What is the current status and direction of China's e-government development?

It is reported that President Bush of the United States recently signed the "Electronic Government Act of 2002". According to the bill, the United States will establish an e-government fund. In the first year, 2003, this fund will be invested with US$45 million, and will grow to US$150 million by 2006. In addition, a new agency, the Office of Electronic Government, will be established to manage the e-Government Fund. At a time when the global economy is generally in recession, the amount and scale of the U.S. e-government project is staggering. However, judging from the current situation, the U.S. government's e-government project is step by step implementing the ideal of "using information technology to enhance U.S. competitiveness" under Bush's predecessor, the Clinton administration. Three major factors lay the foundation for success

The huge number of Internet users and good Internet facilities have laid a solid foundation for the establishment of "e-government" in the United States.

From 1985 to the present, the proportion of Americans using computers in offices and homes has increased from 30% to approximately 80%; the number of computers owned by households has soared from 15% to 70%. According to the latest statistics, among the nearly 300 million people in the United States, about 150 million use the Internet to varying degrees, accounting for 50% of the total population. "Internet is everywhere" is no longer just a slogan of some Internet companies, but is increasingly being transformed into social practice. Public phones in hotels, restaurants, and airports all have dedicated Internet access interfaces. As long as you have a computer in hand, you can access the Internet at any time.

Government support is a necessary condition for the establishment of "e-government" in the United States.

In the United States, everyone from the president to general government staff actively recognizes and supports the construction of "e-government". In June 2000, Clinton announced the establishment of First Government Network, which was intended to reduce "rubber stamping" and provide a one-stop solution for applying for government loans and bidding for contracts. Currently, all U.S. federal government agencies have gone online, as have all state-level governments, and almost all counties and cities have established their own sites. The U.S. government website is very rich in content. Taking the census site as an example, users can view extremely detailed statistical data at the state level or even the county level in the form of an intuitive map, including the composition of the local population engaged in certain occupations. Now, the U.S. government has connected independent networks to interconnect them for more effective management and utilization.

In order to build "e-government", some corresponding organizations have also been established. The United States has organized 10 organizations under the federal government, either voluntarily or by the government and some public welfare groups, to supervise government informatization, with an overall name - Government Technology Promotion Group. These institutions mainly include: Government Informatization Promotion Association Alliance, IT Industry Consultants Association, State Information Supervisor Alliance, National Telecommunications Information Management Office, Government Assessment Group and Chief Informatization Group, etc. They are responsible for all daily affairs involved in government informatization. In order to ensure the development of government informatization, the United States has formulated a series of laws and regulations such as the Government Information Disclosure Act, the Personal Privacy Protection Act, and the U.S. Federal Information Resources Management Act, which play an important role in guaranteeing and ensuring the development of government informatization. The role of norms.

Fully embodies the principle of "balance of interests".

The U.S. "Electronic Government" program (EGovernment) is led by the President's Council of Management and jointly implemented by the Executive Office of the President and the Office of Management and Budget, but is mainly responsible for the Office of Management and Budget. Among them, the main daily affairs are directly handled by the deputy director of the office who is responsible for information technology and e-government. The Deputy Director reports directly to the Director, who reports to the Presidential Governing Council on the progress of affairs and obtains appropriate approvals. The President's Governing Council also focuses on organizational and procedural changes across government agencies and promotes citizen-centered reforms, which is the same purpose as the e-Government project. As a result, the Presidential Governing Council became the key management department in the transformation of the federal government into EGovernment.

In order to promote this change, the CIO Council formed a "Business Steering Committee" with the participation of members from other federal management committees to focus on the efficiency and effectiveness of EGovenment's four major businesses, namely G2C, G2B, G2G and within the federal government.

A special working group was established for the EGovernment project in September 2001. Some of the team members are from the Office of Management and Budget, some are from various government departments, and a small number are hired from outside. According to reports, 81 special team members from 46 agencies and offices constitute an implementation team, while externally hired personnel mainly do some daily work.

It should be noted that this working group is currently only a major policy maker, and the implementation of specific e-government projects depends on external forces. Among the current 46 institutional departments in the United States, the number of participants in each department varies, ranging from 3 to 4 people to as few as one person. These people are uniformly assigned by the deputy director to participate in related project research. It can be seen that the implementation organization of e-government in the United States maintains a reasonable division of labor and stratification.

The division of labor is mainly between the guidance and approval agencies, mainly the President's Management Council, and the executive agencies, mainly the Office of Management and Budget. At the same time, the division of labor is also reflected in the reasonable division into four large project teams based on tasks, and the integration into special implementation teams based on some important projects. In terms of layering, it is simplified as much as possible, allowing flexible coordination and composition to enhance the coordination ability between various integrated project teams. At the same time, the project team has the participation of relevant stakeholders, leadership agencies and professionals, ensuring project coordination, leadership and professionalism.

Extensive application of information technology

After several years of construction, US e-government has achieved rough results. According to statistics, due to the implementation of government informatization, the number of U.S. government employees decreased by 240,000 from 1992 to 1996, nearly 2,000 offices were closed, and expenditures were reduced by US$118 billion. In terms of services to residents and businesses, 200 government bureaus have established 3,000 service standards, abolished more than 16,000 pages of outdated administrative regulations, and simplified more than 31,000 pages of regulations. In the United States, the establishment of networks such as the National Employer Tax Management System, the Federal Government's National Procurement System and the Transfer System has not only saved a large amount of people, money and property, but also improved the transparency of government affairs and blocked channels for favoritism and fraud. These achievements are mainly due to the widespread application of information technology.

First, it is used for the disclosure of government affairs. Governments at all levels in the United States make extensive use of powerful government websites to disclose large amounts of government information to the public. This information includes: important activities and speeches of government leaders, the latest developments in government work, information on people’s registration and registration at the government, information on research and supporting institutions related to government work, etc. It can be said that most government affairs related to the people can obtain detailed information in a timely manner through the government website.

The second is internal office electronics. There are no mandatory government documents issued by U.S. government departments at all levels. Internal office affairs of the agency mainly rely on emails to transmit information. At the same time, traditional paper documents and written signatures are still used when handling some important matters.

The third is to achieve maximum sharing of resources. Governments at all levels provide the public with public database information resources owned by the government through government websites.

The fourth is to provide Internet services. Most U.S. government websites have an on-line service column on the front page of the homepage, which is used to provide the public with various inquiries, applications, payment, registration, license application and other services. It has a "single window", " One-stop", "24 hours", "self-service" and other characteristics.

The fifth is to provide security. The internal offices of U.S. government departments have dedicated intranets, and there are strict isolation measures between the intranet and the external network (the Internet).

Overall, it can be said that the “e-government” of the United States has roughly taken shape.

However, there are still many problems in its construction. For example, the office networks between governments at all levels and between states have not yet been interconnected. There are no unified standards for network platforms and security technologies. The application level of leaders is still It is the bottleneck that restricts electronic office work and so on. Therefore, it will take some time for e-government to be fully realized across the United States. The Forrester Research Company in the United States issued a report stating that based on the current situation, the U.S. government will maintain low-risk, public-focused online service activities within two years. After three stages of experience accumulation, integration and institutional reform, by 2006, U.S. governments at all levels will receive 333 million applications and reports from businesses or people online, and launch 1.4 online Thousands of online application services. By then, perhaps the era of electronic government in the United States will truly arrive.