used to make single electronic devices with small volume and low energy consumption, and will be widely used in microelectronics and optoelectronics.

In addition, if billions of quantum dots can be connected, each quantum dot is equivalent to a nerve cell in the brain. Combining with MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) method, it will bring hope for the development of intelligent microcomputers. Based on the latest physical theory and the most advanced technical means, nano-electronics will build an electronic system according to a brand-new concept, develop the potential ability of materials to store and process information, and realize a revolutionary breakthrough in information collection and processing. Nanoelectronics will be the core of the information age in this century.

3. Application of nanotechnology in bioengineering As we all know, molecules are the smallest units that keep the chemical properties of substances unchanged. Biomolecules are good information processing materials. Each biomacromolecule is a microprocessor, and the state of the molecule changes in a predictable way during its movement. Its principle is similar to that of a computer.

5. Who has a composition about nanotechnology? In the past few years, we have witnessed the rapid development of science and technology in our great motherland, which makes me feel extremely proud to be a China native. I remember a long time ago, there was almost only one purpose of mobile phones, that is, making phone calls. But a few years ago, mobile phones have changed a lot, not only in appearance, but also in many uses. They can be used to take photos, have meetings, surf the Internet, send short messages and so on, which makes our life more convenient and makes me more aware of the power of technology. However, I am just a fledgling student. But I want to think about technology and the future from the perspective of a student.

From the dream of genetic engineering to the promise of nanotechnology to ensure that you don't have to wash clothes; From the warmth of artificial intelligence "give you a lovely robot dog" to the wonder of transgenic technology "let mice grow human ears", new technologies are constantly being born, and every discovery of new technologies will make people ecstatic, because these new technologies are gradually improving our lives and let us know ourselves better. In the near future, China completed the whole genome sequencing of SARS virus for the first time, which is recognized as the most harmful disease in the world at present. But why can't other countries finish it first, while our country has just finished it? Quite simply, this shows that our country is not behind others, nor worse than others. Looking back on our motherland's past, from a country that has just started reform and opening up to a big country with a leading scientific and technological level, our motherland has experienced many ups and downs and experienced many difficulties and bumps, but our motherland has survived because we firmly believe that science and technology can not only change our destiny, but also change our future.

For our generation, the general feeling given to the society is a strong sense of competition and sufficient motivation to learn. Popular science knowledge is the focus of our attention, Einstein, Hawking and Bill Gates are the stars in our minds, and computer science, modern physics and chemical kinetics are influencing us all the time. We have understood the importance and universality of science and technology.

Although the prospect of technology creating a new life is fascinating and fascinating. But in the final analysis, it depends on the concerted efforts of all of you, Qi Xin. As the backbone of the future construction of the motherland, the burden on our generation of young people is really not light, and new opportunities are always accompanied by risks and challenges. However, we will not give up easily. We swear to our predecessors with our youth that we will never live up to their hopes.

Looking back at the course of civilization, it is the light of science and technology that sweeps away the darkness of ignorance in human history, and it is the fire of science that ignites the burning hope in human hearts; Science and technology support civilization, science and technology create the future, and the future is in our hands. Let's become explorers of knowledge, let's roam on unknown roads, and let's use our creativity to make the world we live in a better place.

Please give two or more examples of the application of nanotechnology in real life. Please give me more than two examples. In real life, nanotechnology has a wide range of uses.

1, ultra-micro sensor is one of the most promising application fields of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have the characteristics of large specific surface area, high activity and specificity, infinity, etc., which corresponds to the multi-function, miniaturization and high speed required by the sensor.

In addition, as a sensor material, it also requires a wide range of functions, high sensitivity, fast response, wide detection range, good selectivity, strong load resistance, stability and reliability, and nanoparticles can well meet the above requirements. 2. Catalysts In the chemical industry, using nanoparticles as catalysts is another aspect of nanomaterials.

For example, ultrafine boron powder and ammonium chromate powder can be used as effective catalysts for explosives; Ultrafine platinum powder and tungsten carbide powder are efficient hydrogenation catalysts; Ultrafine silver powder can be used as a catalyst for ethylene oxidation; As electrodes in chemical batteries, fuel batteries and photochemical batteries, the light sintered body of ultrafine nickel powder and silver powder can increase the contact area with liquid phase or gas, improve the efficiency of the battery and be beneficial to miniaturization. The lightweight sintered body with ultrafine particles can be used to form a microporous filter as a storage material for absorbing hydrogen.

It can also be used as a colorant for ceramics and handicrafts. 3. In medicine and bioengineering, ultrafine particles with particle size less than 10 nm can move freely in blood vessels. In the current micro-robot world, the smallest one can be injected into human blood vessels, and the walking distance is only 5 nanometers. The robot carries out general health examination and treatment, including dredging blood clots in cerebral vessels and removing fat deposits in cardiac arteries. It can also devour viruses and kill cancer cells.

These mythical achievements allow human beings to enjoy inexhaustible wealth in the microscopic world invisible to the naked eye. 4. Quantum elements in electronic industry mainly work by controlling the phase of electronic fluctuation, so they can achieve higher response speed and lower power consumption.

In addition, quantum components can greatly reduce the size of components and simplify the circuit, so the rise of quantum components will trigger a revolution in electronic technology. At present, the Internet is popular all over the world. If MEMS made of nanotechnology are installed in the network, they will transmit information to each other and perform processing tasks.

In the near future, it will operate aircraft, carry out health monitoring, and issue early warnings of earthquakes, aircraft component failures and bridge cracks. At that time, the internet was also dwarfed.

7. Write some examples of the application of nanotechnology. Help me. Nanometer is a unit of length, originally called nanometer, which is -9 power meter (65438+ billionth meter) of 10.

Nanoscience and technology, sometimes called nanotechnology, is to study the properties and applications of materials with structural dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. As far as concrete matter is concerned, people often describe things as thin as hair as. In fact, human hair is generally 20-50 microns in diameter, not thin.

A single bacterium is invisible to the naked eye, and the diameter measured by a microscope is 5 microns, which is not too fine. At the extreme, 1 nm is roughly equivalent to the diameter of 4 atoms.

Nanotechnology includes the following four main aspects: 1. Nanomaterials: When a substance reaches the nanometer scale, which is about 1- 100 nanometer, the properties of the substance will suddenly change and special properties will appear. This kind of material with special properties different from the original atoms, molecules and macroscopic substances is called nano-material.

If only nano-scale materials have no special properties, they cannot be called nano-materials. In the past, people only paid attention to atoms, molecules or cosmic space, and often ignored this intermediate field, which actually exists in nature in large quantities, and did not realize the performance of this scale range before.

Japanese scientists were the first to truly recognize its characteristics and introduce the concept of nano. In 1970s, they prepared ultramicro ions by evaporation, and found that a kind of conductive copper-silver conductor lost its original properties after being made into nano-scale, neither conducting electricity nor conducting heat. The same is true of magnetic materials, such as iron-cobalt alloys. If the size is about 20-30 nanometers, the magnetic domain will become a single magnetic domain, and its magnetism will be 1000 times higher than the original.

In the mid-1980s, people formally named this kind of materials as nanomaterials. Nano-dynamics, mainly micro-machinery and micro-motor, or micro-electromechanical system, is applied to micro-sensors and actuators of belt-driven machinery, optical fiber communication systems, special electronic equipment, medical and diagnostic instruments, etc. It adopts a new technology similar to the design and manufacture of integrated appliances.

The feature is that the parts are very small, the etching depth often needs tens to hundreds of microns, and the width error is very small. This process can also be used to manufacture three-phase motors, ultra-high-speed centrifuges or gyroscopes.

In the research, micro-deformation and micro-friction at quasi-atomic scale should be detected accordingly. Although they have not really entered the nanometer scale at present, they have great potential scientific and economic value.

13. nano-biology and nano-pharmacology, such as fixing dna particles on mica surface with nano-sized colloidal gold, doing experiments on the interaction between biomolecules with interdigital electrodes on the surface of silica, double-layer planar biofilm of phospholipids and fatty acids, and fine structure of dna. With nanotechnology, you can also put parts or components into cells through self-assembly to form new materials.

About half of the new drugs, even the fine powder of micron particles, are insoluble in water; However, if the particles are nanoscale (i.e. ultrafine particles), they can be dissolved in water. Nano-electronics includes nano-electronic devices based on quantum effect, optical/electrical characteristics of nanostructures, characterization of nano-electronic materials, atomic manipulation and atomic assembly.

The current trend of electronic technology requires devices and systems to be smaller, faster, colder and smaller, which means faster response. Being colder means that a single device consumes less power.

But smaller is not infinite. Nanotechnology is the last frontier of builders, and its influence will be enormous.

1in April, 1998, Dr. Neil Ryan, the president's science and technology adviser, commented that if someone asked me which science and engineering field would have a breakthrough impact on the future, I would say that the start-up plan was to establish a nanotechnology challenge organization to fund interdisciplinary research and education teams, including long-term goal centers and networks. Some potential breakthroughs include: compressing the data of the entire Library of Congress into a device the size of a cube of sugar, which is achieved by increasing the storage capacity per unit surface by 65,438+0,000 times, and expanding the storage capacity of large storage electronic devices to the level of several megabytes.

Materials and products are from small to large, that is, made up of an atom and a molecule. This method can save raw materials and reduce pollution.

Production strength is 10 times that of steel, and the weight is only a small part of steel, so as to make various lighter and more fuel-efficient land, water and air vehicles. Through tiny transistors and memory chips, the speed and efficiency of computers have increased by millions of times, which has made today's Pentium? The processor is already slow.

Using genes and drugs to deliver nano-scale mri contrast agent to find cancer cells or locate human tissues and organs, so as to remove the smallest pollutants in water and air, thus obtaining a cleaner environment and drinkable water. The energy efficiency of solar cells has been tripled.

-"Nano" is the translation of English namometer, which is the unit of measurement. 1 nanometer is one millionth of a nanometer, that is, 1 nanometer, that is, one billionth of a meter, which is equivalent to the length of 45 atoms strung together. Nanostructures usually refer to tiny structures with the size below 100 nm.

After the invention of 198 1 year scanning tunneling microscope, a molecular world with a length of 0. 1 to 100 nm was born. Its ultimate goal is to construct products with specific functions directly from atoms or molecules. Therefore, nanotechnology is actually a technology that uses single atoms and molecules to arrange substances.

From the current good research, there are three concepts about nanotechnology: the first is the molecular nanotechnology put forward by American scientist Dr. drexler in the book "The Machine of Creation" in 1986. According to this concept, we can make the machine of combining molecules practical, so that we can combine various molecules at will and make any molecular structure.

The nanotechnology of this concept has not made significant progress. The second concept defines nanotechnology as the limit of badge processing technology.

That is, the technology of artificially forming nano-scale structures through nano-precision "processing". This nano-scale processing technology also makes the miniaturization of semiconductors reach the limit.

Even if the existing technology continues to develop, it will eventually reach the limit in theory, because if the line width of the circuit is gradually reduced, the insulation film forming the circuit will become extremely thin, destroying the insulation effect.