The Historical Background of Bayi Square

1April 2, 9271July 5, after Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei launched the "Qing * * *" campaign in Nanjing and Wuhan successively, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Politburo in Hankou, and decided to use the National Revolutionary Army under the control and influence of the * * * production party to hold an uprising in Nanchang, and appointed Zhou Enlai as the uprising leader. On July 27th, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Hui, Peng Pai, Ye Ting, Nie and other leaders of Jiangxi Party organizations attended an important meeting in Nanchang, and a staff committee with Liu Bocheng as the chief of staff, Ye Ting and He Long as members, and He Long and Ye Ting as the commander-in-chief of the former enemies was established.

At 2 am on August 6th, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng and other insurgents attacked the Kuomintang troops stationed in Nanchang. After more than four hours of fierce fighting, more than 3,000 people were annihilated, more than 5,000 guns, more than 1 million bullets and several cannons were seized, and Nanchang City was occupied. On the morning of the same day, a joint meeting of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang and representatives of various provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and overseas parties and departments was held in Nanchang, and the Central Declaration was adopted. The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, composed of 25 members including Soong Ching Ling, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Zhu De, was established, and the Declaration of the August 1st Uprising and other documents were adopted, proposing "Down with imperialism", "Down with old and new warlords" and "Tillers". At the same time, the uprising troops were reorganized, still using the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with He Long as the commander-in-chief. As the enemy attacked Nanchang with heavy troops, the Central Front Committee decided to take Linchuan, Yihuang and Guangchang according to the predetermined plan of the Central Committee and go straight to Chaoshan area in Guangdong.

Uprising troops defeated the interception of Kuomintang troops in Ruijin, Huichang and other places in Jiangxi, then passed through Changting, Fujian, Shanghang and Tai Po, Guangdong, and occupied Chaozhou and Shantou in late September. The main force marched westward, passing Jieyang to Tangkeng. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, the westward troops and troops stationed in Chaoshan were besieged by superior enemy forces, and most of the uprising troops were scattered, and some broke through to Hailufeng to join the local farmers' armed forces; The other, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to southern Hunan through southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong to carry out guerrilla warfare. 1928 1 With the cooperation of local party organizations and peasant armed forces in southern Hunan, the "Nianguan Uprising" was held in Yizhang. Because of the "co-suppression" by the superior enemy, the uprising troops and peasant armed forces withdrew from southern Hunan, and arrived in Jinggangshan in April of the same year to join forces with the troops led by Mao Zedong to form the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army, which was later renamed the Fourth Army of the Workers and Peasants Red Army.

After the success of the uprising, the Central Front Committee issued the Manifesto of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang Left according to the spirit of the central instructions, stating that the uprising still called for revolution in the name of the Kuomintang Left, exposing the crimes of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betraying the revolution, and expressing their determination to support Sun Yat-sen's "three major policies" and continue to oppose imperialism and feudal warlords. On the morning of August 1, a joint meeting was held attended by members of the Kuomintang Central Committee and representatives of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and overseas party departments, and the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang of China was established, and Deng, Soong Ching Ling, He Xiangning, Tan Pingshan, Wu, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhang, Li, Yun, Xu Teli and Peng were elected. Revolutionary committee appointed tachileik as secretary-general, appointed, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng and other staff committees as military command organs, Liu Bocheng as chief of staff and Guo Moruo as director of the General Political Department, and decided that the insurgents would still use the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, He Long as commander-in-chief of the frontal army and Ye Ting as commander-in-chief of the frontal army and the frontal enemy. It is affiliated to 1 1 Army (with divisions 24, 25 and 10), with Ye Ting as the commander and Nie as the party representative; 20 th Army (under the jurisdiction of 1 2 Division), with He Long as the commander and Liao Ganwu as the party representative; In the 9th Army, Zhu De served as a deputy commander and a party representative. The army * * * more than 20000 people. Celebrate the great victory of Nanchang Uprising and the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee. After the meeting, young people from all walks of life enthusiastically joined the army, and only a few hundred students signed up. After the Nanchang Uprising, Wang Jingwei urged Zhang Fakui and Zhu Peide to attack Nanchang. According to the original plan of the Central Committee, the Central Committee decided to lead the rebels into Guangdong, and planned to organize the Northern Expedition again based on Guangdong. Go south along Fuhe River. When the insurgents entered Jinxian County, Cai Tingkai, the division commander of 10, fired party member, who worked in the division, and led his troops to the northeast of Jiangxi, leaving the insurgents behind. Because the insurgents hastily withdrew from Nanchang, the troops were not reorganized, and they were on an expedition in the heat, with more troops. When they arrived in Linchuan on the 7th, the total strength was about 1.3 million. In late August, in Ruijin and Huichang areas, the rebels broke through the blockade of Kuomintang troops and Huang, annihilated 6,000 enemy troops and seized more than 2,500 guns. The rebels suffered nearly 2000 casualties.

After the war in Huichang, the insurgents turned back to Ruijin one after another, diverted eastward, passed through Changting and Shanghang in Fujian, and went south along Tingjiang and Hanjiang rivers. On September 22nd, the 25th Division of 1 1 Army occupied Sanheba, Dabu County, Guangdong Province, and its main force continued southward. On the 23rd, it occupied Chaoan (now Chaozhou) and Shantou. During this period, Li, commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army of the Kuomintang Army stationed in Guangdong, ordered the remnants to contain the 25th Division, so that the Yellow Division was attacked by Fengshun, and the East Route Army composed of Chen and three divisions10.5 million people, from Heyuan to the east, to find the main force of the rebel army for a decisive battle. According to the above situation, the * * * Front Committee decided that the newly formed 3rd Division of the 20th Army would be stationed in Chaoshan area with the Revolutionary Committee, and more than 6,500 people would be concentrated to meet the eastward enemy. On September 28th, the main force of the rebel army joined the East Route Army near Coral (Yuhu Lake) in Jieyang County, and defeated it. Then it advanced to Tangkeng (now Fengshun City) and fought fiercely with the enemy again in Fenshui Village. By the 30th, the insurgents had suffered more than 2,000 casualties, unable to fight any more, and retreated to Jieyang. That night, Huang captured Chao 'an. 13/0, 65438+ The main force of the Rebel Army joined the Revolutionary Committee that withdrew from Chaoshan in Liusha (now Puning City) and continued to retreat to Haifeng and Lufeng areas. When passing through Lianhua Mountain near Zhongtan Village in the southwest of quicksand, it was intercepted by the East Route Army again. The war continued and most of the troops were scattered. The leaders of the Revolutionary Committee and the Rebel Army were decentralized, and the rest 1300 people entered the Hailufeng area. The 25th Division stationed in Sanheba, after causing heavy casualties to Qian Dajun, moved to Chao 'an and joined the 3rd Division 1 Division which was evacuated from Chaoshan, Raoping County on June 5th 10.

Since then, the two armies led by Zhu De and Chen Yi have moved to the border of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan. Finally, about 800 insurgents were rescued and took part in the southern Hunan uprising. 1April, 928, arrived at Jinggangshan revolutionary base and joined the autumn harvest uprising troops on the Hunan-Jiangxi border led by Mao Zedong. This is a Long March, starting from Nanchang, passing through Fuzhou, Yihuang, Guangchang, Shicheng, Ruijin, Huichang, Changting, Shanghang and Tai Po, and occupying Chaozhou and Shantou on September 23rd and 24th. It took more than a month to stop, and the vanguard troops have entered the Hailufeng area. Along the way, he won a victory in Rentian Village, north of Ruijin, and another victory in Huichang, wiping out more than one division. Although the soldiers of the Guard are extremely tired, they are emotional and always maintain high morale to defend the safety of the Revolutionary Committee, the leading organ of the Rebel Army. I was the squad leader of the security guard. After the occupation of Chaozhou, our platoon was ordered to stay there and take charge of the logistics department and the material warehouse. After withdrawing from Chaozhou, we crossed the Han River eastward and headed for Raoping. By Rao Ping, Comrade Zhu De had led the 25th Division and the 9th Army Training Corps to retreat there from Sanheba, and we joined this team. Then, under the leadership of Zhu De and Chen Yi, they began to make a strategic shift to Fujian and Jiangxi. This is another long March, passing through Raoping, Heping, Tai Po, Yongding, Wuping and Xinfeng, and reaching Nankang and Dayu. Due to continuous marching operations, the number of troops has been greatly reduced, and some soldiers and cadres who are not determined have been shaken by the revolution. They left the army one after another. In Nankang, there were more than a thousand people left, and in Dayu, there were only seven or eight hundred people left. Due to the impure composition of the troops, the lack of grassroots party member and poor military discipline along the way, the troops were reorganized into regiments, with Comrade Zhu De as the head and Comrade Chen Yi as the group instructor. They personally rectified military discipline and strengthened political work, and the bad elements were eliminated, and the remaining comrades became more determined. The situation is changing rapidly. In the past year, we went to Yizhang, Hunan Province to wipe out the reactionary armed forces in the county, that is, openly fighting local tyrants, distributing fields, establishing Soviet political power, formally raising the red flag of sickle and axe, and holding a vigorous uprising in southern Hunan.

Nanchang Uprising is an armed uprising with overall significance directly led by China * * * Production Party. The first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang was fired, which declared the firm position of China Producer Party to carry out the China Revolution to the end, and marked the beginning of China Producer Party's independent establishment of the revolutionary army and leading the revolutionary war. 1 July 933 1 1 day, on the basis of the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on June 30th, the Chinese Soviet * * and the Provisional Central Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) decided August1day as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. From then on, August 1 became the Army Day of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and later the China People's Liberation Army. Nanchang Uprising, because the enemy was too strong objectively and lacked experience guidance subjectively, did not combine with the peasant movement in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi to carry out the agrarian revolutionary war. Instead, he went south to Guangdong alone in an attempt to open Haikou, win foreign aid, rebuild the revolutionary base areas, and re-establish the northern generation. Coupled with the inability to concentrate on destroying the enemy, it became the enemy's defeat one by one. But the great historical achievements of this uprising are indelible. In front of the whole party and the people of the whole country, a clear banner of armed struggle was set up, which fully demonstrated the revolutionary spirit of China's * * * production party and the people of China who are not afraid of strong enemies and March forward bravely. It criticized Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism with practical actions, dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Kuomintang and greatly inspired the revolutionary fighting spirit of the people throughout the country. It has made great contributions to the creation of a great people's army.