Measures to prevent natural disasters

Natural disasters mainly include landslides, mudslides, floods, mountain fires, lightning strikes and snowstorms. So, do you know how to prevent natural disasters? Let me introduce you to the measures to prevent natural disasters. Let's take a look together.

Measures to prevent natural disasters. Landslides and mudslides are floods that carry a lot of sediments and stones in the valley. Debris flows are often accompanied by flash floods, which are fierce. In a short time, a lot of mud and stones rampaged from the ditch and piled up at the mouth of the ditch. Debris flow is fierce, often accompanied by mountain collapse, washing away roads, blocking rivers and even silting up villages and towns, causing great damage to farmland, roads, bridges and other buildings, and bringing great harm to life, property and economic construction.

Debris flow prevention and control measures: divide debris flow danger zone and potential danger zone or divide debris flow disaster sensitivity; Strengthen the hydrometeorological forecast, especially the local rainstorm forecast in small areas. Pay attention to disaster warning and forecasting at any time, choose a good escape route and avoid being caught off guard.

Emergency points: If you find signs of debris flow, you should immediately observe the terrain and run to the slopes or highlands on both sides of the valley. When you run away, you should abandon everything that affects your running speed. Don't hide under the steep hillside with rolling stones and a lot of deposits. Don't stay in low-lying places, and don't climb trees to escape.

Signs before debris flow: the river suddenly stops flowing or the water potential suddenly increases, and there are more sticks; From the deep valley or deep ditch, the train roared or thundered; The depths of the valley suddenly became dark and there was a slight vibration. When carrying out outdoor activities in mountainous areas, we should choose the flat highland as the camping site, and try our best to avoid the curved concave banks or narrow and low convex banks of rivers (ditches). Don't look for a camping shed in a ditch or a low-lying place in a ditch. In case of long-term rainfall or rainstorm, we should be alert to the occurrence of mudslides.

Measures to prevent natural disasters. Mountain fire, also known as forest fire, vegetation fire, grassland fire or bush fire, is a kind of fire that is difficult to control in the forest field. Usually caused by lightning. Other common causes are human carelessness and intentional arson.

There are three conditions for the occurrence of mountain fires. One is flammable, and the fire source of mountain fire is rich. Trees, shrubs, herbs, and litter are all combustible, and they are very abundant, which is also a necessary condition for forest fires to cause huge losses. The second is oxygen. Combustible substances can only burn in the presence of oxygen, which is the combustion-supporting gas of combustible substances. If there is no oxygen, combustible materials can't burn, and mountain fires won't happen. The third is to reach the ignition temperature of combustible materials. A certain temperature can activate oxygen and promote combustible substances to produce a large number of combustible gases. When combustible materials are heated by the outside, a large amount of water vapor evaporates, the temperature rises, and a large amount of combustible gases appear. When it reaches the temperature at which it starts to ignite, it is called the ignition point. When the temperature reaches the ignition point, combustion can be caused without external fire source. If these conditions are met, mountain fires will inevitably occur.

In the event of a mountain fire, it is easy to cause heavy losses, including the safety of life and property can not be effectively guaranteed. The company shall actively cooperate with the local authorities to do a good job in fire safety inspection.

During the fire prevention period, it is forbidden to use fire on site; When fire is needed due to special circumstances, the following provisions must be strictly observed:

1, it is forbidden to use fire in the wild. Those who engage in hot work on trees, grasslands and shrubs due to construction needs must apply for hot work safety licenses in accordance with regulations, and there should be a special person in charge. Open fire isolation zones in advance, prepare fire extinguishing tools, and organize the use of fire in the weather below the third-grade wind to prevent fires.

2, all kinds of motor vehicles, must install fire prevention devices, and take other effective measures to prevent leakage fire and locomotive brake shoe fall off and cause fire.

3. Establish a fire safety management system, conduct regular fire safety inspections, carry out fire knowledge training and drills, and ensure that personnel have fire fighting and escape skills.

4, do a good job in high temperature weather monitoring and forecasting, especially to do a good job in high fire risk weather forecasting. You can notify or pay attention to the high-temperature warning information of relevant media such as the Internet and TV departments through SMS, radio, etc.

First aid measures for mountain fire escape: once you find yourself trapped or attacked by forest fire, you should make decisive decisions, quickly choose the route to escape from fire, and take correct measures to avoid casualties. On the relatively open flat land, relying on rivers, streams and roads, ignite the oncoming fire with an igniter, so that the new fire head will spread against the wind in the direction of the fire head and prevent the fire front from being cleared. Please note that there must be patrols on the other side of the line of control to prevent new fire spots in Fei Huo.

1, ignition gap

In the absence of rivers, streams and roads to rely on, when time permits, use an igniter to ignite the fire downwind, and fire fighters will follow the fire into the burning area to avoid the fire, dig out the underground wet soil by hand, breathe close to the wet soil or cover their nose and mouth with wet towels to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

2. Forcibly cross the fire line against the wind

Avoid running downwind when ignition or other conditions are not available. Choose a flat area that is overheated or sparsely weeded, cover your head with clothes, cross the fire line quickly against the wind, and enter the burning area to escape safely.

3. Lie down to avoid smoke (fire)

When it is too late to clear the fire, and there are rivers (ditches), windward flat areas with no vegetation or sparse vegetation nearby, cover your head with clothes soaked in water, put your hands on your chest and lie down to avoid smoke (fire). When lying down to avoid smoke (fire), in order to prevent the smoke from choking, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, dig a hole, and breathe close to the wet soil to avoid smoke injury.

4. Fast transfer

When the fire is found and the manpower is out of control, as long as time permits, it should be quickly moved to a safe place to avoid casualties.

Measures to prevent natural disasters. Blizzard blizzard accompanied by cold wave or cold air attack. At present, although it is beyond the control of human beings, it is still possible to reduce or avoid its harm. Preventive measures include:

1. Prepare for snow disaster and freezing injury according to the responsibilities.

2. Pedestrians should pay attention to cold prevention and anti-skid, drive carefully, and take anti-skid measures for vehicles.

3. Reinforce scaffolding and other temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, and reinforce on-site scaffolding to ensure the safety of on-site scaffolding, tower cranes, elevators and other equipment.

4. Stop business when necessary to reduce unnecessary outdoor activities; Arrange reasonable personnel on duty.

5. According to the different temperature, the water source is treated differently.

6. If the power failure exceeds 4 hours, the water in the pipeline must be drained, and the pipeline that cannot be drained with clean water should be thoroughly purged with an air compressor to ensure that the pipeline does not freeze.

7. Cut off the site power supply in time after shutdown to prevent leakage and fire.

Measures to prevent natural disasters. Lightning will damage or destroy objects, buildings, facilities and people, and destroy the normal operation of power system.

1, tower crane, scaffolding must be grounded. The parts of the construction site that need to be considered to prevent direct lightning are first of all tall mechanical equipment such as tower cranes and cable machines, as well as elevated facilities such as steel scaffolding and metal structures of projects under construction. Tower cranes and scaffolding must be well grounded to prevent lightning strikes during construction.

2, construction personnel should master the methods and skills of lightning protection. In order to reduce the occurrence of lightning accidents in the construction site, all construction units and relevant departments should improve the relevant systems, designate the person in charge of lightning protection safety at the construction site, and carry out daily management of lightning protection safety. The lightning protection devices on the construction site should be tested by qualified lightning protection testing institutions to effectively protect the personal safety of construction personnel.

3, widely carry out lightning protection and disaster reduction safety publicity and education. Through publicity and training, the lightning protection awareness of site management personnel and construction personnel has been enhanced, and the ability of self-help and mutual rescue has been improved. Construction personnel must be trained in lightning protection knowledge, strengthen the basic knowledge of rescue and self-help after being struck by lightning, enhance the ability of rescue and self-help, and reduce casualties.

4. When a thunderstorm comes, outdoor work should be stopped. Send someone to pay close attention to the weather forecast of the local meteorological station to determine whether there is a thunderstorm in the local area. When the thunderstorm weather comes, the construction unit should quickly evacuate the construction personnel in the dangerous area vulnerable to lightning strike and stop all outdoor operations.

5. Formulate and improve emergency preventive measures and disposal plans. Formulate and improve the preventive measures and emergency plans for the construction site under severe lightning weather. Emergency lightning protection places with perfect lightning protection devices must be equipped or designated for on-site construction personnel to ensure their personal safety after evacuation.

6. Try not to dial, answer the phone and surf the Internet with your mobile phone. Unplug the power supply, telephone line, TV antenna and other metal wires that may introduce lightning strikes.

7. Don't stay near the water or in the depression. Don't stand near roofs, hilltops or other conductive objects. You should quickly go to a dry room to shelter from the rain. If you can't find a house, go to the nearest mountain or rock to shelter from the rain.

8. Don't stay in the thunderstorm with metal objects. Put metal objects 5 meters away from you. It is not advisable to carry an umbrella or a badminton racket on your shoulder in thunderstorm weather.

9. In thunderstorm weather, don't stand, but squat down to lower the height, and at the same time, put your feet together to reduce the damage caused by stepping voltage.

10, don't stand under the big tree, don't touch the big tree with your hands, because the wet trunk has become a lightning protection device, and it is best to stay 5 meters away from the big tree.

Measures to prevent natural disasters V. Preparation for flood (1)

(1) Ideological preparations are made to strengthen publicity, enhance employees' awareness of flood control, equipment safety and self-protection, and make ideological preparations for flood control.

(2) Organize the establishment and improvement of flood control organization and headquarters, strengthen flood control inspection before flood season, implement the monitoring network and early warning measures of flood control safety responsible persons, flood control teams and key safety areas, and strengthen the construction of professional mobile rescue teams for flood control.

(3) The project is ready to complete the task of repairing the damaged project on time, and the safety flood control scheme should be implemented for the projects and dangerous workers that cross the flood season.

(4) Prepare and revise emergency plans for flood control at all levels, study and formulate emergency plans for preventing excessive floods, and actively respond to major floods.

(5) Materials shall be prepared in accordance with the principle of graded responsibility, and all engineering contractors shall reserve necessary flood control materials and reasonably allocate them in combination with the actual situation. A certain amount of emergency materials should be reserved in key parts of flood control for emergency use.

(6) Communication preparation: Make full use of the public communication network to ensure the flood control communication is intact and smooth. Improve the hydrometeorological forecast network to ensure timely transmission of rain, water, work and disaster information and command and dispatch instructions.

(7) The flood control safety inspection shall be carried out by grading inspection system, with organization, project, plan, materials and communication as the main contents. When weak links are found, it is necessary to clarify responsibilities and rectify within a time limit.

(8) Daily management of flood control Strengthen the daily management of flood control and implement the work requirements item by item in accordance with regulations.

(2) Flood warning

(1) When the flood is about to happen, contact the hydrological station in time, do a good job in flood forecasting, track and analyze the flood development trend, grasp the latest water regime in time, and report the measured water level and flow and flood trend to flood control institutions at all levels in time to provide a basis for early warning.

(2) Flood control institutions at all levels shall, according to the principle of graded responsibility, determine the flood warning area, grade and flood information release scope, and make all preparations.

(3) Early warning of mountain torrents

(1) Any place that may be threatened by mountain torrents should keep close contact with the departments of hydrology, meteorology, land and resources, cooperate with each other, realize information sharing, and take the initiative to take preventive and hedging measures according to the causes and characteristics of mountain torrents.

(2) Where there are mountain torrents, the relevant units shall prepare a mountain torrent disaster prevention plan, divide and determine the location and scope prone to mountain torrents in this area, formulate a safe transfer plan, and clarify the establishment and responsibilities of the organization.