Bing Xin's Superman has the characteristics of a problem novel. What do you think of the changes before and after the characters? Is this change true?

journey

Ms. Bing Xin published the short story Superman in Volume 12 No.4 of Novel Monthly. At the time of publication, I also thought the title was novel, so I looked through it with full curiosity. I remember how I felt. First, I feel a little cheated by that title. Second, I always feel that there are several big holes in it, which the author himself seems to have never seen. Recently, I saw a critical article signed Kenzo in the 9th issue of Volume 13 of Novel Monthly, and I also found Pan Chuitong's comments in the 9th issue of Volume 12 of Novel Monthly. It seems that this work by Ms. Bing Xin is the highest expression of her whole thoughts. But when I finished reading it for the second time, I still felt that the feeling more than a year ago had not changed much. I stubbornly advocated myself, although there were two words in the middle that could not be said to be literary criticism. ?

Why is this novel called Superman? Although Dong Fenjun said in his note that "whoever doesn't cry is not superman", I still don't understand, but this is the author's freedom. The author may have a special opinion on the word "superman"

Solution, but you know that the author really didn't tell us what Superman is in this work, and she didn't have to sue.

Complain; So if someone says that He Bin is the superman in the author's mind and that this is superman and that is not superman, then

Not only arbitrary, but also ridiculed by the author. The topic has nothing to do with this article, but many people often misunderstand it. I mention it by the way. )?

As far as the above two paragraphs are concerned, it seems that I am criticizing. Whether the critics' observation and performance are correct can also be criticized, but my purpose is to comment on Ms. Bing Xin's Superman here-like other critics, be modest, so I want to talk about my own views on Superman here. ?

I haven't read many of Ms. Bing Xin's works, but from her novels, I can see that her talent as a poet is very high and her skill as an artist is very sufficient. Even her novel is more poetic than the masterpieces of those poets. Her rich imagination and sincere mood, not only lovely and meticulous description and clever writing with a pen, but also give full play to women's specialties. However, I dare not say that Superman is a successful novel. Now I hold a pure attitude and write down my views for your reference. ?

Where there is a kind of literature and art that can be the object of our criticism, that is:

observe

Art?

express

Literature and art

think

Effectiveness?

mood

Although efficiency and art cannot be separated independently, when they are literary criticism, we might as well study them separately. ?

The purpose of the novel Superman, some people say that the author's intention is to express a process from Verneinung to Bejahung, that is:

Negative affirmation?

This process could have been realized through various routes, but what can be achieved by the method that Superman showed us? Some people say that it is the realization of love, then this process is:?

Deny love and realize affirmation?

If superman is decomposed into this form, it will be felt that the performance of each part has not been achieved, and the author's observation has not been deepened, which is blinded by objective phenomena. ?

For example, when writing He Bin's negation, the author's description is only some objective and visible phenomena, and subjective phenomena are rarely mentioned. This is indeed a performance defect. And the first sentence says "He Bin is a young man with a heart of stone",

Later, his face turned cold, as if the author really wanted to write about He Bin in an extremely negative way, which was very wrong. neoteric

The mental pain lies not in denying everything, but in only doubt and anguish, and nothing can be sure. negate

This is a negative affirmation. If modern people can really deny it, it can also reduce the pain, but modern people can't deny it, just as they are not sure. Really, modern people are suspicious and depressed. Sadly, they can neither confirm nor deny it. What He Bin said to Grandma Cheng revealed his doubts, but it was not profound, nor did he write down his inner anguish, which only increased his indifference. This place, I feel that the author has not observed deeply and there is no objective phenomenon, but it has been deceived by objective phenomena. From extreme negation to affirmation, it is impossible to pass through a medium. Such a transfer from one side to the other must have its possibility, that is, it must first reach a zero point, which can be left or right. Such a zero point is a state of doubt and depression that modern people cannot confirm or deny. From zero to affirmation, there must be a medium, and from negation to zero, there must be another medium, so when the whole process from negation to affirmation is written out, it is:

Negative media a, zero media b, sure?

In other words, the explanation is from negative to positive. It needs to go from being denied by the role of media A to zero, and then from zero to being affirmed by the role of media B, so it is not only unreasonable in theory, but also causes a layer of defects in structure to write the protagonist as extreme denial like Superman. We should not only observe the surface of a phenomenon, but also see the reality hidden deep under the surface, so as not to be blinded by objective phenomena. People like He Bin are really easily influenced in the second half of Superman, and his eyes seem to be filled with tears from time to time. If you write like Superman, it's just a neurotic sentimental person (sen.

Timentalist)。 Therefore, if Superman really wants to show the process of reaching affirmation, he should also put the heat of doubt and depression with

Write it out, don't take it off, let alone say those cold words. A critic of Novel Monthly praised this cold word, saying, "It was written by the author with painstaking efforts. It was very sad and contained a lot of tears. After reading this article, it's ok.

It's really heartless not to cry at the thought of this cold word "This kind of old-fashioned, unreasonable and fanatical criticism is not only useless to literary criticism, but also misleading. People who criticize literature and art should be more calm and serious, and should have a deep understanding of the overall effectiveness and artistic observation-observe with a calm and serious attitude and express with a calm and serious attitude. ?

Another example is to write about the realization of love, using a dream, which is naturally a very economical way to write; But this dream is inserted after "most people have no dreams", which is really the effect of "three nights in the past" established for no reason, and has been cut into a spent force. The previous dream, "He felt particularly hot when he fell asleep", was immediately annotated with female-specific logic such as "I was tired for two days, and my daily life was naturally abnormal", but it could not hide the traces of reluctance. Some people say that Lu Er's letter is too unrealistic. Originally, our current social level was too low, and their expressive ability was too weak. It turns out that this is not only the case of an ignorant Lu Er, but also the case of our current upper class and intellectual class. We can't be in their remarks.

Express our thoughts and feelings, but in this respect, I not only say that the author is not good, because I often feel.

I can't help expressing sympathy for the author for the same pain. I think we can warn the young writers here to stop thinking.

In the words of ordinary people now, we have to lose this road for the time being, and we can only do so in the future.

In all the dry and shallow words and deeds, we take a winding road and slowly hint at our thoughts. We should consider the facts and avoid falling.

I'm afraid there is no other way to describe a simple naturalist. It's difficult, but I don't think so.

It's impossible. ?

Finally, the author wrote He Bin's affirmation, feeling that the heat is greater than the strength. It turned out to be so cold at first, but then I finally arranged a dream, and then I asked Lu Er to write a reluctant letter. The overall efficiency is already very reluctant; When the author wrote affirmation to He Bin, he only used a sentimental letter, full of tears, but his manners still didn't get rid of the gloomy and cold. From his affirmation, we can't see the role of positive energy at all, so the whole process is like a breeze blowing, blowing ripples on the water, and soon it is silent again. I really must have a restlessness that will never be eliminated in my life and spare no effort to leave an indelible impression on readers. Bing Xin is a little careless about this place. Some people say that after reading He Bin's letter, I feel forced to cry, but this is the success of this letter's sentimentality and cannot be linked to the overall efficiency. The novelist's greatest effort,

Attention should be paid to the dramatic effect of the whole novel, and critics should take a calm attitude.

Pay attention to some places and don't imitate the applause of those old opera fans. Old opera fans don't understand art and are not efficient. They sang high and long, danced strangely, and cheered loudly. As for the relationship between these songs and dances and the art and efficiency of the whole play, they don't care. A real work of art never depends on which part is perfect; The perfection of a work of art also lies in his individual and whole. This whole group should be pluralistic and unified, and if some of them don't show off well, it will destroy unity. Superman's letter can make people cry, which is really an unexpected achievement. However, I think everything in this letter is too hot. ?

What I said above is based on the comments of many critics, taking Superman as a work that describes the process of a person's self-denial to affirmation, and then dissecting it. We don't know what Ms. Bing Xin meant by writing this short story. Therefore, the significance of this criticism is completely unknown. However, from a work, it does not mean that we will never see the meaning of the author when he does that work. In a way, we can see that. We can see whether the author's meaning is consistent with the author's own meaning at that time, which depends on the size of the critic's observation and the obvious degree of the author's own consciousness; Sometimes critics can see what the author has not realized, and there are some. When Ms. Bing Xin wrote Superman, many people said that she wanted to describe a person's process from negation to affirmation. However, this observation method is inevitably biased towards impression, and it is inevitable that the old impression will not be new.

I was blinded by the impression, so I think it's best to use induction. ?

When we read Superman carefully, there are three outstanding ups and downs in Ben Tao's impression: one is the lonely life without love; Second, memories of the past; Third, the realization of love. Their relationship is:?

Life without love, memories of the past, realization of love?

It is a lonely life without love, a process from recalling the past to experiencing love. I mentioned it here.

Looking back, some people may disagree, but I dare say that the most important content of Superman is here. I think the author was at that time

It means nothing more than describing our relationship with the past-a relationship that will never end. I don't want to stay here.

Talk about how we can never forget our past, how to miss it, how to yearn for it; However, our life history has been mercilessly turned page by page, and there is no possibility of reply. The more I can't, the more hard it is. Only in our yearning, how much we have returned to the past. How much sadness and joy we have found in the past-all these need us to be grateful! When we show this intoxicating gratitude, who can not be aroused by the enthusiastic resonance? The power of superman is here. ?

However, as far as my new story is concerned, Superman's art seems to have several shortcomings I mentioned earlier. When she wrote about life without love, she only described the objective phenomenon, and it was wrong to write about He Bin in extreme negation. She wrote memories of the past, but also reluctantly inserted them; She wrote about the realization of love, but it was too hot to write. And the author doesn't seem to see the true meaning of love. True and pure love is giving rather than receiving, giving rather than taking. Hobbies are better than birds at dusk. They want to find a branch to live on, and they can't rest in peace without a place. However, He Bin is so weak and cold! ?

In addition, there is a final observation, which is really in line with the author's original intention. He Bin said in the letter, "Your moaning in the middle of the night reminded me of many past events, and my mother was the first to bear the brunt." "She touched me with your love.". In these places, it seems that the author's original intention is only to describe how a loveless person remembers the love of a loving mother. If the author really means this, it is even more obscene. ?

When I wrote this article, I didn't have Superman's intentional bad prejudice, but I just wanted to write out my views for your reference. There are many things that people definitely disagree with, and there are many things that are not completely said. Ms. Bing Xin's poet is very talented. As I said before, I don't need to say it again. However, her works, both poems and novels, have a common shortcoming, that is, the works are somewhat bloated by abstract descriptions. The dramatic effect of a work,

You can't rely on abstract description, action is the most important thing. It is best to project abstract descriptions into action.

Most of our old novels are destroyed by actions (facts), but too much by abstract descriptions. This could be

Bing Xin pays more attention to imagination than observation. By the way, it may be good for me here.

1922165438+1October 30th?

(Originally published in Creation QuarterlyNo. 1 Volume No.4)