Grassland disaster prevention and mitigation work system

First, fully understand the importance and urgency of strengthening grassland protection and construction.

(1) Grassland plays an important role in national economy and ecological environment. China has a large grassland area, which is mainly distributed in the frontier of the motherland. Grassland is the main inhabited area of ethnic minorities, the basic means of production for herders to survive, the main vegetation to maintain ecological balance in arid areas in the west and north, and grassland animal husbandry is the pillar industry of pastoral economy. Strengthening grassland protection and construction is of great significance for promoting unity in ethnic minority areas, maintaining border stability and social stability, maintaining ecological security, accelerating economic development in pastoral areas and improving the living standards of herders.

(2) It is urgent to strengthen grassland protection and construction. At present, 90% of the available natural grasslands in China have been degraded to varying degrees, with an annual growth rate of 2 million hectares. The trend of grassland overgrazing has not fundamentally changed, and grassland destruction such as indiscriminate mining and excavation has occurred from time to time, and the desertification area has been increasing. The continuous deterioration of grassland ecological environment not only restricts the development of grassland animal husbandry, affects the income of farmers and herdsmen, but also directly threatens the ecological security of the country. Grassland protection and construction need to be strengthened. In accordance with the overall requirements of overall planning, classified guidance, highlighting key points, giving priority to protection, strengthening construction and sustainable utilization, effective measures should be taken to curb the grassland degradation trend, improve grassland production capacity and promote sustainable utilization of grassland. After a period of hard work, we will realize a virtuous circle of grassland ecology and promote the coordinated development of economy, society and ecological environment.

Second, establish and improve the grassland protection system

(1) Establish a basic grassland protection system. Establish a basic grassland protection system, and designate artificial grassland, improved grassland, important grazing land, mowing land and grassland nature reserve as basic grasslands, and implement a strict protection system. No unit or individual may requisition, occupy or change the use of basic grasslands without authorization. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall earnestly perform their duties and do a good job in the delineation, protection, supervision and management of basic grasslands within their respective administrative areas. Measures for the implementation of the basic grassland protection system shall be formulated by the relevant departments of the State Council.

(two) the implementation of grass and livestock balance system. According to the amount of forage provided by grassland in a certain period, the amount of livestock raised is determined and the balance between grass and livestock is implemented. The Ministry of Agriculture should formulate standards for grassland carrying capacity and measures for the management of grass and livestock balance as soon as possible, and strengthen the guidance, supervision and inspection of the work of grass and livestock balance. Provincial animal husbandry administrative departments shall be responsible for the organization, implementation and technical guidance of the balance between grass and livestock within their respective administrative areas. The administrative department of animal husbandry at the county level shall be responsible for the specific management of the balance of grass and livestock within its administrative area, and regularly check the carrying capacity of grassland. Local people's governments at all levels should strengthen publicity, enhance the awareness of ecological protection of farmers and herdsmen, encourage farmers and herdsmen to actively develop forage production, improve livestock varieties, control the number of grassland livestock, gradually solve the problem of grassland overload and overgrazing, and realize the dynamic balance of grass and livestock.

(three) the implementation of rotational grazing, grazing prohibition and grazing prohibition system. In order to make rational and effective use of grasslands, rotational grazing is practiced in pastoral areas; In order to protect the normal growth and reproduction of forage grass, seasonal grazing is suspended during the green turning period in spring and the fruiting period in autumn; In order to restore grassland vegetation, grazing is prohibited in ecologically fragile areas and areas with serious grassland degradation. All localities should actively guide and organize the implementation of rotational grazing, grazing suspension and grazing prohibition in a planned and step-by-step manner. Local animal husbandry administrative departments at all levels should proceed from reality and adjust measures to local conditions to formulate feasible plans for rotational grazing, grazing suspension and grazing prohibition.

Third, stabilize and improve grassland production capacity.

(1) Strengthen grassland infrastructure construction in pastoral areas, focusing on fences and water conservancy. Focus on infrastructure construction such as grassland fences, water conservancy in pastoral areas, livestock sheds and forage reserves, rationally develop and utilize water resources, strengthen the construction of forage base, artificial grassland and improved grassland, and enhance the supply capacity of forage.

(2) Accelerate the management of degraded grasslands. Local people's governments at or above the county level shall take biological, engineering and agronomic measures to speed up the management of degraded grasslands in accordance with the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and treating both the symptoms and the root causes. The state encourages units and individuals to control degraded grasslands. At present, it is necessary to focus on the management of degraded grasslands in the western region and gradually restore their ecological functions and production capacity.

(3) Improve the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation. Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, combining prevention with control" and do a good job in grassland disaster prevention and reduction. Local people's governments at all levels should conscientiously implement the Regulations on Grassland Fire Prevention in People's Republic of China (PRC), strengthen the prevention and fighting of grassland fires, and improve the means of fire prevention and fighting; It is necessary to organize the delineation of grassland fire prevention responsibility areas, determine grassland fire prevention responsibility units, and establish grassland fire prevention responsibility system; Grassland fire prevention work in key grassland fire prevention areas shall implement the administrative leadership responsibility system of relevant local people's governments and the leadership responsibility system of departments and units. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of rodent pests in grassland, strengthen the prediction of rodent pests, formulate the prevention and control plan of rodent pests, and take comprehensive control measures such as biology, physics and chemistry to reduce the harm of rodent pests in grassland. It is necessary to highlight the use of biological control technology to prevent grassland environmental pollution and maintain ecological balance.

Four, the implementation of cultivated grassland returning farmland to grassland

(a) clear the scope and key areas of returning farmland to grassland. It is conducive to improving the ecological environment, serious soil erosion and desertification. In the near future, we should focus on returning farmland to grassland in the source areas of rivers, aeolian sand sources, farming-pastoral ecotone and areas with great ecological impact. We should give priority to ecological benefits, give consideration to the production and life of farmers and herdsmen and local economic development, and speed up the work of returning farmland to grassland.

(2) Improve and implement policies and measures for returning farmland to grassland. The state subsidizes farmers and herdsmen who have returned farmland to grassland with food, cash and seed expenses. According to the national policies and measures on returning farmland to forests and grasslands, the Office of the Leading Group for the Development of the Western Region of the State Council, together with the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Grain Bureau and other relevant departments, formulated specific implementation opinions on returning farmland to forests and grasslands. All relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should organize the project counties to prepare the implementation plan of the project of returning farmland to grassland, do a good job in the design of township operations, and implement the project tasks to Tiantou plots and farmers. Local animal husbandry administrative departments at all levels should strengthen the construction of grass seed bases to ensure the supply of excellent grass seeds; Do a good job in technical guidance and service to improve the quality of the project of returning farmland to grassland. After the task of returning farmland to grassland is completed, the administrative department of animal husbandry at or above the county level shall verify the registration, perform the procedures for land use change according to law, and the people's government at or above the county level shall issue grassland use certificates.

Five, change the management mode of grassland animal husbandry

(a) actively promote the way of captivity. In grassland grazing prohibition, grazing suspension and rotational grazing areas, it is necessary to gradually change the mode of production that relies on natural grassland grazing, vigorously promote the mode of house feeding and captive breeding, actively build high-yield artificial grassland and forage forage base, and increase forage yield. The state gives food and financial subsidies to the implementation of house feeding and captive breeding, and the specific subsidy standards and measures shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of Agriculture in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance and other relevant departments.

(2) Adjust and optimize the regional layout. According to the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions and giving full play to comparative advantages, we will adjust and optimize the regional layout of grassland animal husbandry, and gradually form a production pattern of farming in pastoral areas, fattening in agricultural areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. Pastoral areas should highlight grassland protection, scientifically and reasonably control the number of livestock, strengthen the improvement of natural grasslands and livestock varieties, and improve the slaughter rate and commodity rate of livestock. Semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas should vigorously develop artificial grass planting, implement grass-field rotation, and promote the technology of returning straw to the field after livestock abdomen.

Intransitive verbs promote scientific and technological progress in grassland protection and construction

(1) Strengthen grassland science and technology research and development. Strengthen the basic theoretical research on grassland degradation mechanism and ecological succession law, and strengthen the research and development of key technologies such as macro-control technology for grassland ecosystem restoration and reconstruction and breeding of high-quality stress-resistant forage varieties. Grass seed production, natural grassland vegetation restoration, artificial grassland construction, grass product processing, biological control of rats and pests and other key technologies that have great influence on grassland protection and construction. Animal husbandry administrative departments and science and technology departments at all levels should concentrate on scientific and technological research. All localities should attach importance to the application of biotechnology, remote sensing and modern information technology in grassland protection and construction.

(2) Accelerate the introduction of new grassland technologies and new forage varieties. Scientific research units should change their concepts and strengthen technology introduction and exchange. At present, we should focus on introducing new varieties of drought-resistant and cold-resistant forage grass, and strengthen the introduction of advanced technologies such as grass seed breeding, grassland ecological protection, grass seed and grass product processing.

(three) to increase the popularization of grassland application technology. Strengthen the construction of grassland technology extension team, improve service means and enhance service ability. Accelerate the popularization of suitable technologies such as vegetation restoration in degraded grassland, high-yield and high-quality artificial grassland construction, biological pest control and rodent control. Pay close attention to the establishment of a number of grassland ecological protection and construction science and technology demonstration fields to promote the transformation of grassland scientific research achievements as soon as possible. Relevant local departments should strengthen technical training for farmers and herdsmen.

Seven, increase investment in grassland protection and construction.

(a) scientific planning, strict organization and implementation. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall, according to the grassland protection and construction plan at the next higher level and in combination with local conditions, formulate the grassland ecological protection and construction plan within their respective administrative areas. After the approval of the people's government at the same level, strictly organize the implementation. Grassland ecological protection and construction planning should be linked with the overall land use planning, returning farmland to grassland planning and sand prevention planning, and coordinated with the long-term development planning of water conservancy, soil and water conservation and forestry in pastoral areas.

(2) Broaden the sources of funds and increase grassland investment. Local people's governments at all levels shall incorporate grassland protection and construction into local national economic and social development plans. The central and local governments should increase investment in grassland protection and construction, and state-owned commercial banks should increase credit investment in pasture industrialization. At the same time, actively guide social funds, expand the scale of foreign capital utilization, broaden financing channels, and increase investment in grassland protection and construction.

(3) Highlight key construction points and improve investment efficiency. The state's investment in grassland protection and construction is mainly used for the restoration and construction of natural grasslands, the management of degraded grasslands, and the return of grazing and grassland in ecologically fragile areas. It is necessary to strengthen project quality management and improve the efficiency of capital use. At present, the relevant departments in the State Council should sum up the experience of natural grassland restoration and construction, cooperate with each other, and focus on promoting the restoration and construction of natural grassland.

Eight, strengthen grassland supervision and management, monitoring and early warning work.

(1) Strengthen grassland supervision and management according to law. All localities should conscientiously implement the Grassland Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and strengthen grassland supervision and management according to law. Grassland supervision and management departments should earnestly perform their duties, do a good job in grassland laws and regulations publicity and grassland law enforcement. At present, it is necessary to focus on investigating and dealing with cases of human-made destruction of grasslands, prohibiting the collection and sale of Nostoc flagelliforme and strictly managing the collection of wild plants such as licorice and ephedra.

(two) to strengthen the construction of grassland supervision and management team. Grassland supervision and management departments are the main force of people's governments at all levels to protect grasslands according to law. It is necessary to improve grassland supervision and management institutions and improve grassland supervision and management means. Grassland supervision and management departments should strengthen their own team building and improve the quality of personnel and the level of law enforcement.

(3) Conscientiously do a good job in grassland ecological monitoring and early warning. Grassland ecological monitoring is the basis of grassland protection. Local administrative departments of agriculture and animal husbandry at all levels should pay close attention to the establishment and improvement of grassland ecological monitoring and early warning system, focusing on monitoring grassland area, production capacity, ecological environment, grassland biological disasters, grassland protection and construction benefits.

Nine, strengthen the leadership of grassland protection and construction.

Local people's governments at all levels should put grassland protection and construction on the important agenda, and provincial people's governments in key pastoral areas should take overall responsibility for grassland protection and construction, and implement the target responsibility system of city (prefecture) and county (city) governments. At the same time, in accordance with the principle of long-term and household-to-household, we will further implement the grassland household contract system, fulfill the responsibility of grassland production, management, protection and construction, and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen to protect and build grasslands. All relevant departments should cooperate closely and do a good job in supporting grassland protection and construction. Local animal husbandry administrative departments at all levels should do a good job in specific organization to ensure the smooth development of grassland protection and construction.