Li Hongzhang, the most unjust man in history, took the blame and was dragged to him.

Strangely, it is easy for China people to forgive the rulers themselves, but it is difficult to forgive those who act as their assistants. For example, in Zhao Gou and Qin Gui, people give the latter more spittle. Think about it with their heels, and you will know that without Zhao Gou's encouragement and support, how could Qin Gui have such great energy and courage? For example, old ladies like Cixi and Li Hongzhang were buried with the whole Qing Dynasty for their own happiness. In the history of China, there is nothing more traitorous than her, but the abuse we hear is more directed at Li Hongzhang.

People often say that times make heroes, but times also make scapegoats!

Personally, I think Li Hongzhang is the most unjust scapegoat in the history of China. There was only one traitor in the Qing Dynasty, that is, the old lady who held the actual power in the Qing Dynasty. This is from the aspect of ownership. Of course, people without ownership are not without the idea of betraying the country, but that is limited to those who seek power in the opposition.

In "China and Great Changes in Modern World", Mr. Jiang Tingfu put it in a nutshell: the rulers of Beiyang government also have national consciousness and do not want to betray their country, but internal affairs force them to betray their country because they need foreign aid. Generally speaking, the cost paid by North Korea is relatively low, because it needs relatively little foreign aid; Outsiders pay a higher price, and in order to come to power, they will not hesitate to write a bigger traitor check.

Xue Er, an Australian Chinese scholar, directly named Yuan Shikai in the book Out of Print Wu Jia: "Many of the' Twenty-one Articles' that caused Yuan Shikai to be reviled by the whole people have long reached an understanding with the southern revolutionaries, but the revolutionary party never had a chance to seize power and failed to put them into practice."

Fortunately, Li Hongzhang, like his teacher Zeng Guofan, has no heart of Si Mazhao. Otherwise, he can make some deals, get some foreign aid, and start from Guangdong and Guangxi. It is not impossible to indulge the emperor!

Whose is Qing? Don't tell me that Qing belongs to all Qing citizens. Being a slave can't be so romantic! When Gong Zizhen's son led the British and French allied forces to the Yuanmingyuan, the boy did not have this complex. The rulers at that time had always been "making friends instead of being slaves" and "staying at home before going abroad". They have no idea about a country at all. They just want to be at home. Judy wants to replace Wen Jian, but Fang Xiaoru opposes it. Judy was very angry and said, this is my family's business! After the failure of Liang's political reform, the old lady wanted to abolish Guangxu. Foreign envoys in Beijing objected, and the old lady was annoyed: this is my family's ear. In a word, the abnormal transition of the country's top leaders is a family matter and has nothing to do with the people. If the people themselves eagerly gather together, wouldn't it be a hot face and a cold ass? In short, there is only one person in the Qing Dynasty who can commit treason-the old lady!

In modern terms, the whole Qing Dynasty was a company limited by shares. Its shareholders are Manchu and a few Han bureaucrats. Its legal representative is Guangxu, and its chairman is of course an old lady. As for Li Hongzhang, he is the executive manager of the sales department at best. According to the normal operation of the company, only the old lady can sign and seal in the end. Zhang Hong is just an errand boy. He will run only if he wants you to run. If he doesn't want you to run at once, he has to stand at attention and stand aside. Therefore, only the old lady can say "measure China's material resources and win the favor of the country", and it is a matter of course! Where are the others? It's overreaching to say that you are betraying your country; To say patriotism is self-love!

The Great Qing Dynasty is not the people of the Great Qing Dynasty, so even if Li Hongzhang is a traitor, the people can't control it! The Great Qing Dynasty is not owned by Li Hongzhang, and he can't sell that country if he wants to.

Strangely, it is easy for China people to forgive the rulers themselves, but it is difficult to forgive those who act as their assistants. For example, in Zhao Gou and Qin Gui, people give the latter more spittle. Think about it with their heels, and you will know that without Zhao Gou's encouragement and support, how could Qin Gui have such great energy and courage? For example, old ladies like Cixi and Li Hongzhang buried themselves with the whole Qing Dynasty for their own enjoyment. There were no traitors in the history of China, but the abuse we heard was more directed at Li Hongzhang. Comrade Lao Li is at best a traitor's agent after the old lady, but the historical ending we see is: the old lady took a shit and Li Hongzhang wiped her ass; After the old lady betrayed the country, Li Hongzhang took the blame! Poor Li Er!

In the second year of Guangxu, Zhang Hong wrote to his friend: "Today, I want to talk about the sacred moment of Westernization. Everyone is afraid of talking, tired of talking, unscrupulous at the slightest sign of trouble, and rarely misses the country. You don't like talking about it. If I don't speak, how can the world support it? "

This sentence makes me feel ashamed of how many men are indifferent to patriotism. Zhang Hong said so, especially so. The problem is that God doesn't bless people. The tree of life in the Qing Dynasty has fallen down, and Comrade Zhang Hong has no branches to rely on. Liang Qichao thought that Li Hongzhang was "talented without knowledge, experienced without blood", showed respect for Li Hongzhang's talent, cherished Li Hongzhang's knowledge and expressed condolences over Li Hongzhang's experience. The most sympathetic thing is: "the sadness of meeting Li Hongzhang." In my opinion, history pushed Li Hongzhang to the peak of his career, and at the same time kicked him into the mud pit of fame. Some diplomatic treaties in the history of the late Qing Dynasty became evidence of Li Hongzhang's treason: 1876, he signed the Sino-British Yantai Treaty with Britain and followed the country once; 1895 signed the treaty of shimonoseki with Japan and betrayed the country twice; 1896 signed a secret agreement with Russia and betrayed the country three times. 190 1 signed the treaty of shame and ugliness with foreign powers in, which was the last time to betray the country. But it's already three o'clock. After three, it will be four. It is so boring. After that, it can't be sold, because one betrayed the country; Second, the old man betrayed the country's success and was so excited that he vomited blood several times and died!

As for the content of the treaty, I won't say it. There were no cell phones at that time, but short messages were very popular. "Teacher Li Er is a traitor" was known to all women and children at that time, and there was a saying in front of it, "Yang San died ugly", deliberately taking a Beijing-style actor and Li Bibi, as if the adults in the main hall were the best actors in modern times. The rulers of the Qing dynasty had a high interest and ability to make people sick by changing their ways, but few people thought of it. What is the fundamental factor that determines a country's international status, the quality of diplomats or the strength of the whole country? A table tennis player can rank in the sports meeting according to his own strength, even if his country is weak; For a diplomat, if his country is particularly weak, the system, economy, politics, culture and diplomacy are all weak, he wants to cheat. If it doesn't follow the rules of the game, the war is thousands of miles away, and the supreme leader runs faster than the rabbit, how can he be smart? Chunqiu.com also took the initiative to reduce the content of the treaty! American scholars commented on this: "The Sino-Japanese War was a complete disaster from beginning to end. China's most effective chip is not its remaining Lu Haijun strength, but the guilt of a Japanese fanatic who hurt Li Hongzhang. "

In the government, perhaps only the devil Gong Liu can understand Zhang Hong. A few days before Zhang Hong's departure, Gong Wang led several military planes and said, "China's defeat was due to its failure to westernize, not Li Hongzhang's fault!" This made Zhang Hong cry!

During the Shimonoseki negotiations, Li Hongzhang's negotiator Ito Bowen also privately asked the old man out of personal relationship: "Ten years ago, when I was in Tianjin, I talked to nave. Why has nothing changed so far? The minister is deeply sorry. " Zhang Hong replied, "When I heard your minister talk about this, I admired your minister for changing customs. Things in our country, limited by customs, failed to get what they wanted. At that time, your minister advised Yun that China had a vast territory and a large population, and it was necessary to gradually change dynasties. Ten years later, I'm still so sad. I am more than willing to do it, but I am unable to do it. "

No, I can't. I'm just a paperhanger. What's more, the system and personnel of the Qing Dynasty led the western media at that time to think that the so-called Sino-Japanese War was just Li Hongzhang's war.

Zhang betrayed the country in Maguan, and when he left, he swore that he would "live up to this life." Unexpectedly, a year later, he ended his trip to the United States, but he had to change ships via Yokohama, Japan. For the sake of his spirit and body, he resolutely refused to have any kind of relationship with Japan, and the old man refused to go ashore anyway. The attendants were helpless, so they had to set up a springboard between the American ship and the merchant ship of the China Empire sailing to meet him, and risked falling into the sea to help him change ships. But all this did not bring any sympathy and understanding to Zhang Hong. Instead, his traitor hat rolled up.

In a letter to a friend, Zhang said, "In the past ten years, entertainment and martial arts have led to this change. Paying attention to armaments on weekdays means wasting money and even buying machines and ships, which is strictly prohibited. Once something happens, I know that the troops are lost and I am confused by the crowd. Once lost, it is easy and irreversible. The value of making peace after the war can be compared with the urgency of the capital crisis and more unusual exchanges. As soon as the matter is over, the slanderers will start again, knowing that I am guilty, and you can analyze it in one breath. " People don't understand, that's all. Who makes us stupid?

The problem is that the government is not good to Zhang Hong either. As soon as he returned home after traveling around the world, Zhang Hong met the cold face of the government. His new job is to "walk on the yamen of the Prime Minister" and is called "the Prime Minister with food" by foreign friend Lin Lezhi. Interestingly, on the same day that Zhang Hong was promoted to the position of Prime Minister and Minister of yamen, he was also punished with a one-year unpaid leave. There is a simple reason. I went to the Summer Palace to report my work to the old lady. I didn't listen to the eunuch when I came back. By the way, I visited the abandoned royal garden burned by the British and French Coalition forces. In a word, the ruins belong to the Aisingiorro family, and subjects are not allowed to enter.

For this kind of treatment, Zhang Hong's patriotism remains undiminished. He wrote to his friends that the more he saw abroad, the more "he was worried about taking care of himself". I know, old man, the distance between China and the West is not generally far. The question is who will listen to him? Two years later, even the accompanying prime minister refused to be a pawn and simply hung up. Later, in order to abolish Guangxu and capture Kang Liang alive, the Queen Mother sent Zhang Hong to the post of Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. It was not until the old lady provoked Eight-Nation Alliance into China that she remembered Hongzhang's traitorous specialty and transferred him to Zhili Governor and Beiyang Minister.

People are all beautiful women to save heroes, while Zhang Hong is an old man to save widows. The 78-year-old man heard that the foreign consul celebrated his re-coming out of the mountain and dropped these four words: "Who is it?" A close friend asked Lord Zhang Hong what he thought of state affairs. The old man choked and touched the ground with a cane: "How to stop civil strife? How can civil strife stop? " When asked how to reduce the loss of the country, the old man burst into tears and said, "I can't predict!" " I don't know if I can do it until I try my best to grind and slow down the years. A monk kept knocking all day, but the bell didn't ring and the monk died! "

Zhang Hong went down the mountain to betray the country because of the Boxer Rebellion, which was invited by the government again and again. The ministers of the DPRK, including Rong Lu, almost begged. Even the German Foreign Ministry said that as long as Li Hongzhang went north, the chaos would be smooth. But Zhang Hong will not go north easily. He is not stupid. He knows that although he knows some rules of international games and is good at wiping his ass, he can't wipe his ass even if he has the ability to leave the Great Sage in the sky like the Queen Mother. Chunqiu.com (

Thanks to his cooperation with Governor Zhang Zhidong of Huguang, Governor Liu Kunyi and Governor Sheng Xuanhuai of Liangjiang, the "Southeast Mutual Insurance" regulations were formulated, so that the southeastern part of China was not involved in the northern chaos. When the government declared war, Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhidong seized the decree on the one hand and explained it to foreign consuls on the other. We won't listen to the government. According to the articles of association, you protect the concession, we protect the ground and do not interfere with each other. In contrast, Zhang Hong was heroic and said, "This is an imperial decree, and Guangdong will not accept it!" !

Now the government invited him to go north, but he didn't give it well, so that all the telegrams that the government invited him out of the mountain had the following statement: "This minister owes a lot, especially compared with other ministers. Can he sit back and ignore the overall situation? " The queen mother's kindness is deeper than the sea. I wonder what kind of kindness Zhang Hong has received. Anyway, if you don't come out and betray others, that's the real traitor.

So Zhang Hong went to the north. When I arrived in Shanghai, I realized that Tianjin had fallen, Beijing was in danger, and the old man never left. He said that he had diarrhea due to a cold, and he couldn't move or stand steadily. He asked for leave for 20 days. That's a good excuse. The Queen Mother can shit her pants, and so can my Zhang Hong. Besides, I'm 78 years old, so I naturally have to pull my stomach back and feel risky. At the same time, Governor Zhang Zhidong of Huguang sent a telegram, exempting the government from the responsibility of saving the Queen Mother and asking Li Hongzhang to sign it. Seeing his nameless fire, Zhang Yi patted Zhang Zhidong's powerful telegram and gave the old lady a big reprimand: "I am responsible for the misunderstanding of others' words and the rampage of boxing bandits. This is well known at home and abroad. "

I don't know whether the contents of this telegram will reach the Queen Mother, but there is no doubt that the old man is very brave. After the old lady's bun, he dared to stroke it. Later, the government urged him to give him a plenipotentiary. Liu Kunyi, Governor of Liangjiang, sent a congratulatory message, saying, "Congratulations to the Plenipotentiary, you have been transferred to Kunming, and you have taken a bath. You are a public servant of the people! "