Ancient information transmission methods (short stories) or poems

The ancient methods of transmitting information are as follows:

[1] Feather stick: Feather letters are mostly used in war emergencies.

[2] Chicken hair letter: generally used in folk.

[3] Feather book: used for conscription.

[4] Carrier pigeons send books [so-called flying pigeons send books]. Migratory birds, especially pigeons and geese, are used as communication tools.

[5] Fast horses pass books. Post-horse relay is an early organized mode of communication.

[6] Bamboo tube: dual-purpose for government and people, similar to the current envelope.

[7] Rapid transmission: used to transmit urgent military information, commonly known as "passing the gold medal".

[8] Different dynasties, such as bonfires/wolf smoke, have different modes of transmission.

[9] Use special sounds, such as bells, drums and firecrackers.

[10]. Ways to make stuffing, such as Tibetan fish belly, cake, steamed bread, etc.

There are also semaphores, lanterns and other ways to convey information.

1. Feather book

Poetry:

The military book was sent overnight, but Khan had invaded the west of Jinshan. -"Song of Wheel Tower Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition",

Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain. -"Yan Ge Xing and Xu" Gao Shi

2. Fiberhome communication

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a method of transmitting information by bonfire. As a primitive means of acousto-optic communication, bonfire served the ancient military war. From the border to the capital and the border, a beacon tower is built at regular intervals. When the enemy invaded, firewood was stored inside, and the fire alarms were lit one by one. When the princes saw the fire, they immediately sent troops to help and resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to guard against enemy invasion, the "bonfire tunnel" was used as the contact signal for border defense emergency. In the ancient history book "Zhou Li", it is recorded that "on the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of various countries, a beacon tower is built at intervals, one after another. There are oranges on the stage, and there are cages full of firewood on the heads of oranges. When the enemy invaded, the beacon tower set off fireworks in succession to convey the alarm. Every night, the watchman lit the firewood in the cage and held it high, calling it a "lighthouse" to convey information to the leaders. During the daytime warning, the firewood piled up on the stage is lit, and the smoke is used to indicate the urgency, which is called "embarrassment". In order to make the smoke straight without bending, so that it can be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of firewood, so it was also called wolf smoke. The Zhou Dynasty stipulated that when the emperor raised a bonfire, local governors must immediately lead troops to rescue and jointly resist the enemy. It can be seen that the implementation of the beacon system means that a huge and perfect military information contact network has appeared as early as last week.

Story: The Prince of Zhou Youwang bonfire drama.

After Zhou Xuanwang's death, his son Jigong Nie acceded to the throne, namely Zhou Youwang. Zhou Youwang doesn't care about any national affairs, only knows to eat, drink and be merry, and sends people everywhere to look for beautiful women. There was a minister named Zhen Bao (b ā oxiang), who advised you to swim the king. Zhou Youwang not only refused to listen, but put Bao Zheng in prison.

Bao Jun was imprisoned for three years. Zanjia people try their best to save Zan. They bought a beautiful girl in the country, taught her to sing and dance, dressed her and gave her to the reclusive king to compensate for her praise. This girl is the apple of her family's eye. Her name is Li.

Wang You was so happy when he got the compliment that he said it. He likes Zan very much, but Zan has been unhappy since he entered the palace, and has never smiled once. Wang You tried to make her laugh, but she couldn't.

Zhou Youwang offered a reward: anyone who can make the princess smile will get a reward of 1200 gold coins.

There is an apple polisher named Master Guo Gu who has an idea about Zhou Youwang. It turned out that in order to guard against dog attacks, the Zhou Dynasty built more than 20 beacon towers in Lishan (now southeast of Lintong, Li Yin, Shaanxi Province), and there was one every few miles. If the dog barks, the soldiers who guard the first level will burn a bonfire; The soldiers in the second level saw the fireworks and burned the bonfire. In this way, bonfires burned one after another. When the nearby governors saw it, they would send troops to save it. Guo Shifu said to Zhou Youwang, "Now the world is peaceful, and the beacon tower has not been used for a long time. I'd like to invite your majesty and queen to visit Mount Li for a few days. In the evening, let's light a bonfire and show it to the nearby governors. This will be a big trick. The empress will laugh when she sees these many military forces. "

Zhou Youwang clapped his hands and said, "Great, let's do it!"

He climbed Mount Li and really lit the bonfire on Mount Li. The neighboring princes got this alarm and thought it was a dog barking, so they quickly led their troops to rescue them. Unexpectedly, when we got there, there was not even the shadow of a dog soldier, only the music and songs in the mountains, and everyone was shocked.

Wang You sent someone to tell them that it was difficult for everyone. There is nothing here, just the king and princess setting off fireworks. you

Let's go home!

Knowing that he had been cheated, Zhuang Ke suppressed his anger and went back.

I don't know what they're doing, but I saw some horses coming at the foot of Mount Li, so I asked you what's going on. Wang You told her in detail. The compliment really smiled.

When you saw the smiling face of praise, the king gave Guo Shifu 1200 gold coins.

Wang You loved praise. Later, he simply abolished the queen and the prince, made praise the queen, and made the son of praise the prince. It turned out that the queen's father was a vassal of the state of Shen. When he got the news, he linked the dogs to attack Haojing.

When Wang You heard the news of the dog attack, he panicked and quickly ordered the bonfire of Lishan Mountain to be lit. The bonfire did burn, but the governors ignored them because they were cheated last time.

The beacon tower braved the smoke during the day and lit candles at night, but no reinforcements arrived.

When the dog soldiers arrived, there were not many soldiers and horses in Haojing, and they barely resisted for a while, so they were beaten out of the water by the dog soldiers. Dog troops flooded into the city, killing Zhou Youwang, Guo Shifu and Fu Bo, who was born in Baosi. The compliment that didn't laugh was also taken away.

At this time, the princes realized that Dog Rong had really entered the Haojiang River, so they joined forces and took a large group of people to rescue them. Seeing the arrival of the warlord's army, the dog army leader ordered his men to plunder the precious property accumulated in the Zhou Dynasty for many years and set fire to retreat.

The central plains governors beat off the dog Rong and made the original Prince Ji Yijiu the son of heaven, that is, Zhou Pingwang. The vassals also returned to their fiefs.

Unexpectedly, when the governors left, Dog Rong called again, and most of the land in the west of Zhou Dynasty was occupied by Dog Rong. King Ping was afraid of losing his capital and made up his mind to move to Luoyi.

In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyi. Because Haojing is in the west and Luoyi is in the east, the Z period of Zhou Dynasty with Haojing as its capital is called the Western Zhou Dynasty. After moving the capital to Luoyi, it was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Poetry:

During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside. -"An Ancient Warsong" Li Wei

The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. -Wang Wei's "To the Frontier"

Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to future generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there is indeed a whirlwind of "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty.

3. Carrier pigeons pass books (Hongyan passes books)

Story:

Legend in The Legend of Hongyan says that in the Han Dynasty, Su Wu was sent to Xiongnu, and Khan was demoted to herding sheep in Beihai. 10 years later, when the Han Dynasty approached the Huns, Khan still refused to let Su Wu return to Han. Chang Hui, who went to the Huns with Su Wu, secretly told Ambassador China about Su Wu, and designed Ambassador China to tell Khan that the Han emperor killed a wild goose when hunting, and a letter was tied to the goose's foot, telling him that Su Wu was herding sheep in a swamp. Upon hearing this, Khan only asked Su Wu to go back to Han. Later, people used Hongyan as a metaphor for letters and messengers.

Another well-known favorite is a folk story: Xue Pinggui went to the Western Ocean in the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Baochuan stayed in the cold kiln for more than ten years. One day, while Wang Baochuan was picking wild vegetables, he suddenly heard the cry of a swan in the air, so he asked to send a book to the wolf in Pinggui on his behalf. However, it was difficult to find pens and ink at that time. In desperation, he tore off his skirt, bit his fingertips and wrote a letter of blood and tears, pouring out his loyalty to love and his expectation for the reunion of husband and wife. The former is loyalty to the country, while the latter is loyalty to feelings. The spread of these two stories made "Hongyan" become the messenger of ancient communication, and also made these two stories themselves become the stories of eternal love. However, many people don't know that before the "Hongyan", there was a story of "the jade bird passed the book":

According to Shan Hai Jing, there are three bluebirds, "three bluebirds with red heads and black eyes, a big one, a small one and a bluebird. Living in the mountain of three dangers, eating for the Queen Mother of the West. " These three divine birds with red heads and black eyes, named Dafu, Shaofu and Jade Bird, are the attendants and messengers of the Queen Mother of the West. They have three legs and live on the Three Dangers Mountain. They are strong and healthy birds of prey. They not only seek food for the Queen Mother of the West who lives on Yushan Mountain near Kunlun Mountain, but also fly over Qian Shan to deliver messages to the Queen Mother of the West. Tao Yuanming's fifth book, Reading, says, "The beautiful birds are pitiful in color. The imperial court is the envoy of the Empress Dowager and returns to Sanxing Mountain at dusk. I want to be a bird, so I want to say to the queen mother: there is nothing in the world, only wine and years. "

Legend has it that before the arrival of the Queen Mother of the West, a bluebird always came to deliver books first. It is said that when the Queen Mother of the West went to the Han Palace, Jade Bird went to deliver books, and Jade Bird flew all the way to the front of Chenghua Temple. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was surprised to see this beautiful and lovely bird, so he asked Dong Fangshuo, the minister, what was the name of this bird? Where did it come from? Dong Fangshuo told him that this bird is called Jade Bird, and it is the messenger of the Queen Mother of the West. Now I'm here to inform you that the Queen Mother of the West is coming soon. Sure enough, after a while, the Queen Mother of the West was helped by two beautiful birds, Dalan and Xiaolan, and came to the front of the temple. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and his ministers rushed to meet the Queen Mother of the West and gave her warm hospitality.

Poetry:

Li Jing has a poem, "The bluebird doesn't spread the news outside the cloud, and the lilacs are sad in the rain."

Li Bai's poems include "May three bluebirds report Sauvignon Blanc" and "Three birds bid farewell to the Queen Mother, so they brought books to see them".

Li Shangyin's poems include "Before the Jade Bird dies, Jun Jun gathers in the Lingtai" and "Pengshan has no road, Jade Bird, listen! -bring me what she said! " .

Wei's poem "If you want to come late, it's still early, and the bluebird will return to Xiang first",

Cui wrote a poem "Yao Shun, when will the bluebird pass?" ,

There is a poem in the thatched cottage, "When listening to the purple phoenix, it is still ethereal, and when coming to the jade bird, it is calm."

Hu Ceng wrote a poem, "There is no Kunqiu Road in Huang Wu, and the bluebird sinks in the west and trees fall".

Zeng Shiyi wrote a poem, "The light and shadow don't follow the bluebird, and the cave entrance is empty and Zi Xia is light".

Guo Chongsi wrote a poem, "The jade bird doesn't spread the news outside the cloud, and the white cloud locks the Lingtou monument".

Yao Youshi wrote, "Mu Wang went on in the old days, and the Jade Bird Book passed down through the ages".

Yang Wei wrote a poem, "Before the bluebird arrived, Emperor Gaozu built an empty platform".

Zhang Bangjiao wrote a poem, "Huang Zhuge can be heard, and Qing Luan can be trusted."

There is a poem by a man of letters in China who practices, "It is difficult to set a flat peach in the sky, and the bluebird is still in the Han Dynasty".

Vientiane Spring has a poem "Where will a pair of bluebirds go?" The Millennium peach blossoms are self-doubt. "

Xun Mei has a poem "The news of Qingluan sinks in Sang Hai, and the eyes are new and the first peak is golden".

These poems all borrow the allusions of "a jade bird sends a book". From these poems, we can see that the bluebird is no longer the raptor described in Shan Hai Jing, but has become three considerate, gentle, kind, light and exquisite lovely "messengers".

Pass the book quickly.

Poetry:

As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south. -Du Mu's "China Qing Palace Jueju"

Story:

Huaqing Palace was once a playground for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. According to "Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty", "My concubine loves lychee, and she must be born, so she rode it for thousands of miles, and her taste has not changed, and she has arrived in the capital". As a result, many policemen were exhausted and the post horse fell dead on the way from Sichuan to Chang 'an. The quatrains crossing the Qing Palace intercepted this historical fact, attacked the arrogance, extravagance and ignorance of feudal rulers, satirized the present with history and warned the monarch.