Life changes brought by information.

What can informatization do for industrialization?

1. 1 Informatization can only help decision-making, but not business decision-making.

The management decision of an enterprise is always the responsibility of the enterprise operator. Informatization may help enterprise managers to provide information for decision-making, but the task of decision-making must be borne by enterprise decision-makers. Business decision-makers of enterprises make business decisions after analyzing the competitive environment, their own resource advantages and disadvantages, and competitors' systems. The computer system itself cannot make a decision. The business decision-making process itself is a process of weighing, because we are always faced with many opportunities, and our resources are always limited, and the decision-making process is also a process of risk judgment. The more information the computer system provides us, the more complicated the decision-making process will be if the information is not sorted out. Many of our private enterprise operators have low academic qualifications and little knowledge of information systems, but their business decisions are decisive, and some have made great achievements. However, some large enterprises have very modern information support systems, which have not produced corresponding benefits. Of course, for most domestic enterprises, a simple and practical information management system can really help decision makers to guard against risks and make rational decisions.

1.2 Informatization cannot replace implementation, but it can promote and supervise implementation.

Although the implementation of advanced automatic control system can replace many manual operations in the production process, and the accuracy and efficiency of control can be significantly improved, human execution ability still plays a decisive role in the whole production process. Because once the information system and process control are put into operation, the system can only complete the specified functions, and the changes in the market and many changes in the production process are not fixed. Therefore, the information system itself cannot replace workers at all levels in the production process to deal with various accidents and automatically obtain the implementation results. And a good information system (including automation system) can promote and improve people's execution ability through smooth information flow, timely information feedback, alarm processing and analysis, and guidance. In addition, due to the smoothness of information and the accuracy of historical records, the information system can supervise whether senior executives at all levels have completed their duties. With the application of network technology, the company can realize online sales. Using automated office system, supervisors at all levels can improve the efficiency of information transmission, especially for enterprises working in different places, a practical information system can greatly improve the efficiency of information transmission and execution.

1.3 informatization can improve control quality and production efficiency.

The implementation of information system, especially automation system, can really improve the quality of process control and the production efficiency of the device. For example, the manual control cycle can only be a few seconds, and the accuracy of writing * is basically on the order of 1% ~ 5%. At the same time, the actual situation of writing is also disturbed by the author's proficiency and mental state. The computer control system can realize millisecond control cycle (which is very important for large-scale rapid equipment such as steam turbine control in thermal power plants), and the accuracy of control parameters can reach 0. 1%~0.5%, which can be higher for special circuits, so the quality of products can be greatly improved. For some large-scale complex production processes, only simple single-loop control can be completed, while computer control system can optimize or quasi-optimize control according to different production conditions (changes in raw materials, environment and target products), which significantly improves production efficiency. In addition, the contemporary enterprise information and automation system can collect and sort out the information from the production site to the equipment, from the single equipment to the workshop, from the workshop to the whole factory, from the whole factory to the whole company, so as to realize the comprehensive monitoring of the whole factory and improve the efficiency of the whole production process. Through proper statistical analysis and processing, the information system can help to find the efficiency loopholes of enterprises and find out the distribution of costs, thus providing objective basis for operators to solve problems. The equipment management function of the system can help to realize predictive maintenance, thus reducing the number and time of downtime and improving productivity. Advanced batch processing function can help workers automatically switch to reasonable control parameters when changing products or changing equipment output, thus improving efficiency.

1.4 Informatization may increase risks.

Informatization not only promotes industrialization, but also increases risk factors.

(1) The concentration of information and the dependence of business decisions on information systems make business risks relatively concentrated. If the information system is destroyed, the operation of the enterprise may be paralyzed.

(2) The computer control system realizes more and more complex control functions, making the work an assistant to the computer system. If there is a major problem in the system, it may lead to an accident.

(3) The large-scale open information system has brought convenience to the work and improved the efficiency, but the confidentiality protection of enterprises has become difficult.

(4) More and more complex information systems may be attacked by hackers or viruses, which will paralyze the system.

1.5 How does informatization serve to promote industrialization?

The practice of China's revolution and construction has repeatedly proved that the basic principles of Marxism can only be successful if they are combined with the reality of China. Similarly, informatization can only achieve benefits if it adapts to the actual level of industrialization.

(1) The leader of an enterprise is one of the decisive factors for the rise and fall of an enterprise, and the level of informatization must adapt to the level of enterprise leaders, otherwise informatization is doomed to fail.

(2) management personnel at all levels of the enterprise (management cadres, technical experts, on-site operators, etc.). ) is the executor of enterprise management decision, and also the actual author of information system (including control system). Information system must adapt to their level, unless the enterprise can replace unsuitable personnel. Must not put the cart before the horse, all executives should adapt to the information system.

(3) When promoting and implementing the information system, all information product manufacturers must make clear the actual demand level of users after fully training the decision makers at all levels and relevant executives, and then customize the appropriate information system according to the actual demand. The level of China's industrial enterprises can range from the smallest workshop-style manufacturing to multinational large-scale modern enterprise groups, and can leap from the industrial level of 16 and 17 century to the level of 2 1 century, so even the best information system scheme can't meet the needs of all users in China. Only the right solution to meet the right customers is an efficient solution.

(4) Enterprise informatization should be cost-conscious. China's national conditions determine that our greatest resource (comparative advantage in international competition) is inexhaustible cheap labor productivity. Therefore, when applying informatization and automation, we must consider the computer information system rather than the value created by people. In quite a few cases, the labor cost will be much lower than the information cost. In this case, the enterprise had better use manpower and information system as management support system and execution monitoring system.

(5) Before China's legal system is perfected and its banks are modernized, it is unlikely to implement advanced e-commerce. The most effective informatization is the factory process automation, financial management, actual office management and other systems. Let's forget those fashionable concepts of information technology and take the road of combining informationization with industrialization in China. Let every investment that users spend on informatization create value, and let the situation that information manufacturers promote informatization become the situation that industrial enterprises pursue informatization.

2 the development status and trend of distributed control system in the world

In industrial enterprises, the most direct and obvious application benefit system should be industrial control system, especially DCS (Distributed Control System). Although it was judged several years ago that DCS would be replaced by FCS (Fieldbus Control System), it still has considerable vitality until today. In 2003, ARC Consulting released a forecast report on the world DCS market. The report predicts that the world DCS market will maintain a growth rate of 2.5% from 2002 to 2007, from $9 1 billion in 2003 to $103 million. The main reason for the low development speed of DCS is the slowdown of economic growth in developed countries such as the United States. The growth rate of DCS in China in recent years should be above 10%. Compared with DCS ten years ago, today's DCS has undergone fundamental changes.

1. 1 DCS has entered the fourth generation.

Influenced by the development of information technology (network communication technology, computer hardware technology, embedded system technology, field bus technology, various configuration software technologies, database technology, etc.). ) and the increasing demand of users for advanced control functions and management functions, various DCS manufacturers (represented by Honeywell, Emerson, Foxboro, Yokogawa and ABB) have improved the technical level of their DCS systems and continuously enriched their contents. It can be said that a new generation of DCS marked by Experion PKS (Process Knowledge System) newly introduced by Honeywell, Plant Web (Emerson Process Management) by Emerson, A2 by Foxboro, R3(PRM-Factory Resource Management System) by Yokogawa and industrial IT system by ABB has been formed. If Foxboro's I/A series is regarded as the milestone of the third generation DCS system, then the latest DCS of the above companies can be classified as the fourth generation. The main signs of the fourth generation DCS are two words beginning with "I": informatization and integration.

1.2 architecture of the fourth generation DCS

The architecture of the fourth generation DCS is shown in figure 1. It is mainly divided into four layers: field instrument layer, control unit layer, factory (workshop) layer and enterprise management layer. General DCS manufacturers mainly provide the following three functions, while enterprise management interfaces with third-party management software platforms (ERP, CRM, SCM, etc.). By providing an open database interface. So today's DCS mainly provides all the control and management functions at the factory (workshop) level, and integrates the information management functions of the whole enterprise.

Figure 1 fourth generation DCS architecture diagram

2.3 technical characteristics of the fourth generation DCS

(1) DCS fully embodies informationization and integration (information &; Integration)

Information and integration, two words beginning with "I", basically describe the changes that are taking place in DCS system today. We have been able to collect the information data of the whole factory workshop and process, but users hope that these large amounts of data can be reflected in a suitable way to help the decision-making process, so that users can get the data they really need in a convenient place and in a way that they understand.

Informatization is embodied in that each DCS system is not a control system with control function as its main function, but a comprehensive platform system that gives full play to information management function. DCS provides the whole information channel from site to equipment, from equipment to workshop, from workshop to factory, and from factory to enterprise group. This information fully embodies comprehensiveness, accuracy, timeliness and systematicness. Basically, most DCS provide the functions of conventional DCS, SCADA and MES. Different from ERP, MES is a collection of related hardware or software components used to manage and optimize the whole process of production activities from placing orders to finished products. It controls and uses real-time and accurate manufacturing information to guide, teach, respond and report various activities in the workshop, and at the same time provides task evaluation information about production activities to the enterprise decision support process.

I hope I can help you.