Information about the word "filial piety" . Note, I don't want a composition, just information.

Filial piety: filial piety | Filial son 2 Old manners and customs observed in a certain period after the death of elders. ③ Mourning | Dai Xiao ④ Filial surname radical stroke radical: stroke radical: 4 Total stroke: 7 Wubi 86:FTBF Wubi 98:FTBF Cang Xie: JKND stroke sequence number: 12 1 quadrangle number: 44407 Unicode:CJK unified Chinese character U+5B5D basic character. ~ Lian (A. China, one of the main officials in the Han Dynasty, "filial piety" refers to dutiful son; "Lian" refers to an honest person; B. China's appellation of Juren in Ming and Qing Dynasties). ~ Tao. ~ descendants. 2. mourning: keep ~. Hang up to 3. Mourning: wear ~. ~ clothes. 4. Last name.

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Filial piety as an ethical concept was formally put forward in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the meaning of filial piety was as follows: 1. To the ancestors. To the ancestors. Filial piety is mainly manifested by offering sacrifices to ancestors in ancestral halls. The object of filial piety is the deceased, which has a certain religious form. Second, carry on the family line. According to Zhou people, ancestors are the life of our generation. Therefore, ancestor worship is to continue the life of ancestors. I ching: "ancestors, the origin of class, no ancestors, evil?" In a word, filial piety in the Western Zhou Dynasty is a feudal religious ethics.

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Confucius said, "Today's filial piety means that it can be raised. As for dogs and horses, both can be kept; If you don't respect it, why not be different? -The Analects of Confucius: Filial piety is not only for you to support your parents, but also for your horses and dogs. Can you say "filial piety"? If you don't respect your parents, what's the difference between it and raising animals? That is, "Filial piety is more important than kinship" —— On Mengzi Wanzhang. In a real sense, filial piety in China's traditional culture is based on respect, and the best expression of inner respect is obedience, which means that it tends to the same direction, that is, filial piety and filial piety. Therefore, the essence of filial piety is obedience, and the status of orientals in the family is not equal as in the west, but superior. There is a tradition of inferiority at home, which requires us to be good children in front of our parents, so we can't form our own views on all kinds of things, from marriage to right and wrong to outlook on life and the world. " "Don't change your father's way for three years" means to act according to the value orientation of your father's way all your life. Teachers are lifelong fathers ",so teachers can only agree, not contradict each other. One reason why Confucius didn't like Yan Hui was that he was excellent. Unlike killing me and lying to me, they were embarrassed to contradict their teachers. Like Aristotle in the west, "I love my teacher, and I love the truth more" is something that China's dutiful son can never say. Like Descartes in France, Hume in Britain, and Kant in Germany, the master China could not be such a great philosopher who doubted everything.

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The body is a skin injury, and parents dare not hurt it. Filial piety is also the beginning. Standing on the street, making a name for yourself in later generations to show your parents, is also the end of filial piety. Filial piety begins with maintaining physical integrity and ends with being an official and honoring one's ancestors. So there is no "filial piety" in the traditional culture of China in the west. In the sense of family, "filial piety" embodies obedience to the absolute authority of parents; From the social point of view, "filial piety" means awe and absolute obedience to the rulers. "This is also filial piety easy to offend, thick-skinned. Those who are not good at making mistakes but are good at making trouble are unknown. " -studying the Analects of Confucius. That is, if a person can be filial to his parents and love his brother, he likes to offend his superiors, which is rare; People who don't like to offend their superiors but like to rebel have never met. Because the family and country are isomorphic, your father is homotopy, you are the father of the world, and filial piety is the way to be loyal to you. As the saying goes, "filial piety is the principle of being a king." Filial piety means respecting and obeying parents; Filial piety is loyalty to the master. Principles and policies formulated against the master's personal will are "disloyalty" and killing the ruler is a great sin. It is unfilial to implicate nine families and parents with physical problems, not to mention that parents, brothers, wives and children have to go to the grave when their heads fall to the ground. This is the greatest unfilial. Therefore, the scope of "filial piety" is greater than loyalty. In this way, "filial piety" has achieved its political goal of "harmonious" society from the perspective of human relations.

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"There are three kinds of unfilial, and it is great to have no heirs" is what Mencius said when evaluating Shun's marriage. The complete original words are: "There are three kinds of unfilial, that is, no queen is the greatest, marrying without suing, and no queen is the greatest, and the gentleman thinks that it is still suing." It can be seen from the original text that "no descendants" here does not mean that there are no descendants, but that they have not fulfilled their responsibilities. Translated into modern words, it is "there are three kinds of unfilial, and the responsibility of not protecting future generations is the greatest." Shun married without telling his parents, which is nothing, but the gentleman thinks it is similar to telling him (because Shun is a monk and Yao wants to marry his daughter). "In other words, Mencius' original words did not mean that not having children was unfilial. So why do future generations misinterpret the phrase "there are three unfilial sons, and no posterity is great" as the present meaning? What are the other two "three unfilial"? It depends on Zhao Qi's Notes on Thirteen Classics in the Han Dynasty. Commenting on Mencius' words, he said: "There are three kinds of unfilial manners, namely, obedience, injustice and unfilial; Poor old people, not an official, unfilial; Unmarried and childless, ancestors do not worship and are unfilial. " Here, he interpreted "no queen" as "unmarried and childless", which has been misunderstood for more than two thousand years. But interestingly, he thinks that the first unfilial is "obedience, trapped in injustice", which means that the first unfilial is unconditional obedience to parents and tolerance of parents to do unjust things. This is worth remembering. Many comrades said that they should get married for their parents. If you get married because your parents are unfaithful to the opposite sex, of course, you will "get into injustice." If you don't solve the problem, the first is unfilial. In fact, these old sayings are still used in the 2 1 century, which is a very tragic thing in itself. To carry on the family line is to treat children as machines for giving birth to children and as property. Parents regard having children as an investment, which in itself is worth resisting.

The core of filial piety is the relationship between children and parents.

1, the real filial piety is that children really want to thank their parents for their kindness, but the statement of "repaying kindness" is unfounded. Parents have the responsibility to raise their children. If not, they are not qualified to be parents at all. Repaying parents' kindness does not mean that they must be allowed to decide their own lives. Although there was a saying in ancient China that "your parents want you to die", even in ancient times, it was not filial piety, but the loss of human relations. The real old saying in China is that a father should be kind to his son, that is, parents should be kind to their son and children should be filial. This is the responsibility of both parties. If your parents ignore your essence and force you to give up the happiness of your life, such parents will no longer have the right to be filial. 2. From the psychological point of view of the whole society, the old feudal concept was that if a father wanted his son to die, his son had to die. For a long time, there is such a supreme survival criterion, that is, we often hear "if you want your minister to die, I have to die;" The father wants his son to die, and the son has to die. " This is related to some unhealthy psychology and national quality that have existed in our society for a long time. In this universally accepted principle, "monarch" and "father" are supreme to courtiers and children, and there is no "friendship between colleagues" or "friendship between father and son". If the father is not satisfied, he can hit the child, and he does not need the child to make mistakes. He doesn't need any reason, as long as I am your father, even in name. Under the influence of this concept, fathers and even mothers think that they are "heaven", and they can beat and scold their children at will and decide whether the children are killed or taken away. This outlook on life in feudal society for thousands of years has been affecting today's society, and it can't be changed in a few years or longer. Change needs a process, and the concept of the whole people needs to be changed. When everyone thinks that it is illegal to beat and scold children, this concept will almost change. 2. From the quality of the whole nation, children and parents are equal in personality. Parents are just guardians. It should be admitted that the quality of the whole people is not very high now, and not many people can accept the concept of "equality between children and parents". But children are born completely equal to their parents, who are only the legal guardians of their children. We can often see our neighbors beating and scolding our children, even when we were young. Seeing this kind of beating and cursing, our first reaction will not think that parents are abusing their children, but that it is a problem of parents' education methods. Few people will take the initiative to persuade them, let alone go to the police to protect their children. Without the supervision of neighbors, domestic violence is one of the easiest channels to find problems. Children are not the private property of their parents, nor can they be disposed of at will. Just as many parents now peek at their children's text messages and emails under the banner of concern, they do so without considering the equality between children and adults. Seriously speaking, it is also illegal for parents to invade their children's privacy. This respect for children's right to life, personality and privacy also requires active guidance from all walks of life. From the perspective of rights and obligations, it is not the parents who have the right to beat and scold their children, but the parents who have the obligation to raise their children. In the eyes of many people, our parents raised us carefully and put in a lot of expectations. Children should repay their parents. If, on the other hand, parents are sad and disappointed, it is obviously a big violation. Some parents even beat and scold their children, because they think that their children are born by themselves, raised by themselves and given everything by themselves, so they have many rights to their children.

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China has had filial piety since the Western Zhou Dynasty. The most influential is Confucianism represented by Mencius. The most familiar is-"Mencius Li Lou": "There are three kinds of unfilial, and there is no queen." The original text is "Mencius said: there are three kinds of unfilial, and there is no big one." Marry without telling, and there is no queen, and the gentleman thinks that it is still telling. Translate Mencius' words into modern Chinese, which means: "There are three kinds of unfilial, and the greatest responsibility is not to protect future generations. It's nothing for Shun to get married without telling his parents, but the gentleman thinks it's almost the same as telling him (because Shun is a monk and Yao wants to marry his daughter). " In other words, Mencius' original words have not been misrepresented by the public-not having children is unfilial. However, the most unfilial thing is not fulfilling the responsibility to the elders and future generations. Mencius' original words did not say what the other two kinds of unfilial were. Later, Zhao Qi wrote Notes on Thirteen Classics of Hanshu. This paper expounds his personal understanding of Mencius' passage: "There are three kinds of unfilial gifts, namely, obedience, injustice and unfilial;" Poor and old-age, not for Lu, unfilial; If you don't get married and have children, you will never worship your ancestors, which is unfilial. Among the three, there is nothing bigger than this. " Obedience blindly, seeing that parents are at fault and not persuading them, makes them fall into injustice, which is the first kind of unfilial, that is, the greatest unfilial; Poor family and elderly parents, but not to be an official to support their parents, this is the second kind of unfilial; It is the third kind of unfilial to not marry and have children and cut off offspring. Visible, Zhao Qi is not to say that cutting off offspring is the most unfilial. He believes that the most unfilial thing is to tolerate parents doing unjust things, not to persuade them as future generations. Later, it was spread by people who didn't know the truth, and this wrong explanation was given today. Looking at the original text, we can know that our understanding is like "a scholar who can read and recognize half." It is precisely because of this kind of misinformation that ordinary people with little cultural accomplishment in feudal society believe it, misinterpreting "there are three unfilial things, and no posterity is great" as "carrying on the family line is the greatest unfilial thing" In the feudal era with the theme of "loyalty and filial piety", this sentence has supreme magic. In order to keep going, ordinary people, whether they are families or poor people, do their best. Followed by a series of special social phenomena such as adoption. Although Confucius and Mencius are the same, Confucianism in Mencius' era has made progress compared with that in Confucius' era. From the first rule of unfilial, that is, the most unfilial, said by Confucian scholar Zhao Qi, it can be seen that parents are wrong, blindly obeying and not persuading is the first kind of unfilial. In Confucius' time, filial piety and loyalty were manifested in admitting their mistakes without pointing them out even though the elders knew them clearly. No matter what our parents say is right or wrong, we should accept it completely and don't resist it. It can be seen that Confucius thought suppressed human relations (human rights). From a modern point of view, the revision and supplement of Confucius by Confucianism is a kind of progress. For the second article, it is also contrary to the thought of Confucius at that time. Confucius' thought is "using the way of heaven, sharing the benefits of land, being cautious and applying it to adoptive parents, which is Shu Ren's filial piety." From this perspective, "No Queen" ranks third instead, and it is not really "big". Through the development of Confucianism, we can see the development of the definition of "unfilial". Of course, both Mencius' On Li Lou and Confucius' The Book of Filial Piety advocated filial piety, which was also related to the political use at that time. Therefore, modern society should treat filial piety dialectically.

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Mencius on filial piety

It is generally believed that Ceng Zi is the best Confucius to talk about filial piety, Zisi is a student of Ceng Zi, and Mencius is a master of studying in Zisi, so Mencius naturally pays more attention to filial piety than other Confucian scholars. His inheritance and development of filial piety are mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1, and he put forward the theory of good nature, which further improved the philosophical basis of Confucian filial piety. Mencius accepted Confucius' thought of "benevolence" and emphasized that everyone can achieve the subjective factor of "benevolence" and "everyone can be obedient", thus putting forward the theory that human nature is good. Human nature is natural, so is the virtue of filial piety. Everyone is born with it. The establishment of the principle of kissing makes filial piety the core of the five ethics. "What is more important, what is more important?" Filial piety is the greatest thing in Mencius Li Lou and Mencius Zhang Wan, and it has become the highest moral expression of people. It is precisely because filial piety has become the highest morality in life that Mencius has "three kinds of unfilial, no posterity is great" and "On Mencius and Li Lou". There are three kinds of unfilial, and the greatest responsibility is not to protect future generations. Shun married without telling his parents, which is nothing, but the gentleman thinks it is similar to telling him (because Shun is a monk and Yao wants to marry his daughter). On Martial Arts: "Father and son are close, monarch and minister are righteous, husband and wife are different, old and young are orderly, and friends are loyal", Mencius Teng Wengong. Among these five ethics, Mencius thinks that father and son, monarch and minister are the most important. "Benevolence, relatives also; Filial piety has become the center of the five ethics. The so-called "everyone is close to his relatives, and the world is at peace", Mencius Li Lou, Filial piety when entering, and Wang Zhidao first, and Mencius Teng Wengong all regard filial piety as the highest virtue. Therefore, the most respected sage of Mencius is Yao Shun. "The filial piety of Yao Shun is enough." In a word, Mencius regards filial piety as the center of ethics, which is a direct inheritance and development of Confucius' filial piety thought. Further politicize filial piety. Filial piety is an ideal realm designed by Mencius for the monarch. He tirelessly preached filial piety to Liang, and "filial piety" and "Mencius on Liang" cast a strong political color on Confucian filial piety.

Confucius on filial piety

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, slavery in China went to extinction and feudalism was gradually established. With the gradual disintegration of patriarchal slavery, "rites collapse and music breaks down". At that time, Confucius believed that to stabilize social order, we must first stabilize the family. Without the authority of parents, it is impossible to achieve family stability, and thus it is impossible to stabilize society. So Confucius advocated "filial piety". Confucius inherited, developed, reformed and innovated "filial piety" in the Western Zhou Dynasty as follows: 1, emphasizing that "filial piety" should be based on "respect". Confucius believes that filial piety should be sincere, such as simply satisfying parents materially, which is not enough for filial piety. More importantly, it is necessary to "respect" so that parents can be respected in personality and comforted in spirit. "The Analects of Confucius is a government": Ziyou asked about filial piety, and Confucius said: "Today's filial piety is said to be able to support it. As for dogs and horses, both can be kept; Disrespect, why not? " Thus, "respect" is the spiritual essence of filial piety. 2. Combination of filial piety and courtesy. If the spiritual essence of filial piety is "respect", how to express this "respect"? This is: behavior should conform to the ceremony, and Confucius directly regards this as filial piety. "The Analects of Confucius" said: "People are born with courtesy; When you die, you will be buried and sacrificed. " Whether parents are alive or dead, they should be filial according to the rules of etiquette. 3. Combine "filial piety" with "filial piety". Filial piety is often used in the Analects of Confucius, for example, "A disciple is filial when he enters, and a younger brother is filial when he leaves." "This is filial piety, but also offensive, thick-skinned. Those who are not good at making mistakes and are good at creating chaos have nothing to do with this. " Filial piety is the foundation of benevolence. "(The Analects of Confucius. Learn "). Xun: To respect brothers, the essence of respecting brothers is to ask people to extend the level of blood relatives in the family to social relations. This is what the so-called "being a younger brother" means, which mainly shows the criteria for dealing with social relations. 4. Put forward the principle of "several admonitions". Confucius believes that if parents are at fault, children can protest in a euphemistic tone, so as not to make parents fall into injustice. This is what he called "admonishing parents" and "The Analects of Confucius and establishing people". The principle of "several remonstrances" gives consideration to filial piety and the interests of social groups, and has a certain democratic spirit. 5. Confucius found the human foundation for the rationality of traditional filial piety and solved the philosophical premise of the existence of filial piety-benevolence. The core of Confucius' thought is man, and benevolence is not only the foundation of filial piety, but also the ultimate goal that filial piety should strive to achieve. Benevolence is the highest criterion of human behavior and a universal principle. To realize this principle, there must be a similar starting point, that is, filial piety. The Book of Rites The Doctrine of the Mean: "Kindness is also the greatest." In a word, filial piety put forward by Confucius is actually a kind of family ethics, which changes filial piety from clan ethics to family ethics.