Principle of Golden Pagoda —— The second part is thinking logic.

All ideas in the same group must have a certain logical order. These ideas are not piled up at random, but because you see some logic in them.

There are only three kinds of inductive grouping analysis activities in the brain.

1, determine the causal relationship

A set of behaviors representing a process or system must be arranged in chronological order, and the generalization of this set of behaviors must be the results or goals to be achieved by taking these behaviors.

2. The whole is divided into parts, or parts become whole.

If you need to find out "the key elements of the success of this industry", you should first draw the structure diagram of the industry, and then determine the necessary elements for the success of each part. The logical relationship between these necessary elements corresponds to the relationship between the parts in the industry structure drawn before. This logical order is the structural order.

3. Group similar transactions according to their importance.

According to the degree of these problems, they are arranged in the order of "importance" or "degree" from high to low, from important to secondary, or from big to small. This is the degree order, also known as the comparison order or the importance order.

In a chronological thinking group, the actions that must be taken to achieve a certain result are stated in the order in which they are taken.

Find the reason according to the result.

Example:

In the first stage, the following measures should be taken:

1, talking to key managers and supervisors

2. Track and record trading behavior and workflow.

3. Identify all key business links.

4. Analyze the organizational structure

5, understand the service and performance measures.

6. Evaluate the performance level of business functions.

7. Find out the problems and reasons

8. Discover potential opportunities to improve production efficiency.

These steps are not at the same level of abstraction, and some are to realize others.

In the first stage, we will identify areas that may improve production efficiency:

1, to determine the key business links of the enterprise.

-Talk to key personnel

—Track and record transaction behaviors and workflows.

2. Find out the weaknesses in the business.

-adjusting the organizational structure.

—Formulate and implement service and performance management measures.

-Assess the performance level.

3. Put forward practical reform suggestions.

Reveal the implied logical thinking

The conclusion may be based on an implicit logical process.

Structural order is the order in which you imagine something with a schematic diagram, map, picture or photo.

When dividing the whole into different parts, you must ensure that the divided parts meet the requirements of MECE:

Each part is independent of each other, without overlap and exclusion.

All parts are completely used up and there is no omission.

There are usually three ways to divide organizational activities:

According to the activity itself (R&D, production, marketing): If the division emphasizes the activity itself, then each part shows a logical process (flow), so the time sequence is adopted.

According to the location of activities (East, Central and West countries, Western countries): If the location is emphasized in the division, then each part presents the geographical situation and should adopt the structural order.

According to the activity set for a specific product, market or customer (each business department, business department, tire department, hardware department and sports equipment department): if the activities related to a certain product or market are emphasized when dividing, then the division is a classification. Every part of the idea should be in the order of importance, and the criterion for judging the importance can be any ranking standard (such as sales volume and investment amount). )

Once the logical structure is established, each part can be described from top to bottom and from left to right in turn.

When dealing with logical structure, people often imagine the logical process related to it, especially when making suggestions to modify the existing structure.

In this case, the most appropriate order is to draw all the parts in turn on white paper and present them to the reader.

For example, a beverage company decided to change the packaging of its products from glass bottles to plastic bottles. However, in the source of product packaging, enterprises are faced with two choices: one is to buy plastic bottles from outside; The other is to develop the production capacity of plastic bottles by ourselves. The author's position is against producing plastic bottles by himself.

Investing in the production of plastic bottles will face a series of internal and external risks and restrictions:

1, technical risk-immature design problems

2. Environmental risks-The law may prohibit the production of non-recyclable plastic products.

3. Preferential risk-during the period of inflation, customers may not welcome preferential packaging.

4. Non-exclusive distribution: (1) External sales will reduce the marketing function; (2) Due to the ownership problem, it is difficult to sell to other enterprises.

5. More investment-the payback period is too long.

6. Negative impact on earnings per share (increased due to leverage)

7. Recent R&D expenses

8. The cash flow problem of the company-the existing business development needs funds.

9. Glass manufacturers have greatly reduced the price of their products, and the expansion rate of plastic products is lower than that of glass products.

10. When we enter the plastic manufacturing industry, other plastic manufacturers may greatly reduce their product prices because of their low investment profit rate (mostly in the range of 7%- 10%).

1 1. The typical feature of the container industry is low profit, and the key to entering this industry is low-cost production. Entering this industry may lead to a decline in our share price yield.

List the author's objections one by one:

1, with high cost.

2. Legal restrictions

3, forced to reduce sales or prices.

4. Low sales volume

5. High input and low return.

6. Earnings per share decreased.

7. High cost

8. It must be a loan

9. Be forced to lower the price

10, forced to reduce the price

1 1, the gross profit is low, and the rate of return on the stock price decreases.

Putting all the factors together, we can see that the original author's intention is to express:

Before entering the plastic container production industry, we should carefully consider it;

If the law prohibits the production of non-recyclable products, we may not be able to start the project at all.

Even if the law is not promulgated, changing the project will reduce our profitability.

Recently, reduce earnings per share.

In the long run, reduce the return on investment.

After understanding the author's idea, the author did not consider one factor, that is, evaluating the possible favorable impact of plastic containers on product sales.

The order adopted by a group of companies gathered together because of certain characteristics, such as 3 questions, 4 reasons, 5 factors, etc.

In order to prove that the two groups are mutually exclusive, you must clearly point out that all the problems in each group have the same characteristics, and then according to your knowledge, make sure that all the problems with this characteristic are included in the reorganization. Then, in each group, according to the degree of each problem with this feature, the order is first strong and then weak, first important and then secondary.

The customer is not satisfied with the sales report and inventory report.

1. The reporting period is not appropriate.

2. The inventory data is unreliable.

3. It is too late to get the inventory data.

4. The inventory data is inconsistent with the sales data.

5. The customer wants to improve the report format.

6. The customer wants to delete meaningless data.

7. Customers want to emphasize special circumstances.

8. Customers want to reduce manual calculation.

Divide it into several categories.

The logical sequence presents a process, which depends on the question to be answered.

Want to know what an idea really wants to express, only through the following process:

1, to determine the type (category) of reorganization ideas.

2. Classify and group the same type of ideas.

3. Find out the order between different ideas.

Every rule of the golden pyramid principle: the idea of each layer of the pyramid structure must be the refinement and generalization of the next layer.

If it is the conclusion of deductive reasoning, we only need to summarize and generalize the final conclusion of this group of thoughts, and we can get higher-level thoughts.

If it is inductive grouping method, grouping consists of closely related ideas, and the ideas at the next higher level must explain the meaning represented by the relationship between the ideas in the group.

Thoughtless sentence:

Companies should set three goals.

The company has two problems.

We propose five reforms.

Summarize each group of thoughts, ensure that the thoughts belong to the same group, and abstract, refine and summarize the essence of the thoughts.

Avoid using "thoughtless" sentences when summarizing sentences.

For example:

John said he was the best person to write Samuel's biography. He has three reasons:

They all come from poor counties;

They are all studying at Oxford University;

They all have similar literary hobbies;

I don't agree. No one in that county is telling the truth at all.

Question:

1, sitting there waiting for someone to express some ideas to you, only to hear a "no idea" (three reasons), and didn't get any ideas from the other party.

2. When you hear the other person say that "they are all from poor counties", you will assume that this is the main idea of the other person and you will not listen to the next two points.

The correct statement is:

A: John says he is the best person to write Samuel's biography because he and Samuel are the same kind of people.

This example illustrates the importance of summing up ideas. Your mind is more prepared to hear "they belong to the same kind of people" than "he did it for three reasons", and it is easier to understand the information he heard later.

If you have got a general idea, you can continue to think in the following ways on the basis of this idea:

Make a further comment on it (deductive method)

Find similar ideas (induction)

We must ensure that the overall idea is summed up reasonably according to an appropriate group of ideas.

For example, a colleague wrote "there are two organizational problems in changing companies" and then listed these two problems. But after thinking about the roots and similarities of these two problems, he found that he was not talking about "organizational problems", but "areas in the company that need more authorization"

How to make a correct summary?

1, be sure to check the grouping basis of reorganization ideas to ensure mutual independence and complete exhaustion.

2. Determine the type of statement that can give a general idea.

The expression of ideas can be action statement, that is, telling readers what to do, or descriptive statement, that is, telling readers something.

When summing up the thinking of action (introducing action, behavior, action, steps and process), it is necessary to explain the results (effects and goals) obtained after taking action.

When summarizing descriptive thoughts (introducing background and information), we should explain the meaning of * * * similarity (meaning of * * * similarity) of these thoughts.

The concluding sentence should explain the result/goal of the action.

If someone takes a series of concrete actions, it will definitely produce the concrete results that have been explained before. A process composed of many action ideas may include a series of unique closed systems at different levels.

However, when listing some actions that should be taken to achieve a certain goal, we should first spend the results that these actions should achieve, and then judge whether we have missed it. However, the results achieved by actions depend on the specific actions implemented by * * *. This interdependence of actions and results makes it difficult for you to clear your mind, especially when instructions include many steps and stages.

Clear thinking and easy expression skills;

Before the connecting action (step, process, etc.). ), describing actions (steps, processes, etc.). ) use clear statements.

Find out the obvious causal relationship combination, and try to control the actions and steps in each group within 5.

Directly from these actions, steps and processes, the results and objectives of the actions are summarized.

Use clear words/sentences when summarizing sentences.

Every thought must be mutually exclusive with another thought in the same group, and the thoughts in each group must be completely exhausted in order to summarize their own thoughts at a higher level.

When judging whether a group of ideas is completely exhausted, we must clearly point out the results or goals we expect this group of actions to achieve.

Exodus In order to discuss this issue in a healthy and beneficial way, and to minimize contradictions from turning into conflicts, the task force must do the following.

1, dealing with various personal attitude problems.

2. Establish a good relationship with the employees of the company.

3. Develop good dialogue skills

4. Effective arrangement and conversation.

5. Learn to seek common ground while reserving differences

What exactly does the task force want to do? How to have a healthy and beneficial debate? If these five points are achieved, what effect will they achieve?

Without the ultimate goal and the standard to measure success, it is impossible to judge whether these steps can achieve this goal. The way to avoid this problem is to force yourself to find a clear final result, goal and milestone, so that you can judge that you have completed a step.

Example: A series of action steps suggested by the author.

Statistics and collection of accounts receivable:

1. Regularly count the overdue time of large and medium-sized accounts receivable.

2. Send a dunning notice according to the amount owed and the overdue time.

3. Recover overdue accounts

4. Long-term overdue accounts receivable shall be settled by the directors of the company.

5. Use the collection company if necessary.

These goals are not clear in themselves (how to "collect" overdue accounts receivable) and the steps are not clear. The author makes the following explanation:

He said that the overdue time was between 1-6 months and the amount was between 100 and 100, and he would do this:

1, 1 month overdue accounts, without taking any action, only let the financial department send the bill in the normal way.

2. For accounts overdue for 2 months, the Finance Department will issue a dunning notice.

3, overdue for 3 months, by the sales staff collection.

4. The accounts overdue for 4 months shall be collected by the directors of the company.

5. Accounts overdue for more than 4 months shall be handled by the collection company.

A clearer structure should be as follows:

Reduce accounts receivable:

1. Classify overdue accounts by overdue time and amount.

2. According to the severity of overdue accounts, the following methods are adopted for collection: finance department, sales staff, company directors and debt collection companies.

The conclusion sentence should explain the result:

Before linking all actions, describe all actions, steps, processes, etc. The sentence is clear.

Find out the obvious causal relationship and control the actions and steps of each group below 5.

Directly from these actions, steps and processes, the results and objectives of the actions are summarized.

Distinguish the levels of action steps

If you want the reader to do one action before the next, then the two actions belong to the same level; If you want the reader to take the previous action in order to produce the next action, then the previous action is the next level of the next action.

For example, if a company wants to know the problems existing in its telecommunications, it can use the following scheme:

1, analysis of existing equipment and its usage.

2. Determine the main services that need more (less) telecom support.

3. Establish the goal of telecommunication service.

4. Organize researchers to evaluate.

5. Check the relationship with telecom service providers.

6, determine the main technical scheme

7. Control the cost of internal communication

8, research equipment service policy

9. Check the existing communication.

10, determine the organizational form.

Distinguish between different levels of action:

1, set the target of telecommunication service (3)

—Analysis of existing equipment and usage (1)

-Identify the main services that need telecommunication support (2)

Check the existing communication link (9)

2, set up a project team, choose the right equipment (4)

-Identify main technical options (6)

-Study on equipment service policy (8)

-Check the relationship with the telecommunication service provider (5)

3. Establish enterprise management framework.

-Appoint the Telecentre Manager (? )

-Establish a cost control system (7)

Some actions are grouped simply because they can produce a specific result together. The classification of actions and steps will inevitably lead to repetition, because there is no essential difference between tasks, goals and interests. The only reasonable way to organize actions and steps is to classify and group them according to the results they produce.

For example, an enterprise hired a consulting company for the strategic planning ability of employees during a training period, and the consulting company classified the suggested actions.

Try to cut off the decorative components, leaving only the essential core content, and find out the repeated parts.

Build a pyramid structure according to the result of the action.

Draw the following views

We will let your company quickly master the knowledge of strategic planning (2, 7, 13).

1. Train two product consulting groups on strategic planning methods and concepts (1, 12).

2. Adjust the teaching content according to your company's existing planning mechanism (4, 5, 8, 9).

3. In the next planning cycle, apply the learned concepts (3,6, 10, 1 1, 14) to your employees.

Directly summarize the consequences of the action.

Matters needing attention when summarizing the results:

The actions and steps in this group must be independent of each other, without overlapping, completely exhausted and missing.

To sum up the general statement, it is necessary to explain the direct result after completing each action step, and the wording must be clear and specific.

Examples of fuzzy language:

The problems faced by product development include:

1. How to integrate the functions that the company and the market want this product to have into the product development process?

2. How to arrange and allocate the company's resources for different projects?

3. How to shorten the product development time while taking into account the needs of marketers?

4. How to organize and manage the company's R&D resources to meet the demand of production time?

5, how to let the company know the relevant information inside and outside, in order to try to improve the intensity of product listing?

6. How to promote the cooperation between R&D personnel and managers in product development?

Step 1: Simplify each sentence as much as possible to facilitate thinking.

1, develop suitable products.

2. Rational allocation of resources

3. Efficient completion

4, timely completion

5. Effective marketing

6. Cooperation of R&D/managers

Step 2: Grouping.

1. Determine the products that meet the market demand.

—Contains required functions (1)

-Meet the needs of marketers (3b)

2. Try to complete the development in the shortest possible time (3a)

-Rational allocation of resources (2)

—— Make the R&D time meet the production requirements (4)

-Strengthen cooperation between R&D personnel and managers.

3. Market products in the most favorable and effective way (5)

Think carefully before summing up, and think about what most people know about product development. As we know, the first enterprise to launch products can seize the market opportunities, and the speed of product upgrading is getting faster and faster. Therefore, shortening the product development cycle is the primary task of enterprises. With this background knowledge, it is reasonable to assume what the author wants to express:

The main problem facing product development is that we can respond to market demand more effectively than our competitors. How can we effectively respond to market demand? )

1. Can you find the right products for the market?

2. Can you shorten the unnecessary time delay before the product goes on the market?

3. Can we carry out effective marketing to maximize sales?

What we should do is not to try to imagine the possible results of a series of actions, but to try our best to find hidden ideas, concepts and meanings from a series of similar sentences.

Find out the * * * relationship between conclusions.

To infer from a series of ideas, we need to do the following:

1, find out the structure that connects these ideas.

2. Find a closer connection between these ideas.

3. Complete the inductive jump and summarize the theme.

Find the structure * * *

If the statement meets the following requirements, it means that a group of ideas has some kind of * * *:

1, for the same account.

2. For the same predicate (action or object)

3. Have the same implicit thought.

If the subjects are the same, we need to find out the * * * relationship between predicates; if the predicates are the same, we need to find out the * * * relationship between subjects; if the subjects and predicates are different, we need to find out the * * * relationship between their implied meanings.

For example, the new planning and control system has four characteristics:

1, the planning period and attached control system should be based on the year.

2, the plan should be made through the comprehensive system.

3, the plan should be compiled from top to bottom.

4. The planning system will distinguish between first practice and planned reform.

The subjects of sentences are almost exactly the same, all of which are plans or planning systems, and the connections between sentences are experienced in predicates. The meanings of these predicates are:

-Once a year

-Comprehensive elaboration

-Top-down formula

-Distinguish between current and future practices.

These four ideas are all correct, but there is no connection between them.

The goal of the new planning and control system is to make all departments of the company concentrate on improving profits by:

Each department is required to provide an annual profit plan.

Coordinate the plans of all management departments.

Supervise the work of managers according to the profit plan.

Looking for a closer relationship

A general statement can help you discover what you really think, tell your readers what you think and get ready.

As you know, our information system evaluation results show that:

1. You asked the information system project manager to provide information about the due date, so as not to delay the strategic business project.

2. Some project managers are inexperienced.

3. The information system allows to miss the scheduled date, instead of meeting the requirements of the scheduled date in a creative way.

4. The existing system development methods, tools and technologies are not unified.

The project manager has never installed such a huge and complicated important system.

6. The project manager has received less full-time or on-the-job project management training and limited time experience.

7. Your important projects (such as team and individual projects) need a high budget, time and plan-it may be risky to finish the work within your time limit.

8. The existing system development cycle does not support client or server development technologies such as rapid application development, joint application development and prototype development.

According to the inspection process, find out the core content.

1. Expiration date information is required.

2. The project manager has no experience.

There is a danger of missing the date

4, the use of tools is not uniform

5. Never done such a large-scale project.

6. Limited experience

7. Worried about delays

8. Unused tools

Organize the above ideas more clearly and meaningfully.

Our evaluation of your information system department shows that your project manager may not be able to finish the work according to the scheduled date (3, 7).

Their experience in such projects is limited (2, 6).

They have never installed such a huge and complicated system.

They lack the ability to apply the required methods, tools and technologies (4, 8).

Complete the complete thinking process of refining, summarizing and summarizing.

Example: explanatory materials about whether to enter the auto parts market.

Our conclusion is:

1, the market is huge and growing at a high speed.

2. The spare parts market is profitable.

The main characteristics of the market show that there are great obstacles to enter the market.

The overall trend is gratifying, but due to some uncertain factors, the prospects of some market segments are still unclear.

Overall, the market is attractive, but it is also highly dispersed.

These ideas can be divided into two groups.

Favorable factors: the market is huge, growing, attractive and profitable (1, 2, 4, 5).

Disadvantages: large barriers to market entry, uncertainty and market dispersion (3, 4 and 5)

Is there any inductive connection between these two sentences? What conclusions can be drawn from the above ideas?

Only some market segments are attractive.

These market segments will be difficult to enter.

There is no * * relationship between "attractive" and "difficult to enter", so the relationship between the two sentences is logical and can only be deduced:

There are only some market segments (attractive)-these markets will be difficult to enter-because, ......

So what? If you can't draw a conclusion by reasoning, then forget it? When it is difficult to draw a clear conclusion, it is easy for people to write a "thoughtless" sentence to deal with things instead of trying to complete their own ideas.

You can't simply pile up a series of ideas and assume that readers can understand their meaning. Every thought implies a summative thought, which can present the essence of this group of thoughts.

Before any grouping, you need to ask yourself, "Why did I list only these ideas and not others?" , the answer is:

These ideas all have some * * * nature, and they are the only ideas that are interrelated in this way.

-In this case, the overall thought of the group should be the meaning implied by the * * * nature of the group thought.

These ideas are all actions that must be taken at the same time in order to achieve a certain result.

-In this case, the overall idea of the group should show the direct result after taking the above actions.